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Biomedical subjects

A Miller

Publications and source records attributed to A Miller.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Mean and instantaneous expiratory flows, FVC and FEV1: prediction equations from a probability sample of Michigan, a large industrial state.

Prediction equations for FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, FEF75-85%, FEF50% and FEF75% were modelled for 396 normal non-obese adult lifetime nonsmokers and continuing smokers. Subjects came from a random cross-section of the white population of Michigan, a large industrial state. In both sexes, linear models utilizing age and height were appropriate for FVC, FEV1/FVC and FEV1; flows were better described by logarithmic transformation. These regression equations provided similar predicted values for FVC and FEV1 in nonsmokers to other models in wide use. Previous equations for instantaneous flows have yielded inconsistent predicted values. It is hoped that the present equations will be useful for these measurements. Duration of cigarette smoking was a significant prediction variable for FEV1, FEV1/FVC and mean and instantaneous flows in these normal men, but not in normal women. For FEV1, the effect of each year of smoking was 40% of the effect of ageing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The chromosome complement of an Aotus hybrid.

Two divergent haploid chromosome sets were encountered in the chromosome complement of laboratory-born Aotus. Comparison of G-banded chromosomes of this individual with seven other established G-banded Aotus karyotypes revealed that this monkey is a hybrid offspring of two allopatric chromosome races (Brazilian Aotus X Colombian Aotus).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial overlap of Ir gene-controlled responses to two proteins of limited relatedness: hen egg-white lysozyme and human lysozyme.

The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to human lysozyme (HUL) is regulated by an Ir gene(s) located within the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Mice of H-2a, H-2k, H-2v and H-2r haplotypes respond to HUL, whereas mice with H-2b, H-2d, H-2q, H-2s and H-2u haplotypes fail to generate substantial anti-HUL PFC responses. In contrast, only mice carrying the H-2b and H-2s haplotypes are non-responders to the distantly related hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL). The major genetic control of the anti-HUL PFC response maps to the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex with perhaps a minor influence by a gene mapping to the right of the I-B subregion. HUL and HEL induce a cross-reactive suppressor cell, directed against a particular determinant found on both lysozymes. Once generated, these antigen-specific suppressor cells can affect the in vitro primary response to either lysozyme conjugated to sheep red blood cells. Despite this overlap, the strain distribution pattern of responsiveness is different for the two lysozymes. In the discussion, this was attributed to the MHC-related failure to process and/or present HEL to the HEL/HUL cross-reactive suppressor T cell in H-2q, d and u strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational and cost-effective management of the patient with a solid breast lump.

The rational management of the palpable breast lump requires a tissue diagnosis. The more conventional approach is biopsy under general anesthesia, examination of frozen sections and "follow-on" mastectomy when indicated. In the present study, we aimed at arriving at an unequivocal tissue diagnosis by studying permanent sections at a separate ambulatory procedure either with formal biopsy under local anesthetic or, in suspicious lumps, with the Trucut biopsy needle (Travenol Laboratories, Inc. USA). Only 7 (14%) of the 56 women with 64 breast lumps were hospitalized for biopsy under general anesthesia. In 13 out of 22 breast cancers, the definitive diagnosis was made by examining Trucut needle biopsy specimens. This alternative approach provides a significant reduction of costs, more efficient utilization of operating time and a fully evaluated, psychologically prepared patient, when mastectomy is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The steering function of T cells in expression of the antibody repertoire directed against multideterminant protein antigen.

Limitation in the T-cell repertoire has the consequence of reducing the heterogeneity of antibody production. This has been demonstrated in three different systems, in which the T-cell restriction was imposed (1) by tolerance, (2) by peptide priming (3) by natural scarcity. Therefore, expressed repertoires may represent only a portion of the genetically prescribed V regions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A critical examination of the numerology of antigen-binding cells: evidence for multiple receptor specificities on single cells.

The data available from other laboratories as well as our own on the frequency of cells recognizing major histocompatibility antigens or conventional protein and hapten antigens is critically evaluated. The frequency of specific binding for a large number of antigens is sufficiently high to support the idea that at least part of the antigen-binding cell population must have multiple specificities. Our results suggest that these multiple specific cells result from single cells synthesizing and displaying as many as 50-100 species of receptor, each at a frequency of 10(4) per cell. A model involving gene expansion of constant-region genes is suggested and some auxilliary evidence consistent with such C-gene expansion is presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The AAMI standard test load for electrical risk current measurements.

The AAMI standard test load prescribed in AAMI's American National Standard, Safe Current Limits for Electromedical Apparatus, addresses the need to accurately measure electrical risk currents associated with the use of electromedical patient care equipment. Its purpose is to simulate a good electrical contact to the body and to roughly approximate the body's physiological response to electrical current flow as a function of frequency. Although the AAMI test load meets these needs well for most measurement situations, it may overstate the risk current arising from low-impedance sources when higher frequencies (greater than 1 kHz) are present. This problem of source impedance emphasizes the need for standards to express requirements in terms of performance rather than to require that specific test methods be used. Specific test methods may be appropriate if they adequately cover the requirements of the measurement or if any limitations they have are clearly understood by everyone. The present AAMI test load can remain an effective measurement tool, provided users understand its limitations.

Electric Conductivity↗