Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Milosevic

Publications and source records attributed to A Milosevic.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Dental erosion, oral hygiene, and nutrition in eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of oral hygiene practices and additional fluoride on erosive tooth wear in eating disorders. The proportional dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins was also investigated. METHOD: Tooth wear was measured with the use of the tooth wear index (TWI). All subjects completed a questionnaire on past dental history as well as a 1-week diet sheet. A total of 33 subjects participated in the study, 20 of whom were follow-ups, allowing the progress of dental erosion to be made. All subjects were referred from the Department of Clinical Psychology. RESULTS: Oral hygiene practices between subjects with and without severe erosion were not significantly different. Only 8 bulimics spent more time brushing after vomiting than at other times. The pH of vomitus from 6 subjects ranged between 2.9 and 5.0, with a mean of 3.8, well below the critical pH for enamel demineralization to occur. Of the 20 follow-up subjects, 12 (60%) exhibited worsening tooth wear. The mean values for daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were not significantly different at baseline and at recall, and the proportional dietary intake was similar to recommended energy provision at 47%, 40%, and 13%, respectively. DISCUSSION: The contribution by toothbrush abrasion to the overall wear in the eroded dentition of bulimics is not significant. Therefore, immediate post-vomiting oral hygiene practices can be recommended. The proportional nutritional intake values of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in this group of bulimics are acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sports drinks hazard to teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dental hazards associated with sports supplement drinks by investigating the chemicophysical properties of eight brands of sports drinks. METHODS: The pH and titratable acidity against 0.1 M NaOH was measured. Calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentrations and viscosities of Carbolode, Gatorade, High Five, Isostar, Lucozade Sport Lemon, Lucozade Sport Orange, Maxim, and PSP22 were determined. RESULTS: The pH values of the drinks ranged from 4.46 (Maxim) to 2.38 (Isostar) and therefore were below the critical pH value (5.5) for enamel demineralisation. Both Lucozade varieties had high titratable acidities (16.30 ml 0.1M NaOH to neutrality) with Gatorade, High Five, and Isostar displaying intermediate titratable acidity, although Isostar had 74.5 ppm calcium and 63.6 ppm phosphate. The fluoride concentration of all drinks was low, and none of the drinks was particularly viscous (range 3.1-1.4 mPa.s). CONCLUSIONS: The chemicophysical analyses indicate that all the sports drinks in this study have erosive potential. However, drinks with higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and higher concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride will reduce this erosive potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors associated with tooth wear in teenagers: a case control study.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the association of various aetiological risk factors with tooth wear in 15-year-old school children. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: A case control study conducted one year after a prevalence study (Milosevic et al., 1994). The 80 children, identified from the prevalence study with palatally and/or occlusally exposed dentine, acted as cases. The control group were systematically selected from every tenth name on year registers. The only matching criteria were age, gender and school. All children answered a questionnaire detailing the risk factors and the tooth wear was further scored by one examiner (AM). SETTING: Ten randomly selected schools in Liverpool. PARTICIPANTS: 102 children participated out of a possible 160, an overall response rate of 64 per cent. Of the 54 controls, six had developed tooth wear into dentine during the 12-month interval following the prevalence study and were therefore excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: The odds ratio on 37 matched pairs was 1.7 (95% CI 0.72, 3.87) for grinding and clenching teeth and 2.6 (95% CI 0.91, 7.45) for carbonated drink consumption. Eating pickled food other than pickled onions was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls. Other potential aetiological factors which were not significantly associated with tooth wear in this group of children included stomach upsets, frequency of tooth brushing, weight/body shape and drinking fruit juice or using ketchup/sauces. Conditional logistic regression analysis of the paired data showed that carbonated beverage consumption was on the borderline of significance (P = 0.055) as a predictor for tooth wear in teenagers either on its own or allowing for the effect of tooth grinding. CONCLUSIONS: The frequent consumption of carbonated beverages is probably related to tooth wear. Future case control studies should seek to incorporate around 100 to 160 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Mandibular mobility and occlusal relationships after orthognathic surgery.

Mandibular mobility and the occurrence of occlusal interferences were assessed in a group of 42 subjects, all of whom underwent orthognathic surgery without maxillomandibular fixation. A minimum period of 3 months (mean of 12.9 months) had elapsed since surgery. Mandibular advancement (n = 8) and bimaxillary advancement procedures (n = 8) resulted in significantly greater end-of-treatment overjet than did Le Fort I (n = 12), mandibular setback (n = 3), or maxillary advancement with mandibular setback (n = 11). Mean maximum protrusion (5.9 mm) and mean maximum excursions to right and left (6.8 and 6.1 mm, respectively) were significantly higher after Le Fort I osteotomy. The frequency of right lateral, but not left lateral, non-working-side contacts was significantly greater in the mandibular setback group and the maxillary advancement with mandibular setback group. The mandibular setback group exhibited the only severe interference between retruded contact position and intercuspal position.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

GAP-43 mRNA expression in early development of human nervous system.

The temporal and spatial distribution of GAP-43 mRNA in early human development, from 6 to 23 gestational weeks (g.w.), was examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. GAP-43 mRNA was expressed as early as 6 g.w. in all regions of developing nervous system, the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalic and telencephalic regions. Although the pronounced level of expression persisted during the entire examined period, the intensity of expression varied along the spatial axis over time. Analysis at the cellular level revealed that early on in development (6 g.w.) GAP-43 mRNA was expressed in the entire neuroblast population. With the onset of differentiation, at 13-23 g.w., GAP-43 mRNA expression had switched to the neurons that are in the process outgrowth. The highest level of GAP-43 mRNA expression was localized in the regions consisting of differentiating neurons, such as the cortical plate and intermediate zone of the telencephalic wall, and several delineated subcortical and thalamic nuclei. The spatial and temporal pattern of GAP-43 mRNA expression obtained suggests a possible dual role of GAP-43 in the development of the human nervous system: in the embryonic brain it could be involved in fundamental processes underlying cell proliferation; in the fetal brain its expression is specifically correlated with differentiation and the outgrowth of axons.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1996

Salivary factors in vomiting bulimics with and without pathological tooth wear.

The increased occurrence of dental erosion from self-induced vomiting in bulimia nervosa is not linearly associated with the frequency or the duration of vomiting. Possible changes in the buffering and lubricating role of saliva in bulimia nervosa and their relationship to erosion have not been previously investigated. Chewing-gum-stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, bicarbonate concentration and viscosity were compared between two groups of vomiting bulimics and with 10 healthy controls. One bulimic group (n = 9) had pathological tooth wear present according to the criteria of the Tooth Wear Index and the other bulimic group (n = 10) did not. The influence of salivary pellicle on enamel acid dissolution by perchloric acid was also assessed by an enamel biopsy method. Bicarbonate was measured in a Natelson microgasometer. Both the bulimic groups had mean initial 3-min flow rates and overall 9-min flow rates significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the healthy subjects. The mean pH values were not significantly different between the two bulimic groups or the control group. However, the mean bicarbonate concentration in both bulimic groups was significantly less (p < 0.01) than in the control group. The mean salivary viscosity of 7.4 centipoise (cP), measured by a DV1 Brookfield viscometer, was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the pathological tooth-wear-present group than in the tooth-wear-absent group (4.5 cP) and the control group (4.1 cP). Slightly more calcium was released from the pellicle-free surface in both groups but this was not statistically significant, whilst the dissolved calcium in enamel biopsies was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the tooth-wear-present group.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tooth wear in three ethnic groups in Sabah (northern Borneo).

The prevalence and associated aetiologies of tooth wear were investigated in three ethnic groups in Sabah (Northern Borneo) using the Tooth Wear Index (TWI). The number of surfaces with enamel wear only, dentine exposed for less than a third or dentine exposed for more than a third were categorised into the TW minimal, moderate or severe respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit medical/dental history, oral hygiene practices, satisfaction with body image, diet and other personal habits/details. The sample comprised of a self selected sample of 148 dental hospital attenders; 47 (32 per cent) each of ethnic Chinese and Malay and 54 (36 per cent) of ethnic Kadazan, matched for age and with a similar number of scoreable teeth per subject. Dentine exposure within the total sample was a common finding (95 per cent TW with moderate, 41 per cent TW severe). The Kadazan group had significantly (P < 0.05) more surfaces with severe tooth wear than the Chinese or Malay. Tobacco chewing was positively associated (rho = +0.4, P < 0.05) with both moderate and severe tooth wear, as was the habit of crushing/eating bones. Neither carbonated beverages or fresh fruit intake were associated with tooth wear, but their frequency of consumption was low. The buccal and occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth were the most severely worn. Generally, wear was greater in the upper anterior sextant compared to the lower anterior sextant, with the exception of the lower incisal edges in the Kadazan group. Tooth wear into dentine was a common occurrence, especially among the Kadazan subjects and least among the Chinese subjects. The aetiological factors associated with this tooth wear are different to those encountered in Western cultures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Immunocytochemical localization of growth-associated protein GAP-43 in early human development.

Fibers labelled with antibody to the growth associated protein (GAP-43) were observed as early as 4 gestational weeks (g.w.) in the nervous system of human embryos. At 6 g.w. these fibers could be traced throughout the brainstem and the diencephalon. None of the immunolabeled fibers entered the telencephalic wall at that point, but 2 weeks later at 8 g.w., GAP-43 positive fibers were observed below the newly formed cortical plate of the cerebral cortex. GAP-43 positive fiber bundles had the same distribution as those previously labeled with tyrosine hydroxylase antibodies at the same age. These results strongly suggest that this growth associated protein is localized in the early growing dopaminergic fibers.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

The prevalence of tooth wear in 14-year-old school children in Liverpool.

The prevalence of tooth wear was assessed in a random sample of 14 year old school children in Liverpool. A total of 1035 children were examined in 10 schools of whom 526 (50.8 per cent) were male and 509 (49.2 per cent) were female. Three hundred and seven children (30 per cent) had exposed dentine, mainly incisally, and this occurred significantly more often in males than females (P < 0.01). Of these children, 80 (8 per cent) also exhibited exposed dentine on occlusal and/or lingual surfaces. This occurred mainly on the occlusal surfaces of the first mandibular molars and the lingual aspects of the upper incisors. A slight positive association was found between tooth wear and the level of social deprivation in the electoral ward in which the school was located.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical evidence of well-developed dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervations in the frontal cerebral cortex of human fetuses at midgestation.

The catecholaminergic (CA) innervation of the frontal lobe was visualized in 20- to 24-week-old human fetuses with immunocytochemical techniques, by use of antibodies raised against three synthetic enzymes of the CA pathway, tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). DBH-like immunoreactivity (IR) was probably labeling the noradrenergic (NA) fibers and terminals in the cerebral cortex since no PNMT-IR fibers were detected. In double-labeling TH-DBH experiments, 92-95% of the DBH-IR afferents were not labeled with TH antibodies, indicating that TH-like immunoreactivity (TH-IR) was found primarily in dopaminergic (DA) fibers. Although cortical layering had not yet occurred at this stage, the widespread CA innervation observed in the different areas and layers of the fetal frontal cortex was comparable to that previously described in the adult (Gaspar, Berger, Febvret, Vigny, and Henry: J. Comp. Neurol. 279:249-271, '89). At midgestation, the distribution of CA innervation was region and laminar specific: 1) The densest dopaminergic innervation in the cerebral cortex was located caudal to the genu of the corpus callosum: TH-IR fibers were abundant throughout all layers, from the medial telencephalon (future cingulate) to the dorsal areas (presumed motor cortices) and the lateral insular areas; 2) TH-IR fibers were less dense in the rostral prefrontal cortical anlage; 3) DBH-IR noradrenergic afferents were less numerous than the dopaminergic ones in all the cortical areas studied; 4) in all areas, the highest amount of TH and DBH-IR terminals was found in the upper subplate and in the lower part of the cortical plate, followed by the molecular layer and the intermediate zone. The deep subplate exhibited a lower number of positive fibers but contained TH-IR cell bodies. The presence of dense CA innervation in the immature cortical anlage of the human frontal lobe does not exclude a reorganization of DA and NA innervations within the different cortical layers and areas during the protracted pre- and postnatal period of development.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

In vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide cements on Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7864.

Several studies have questioned the antimicrobial role of calcium hydroxide cements. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of four commercially available calcium hydroxide cements on Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7864 using inoculated Mueller-Hinton growth medium. Growth curves from optical density analysis, pH measurements, and viability counts were compared over a 24 h period. Significant differences occurred (P < 0.05) between pH measurements but not the growth curves or the viability counts. All cements exerted a cidal effect although this cannot be attributed to an increase in alkalinity alone.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Tooth wear: an aetiological and diagnostic problem.

Tooth wear is an all-embracing term for attrition, abrasion and erosion which does not presuppose the mode of wear and allows for combined aetiology. Identification of the aetiology is essential for successful management. Known risk factors are discussed for attrition, abrasion and erosion. A combination of aetiologies complicates the diagnosis and may modify the clinical appearance or pattern of tooth wear. Examples of such cases are presented.

Acids↗
PubMed1992

The influence of surface finish and in-vitro pellicle on contact-angle measurement and surface morphology of three commercially available composite restoratives.

Three commercially available composites (Concise, Occlusin and Heliomolar) had surface finishes of varying roughness. Concise and Occlusin were cured against glass and Mylar, or were polished with a white stone or Soflex discs, producing four different surface finishes. Heliomolar was cured against glass or finished with a Vivadent polisher. Each specimen was immersed in water (without pellicle) or artificial saliva (with pellicle) and photographed with a captive air bubble. The influence of pellicle on contact-angle measurements and hence adhesiveness was determined. Scanning electron microscopy of pellicle-free and pellicle-conditioned surfaces was also performed. The effect of the pellicle on all Concise specimens was profound, tending to increase adhesiveness of the smooth (glass and Mylar) surfaces and decrease adhesiveness of the roughened (white stone and Soflex disc) polished surfaces. The pellicle-conditioned smooth Occlusin surfaces behaved similarly, but not the polished specimens, having similar contact-angle measurements after pellicle deposition. Heliomolar had significantly reduced contact-angle measurements after pellicle formation, and thus increased adhesiveness. The influence of the pellicle on surface finish characteristics may be significant, and may vary according to the composite used.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

Calcium hydroxide in restorative dentistry.

This paper reviews the various calcium hydroxide preparations available for use in restorative dentistry and their constituents. The significance of individual constituents in relation to the properties of such materials and their mode of therapeutic action with respect to the dentine pulpal response and antibacterial activity is discussed. Applications of calcium hydroxide in restorative dentistry are also reviewed.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1989

The orodental status of anorexics and bulimics.

This study aims to assess the dental status of anorexics and bulimics by comparison to age-matched controls. One hundred and eight individuals participated, of which 58 had an eating disorder. This group were further subdivided into bulimics who induced vomiting (33), bulimics who did not vomit (7), and anorexics (18). The caries experience (DMFS), plaque levels, gingival inflammation and buffering capacity of saliva were assessed and total vomiting episodes estimated from the product of vomiting frequency and duration. Statistical analysis (one way ANOVA) revealed no significant differences with most of the dental variables between the eating disorder groups and the controls. A linear association (Pearson correlation coefficient) between vomiting frequency, duration or total vomiting episodes and tooth wear was not found, although the frequency of pathological tooth wear is significantly high in the vomiting bulimic group, especially if the total number of vomiting episodes is greater than 1100.

Adolescent↗