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Biomedical subjects

A Menotti

Publications and source records attributed to A Menotti.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Physical activity at work and job responsibility as risk factors for fatal coronary heart disease and other causes of death.

Altogether 99 029 men aged 40-59, employed on the Italian railroad system, were classified in three levels of physical activity at work and three levels of job responsibility and then followed up for five years in terms of mortality and cause of death. Physical activity and job responsibility have been investigated in different ways as possible risk factors of lethal events. When considering together the findings of univariate and bivariate analyses it appears that low physical activity and high job responsibility are attributes favouring myocardial infarction, and that high physical activity and low job responsibility are attributes favouring lethal chronic bronchitis and violent death. Overall, mortality from all causes is not significantly different in different classes of physical activity and job responsibility, and within total mortality these two characteristics play a role in the distribution of the various causes of death as a consequence of possible competing risks. A number of other non-measured factors, however, may have had a confounding effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Recent trends in coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases in Italy.

Trends in death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Italy in the period 1970-1979 suggest a continuous rising of mortality in males until 1976-1977 followed by a plateau or a slight decrease in the next 2 years; whereas an 11.5% decrease has been observed in females aged 35-74. Looking at the whole group of cardiovascular diseases it appears that a continuous and clear decline in stroke mortality (-14.6% in males and -22.0% in females aged 35-74) explains almost completely the overall decrease of cardiovascular mortality observed during the period 1970-1979 which corresponds to -8.4% in males and -24.3% in females. Limited and unrepresentative data from population samples studied between 1960 and 1980 suggest an increasing incidence of CHD which is compatible with parallel changes of some risk factor levels. In the 1970s a continuous increase of fat consumption and of cigarette consumption has been balanced by an increase of prevalence of controlled hypertensives, by an increase of leisure physical activity, by an increasing availability of coronary care units and consumption of beta-blockers. It is likely that in the late 1970s a plateau was reached in the coronary epidemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of coronary heart disease in two generations of men exposed to different levels of risk factors.

Within an epidemiological study on coronary heart disease (CHD) (alive) two samples of middle aged men living in two rural areas of Northern and Central Italy, two subgroups of individuals aged 51-59 (alive), free from CHD (alive) belonging to different generations have been identified. Group A (n = 593) was followed-up from 1960 to 1970 and group B (n = 553) from 1970 to 1980. Entry mean levels of some classical risk factors were higher in group B than in group A (serum cholesterol by 19 mg/dl; diastolic blood pressure by 2.9 mmHg; body mass index by 0.9 units), whereas physical activity at work was lower by 0.2 units of a score. The 10 year incidence of hard-criteria CHD events has been higher though not significantly so in group B by 19%, suggesting a connection with the different levels of risk factors, mainly serum cholesterol.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

AIMilano apoprotein identification of the complete kindred and evidence of a dominant genetic transmission.

The AIMilano apoprotein variant is associated with a marked reduction of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and with increased triglyceridemia. In spite of the low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), carriers do not generally show clinical signs of atherosclerosis. The biochemical disorder is linked to a molecular change in apoprotein AI, that is, an arg----cys substitution in the 173 position, thus allowing the formation of AIMilano-AIMilano dimers and AIMilano-AII complexes. The origin of the variant gene has been located in Limone sul Garda, a small community in Northern Italy (about 1,000 individuals). This community has a genetic, biochemical, and clinical individuality, consequent to its isolation up to a few years ago; the citizens show highly uniform alimentary habits and elevated consanguinity. The complete population of the small village was sampled, and, by the use of an analytical isoelectric focusing technique for the detection of the mutant, a total of 33 living carriers, ranging in age from 2 to 81 yrs, were identified. Analysis of the genealogic tree of the complete family groups showed that the apoprotein (apo) AIMilano is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, all carriers coming from a single mating couple, living in the eighteenth century. The carriers are heterozygous for the apoprotein variant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Risk factors between blood cholesterol and coronary disease].

Some risk functions are presented linking serum cholesterol to the development of coronary heart disease. They are produced from epidemiological studies on Italian population samples made of men aged 40-59 at entry and followed up to 20 years. The purpose is to provide a simple tool for the estimation of the expected risk and of that depending on changes of the risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The seven countries study: 2,289 deaths in 15 years.

Among 11,579 men ages 40-59 without evidence of cardiovascular disease, 2,289 died in 15 years, 618 from coronary heart disease. The 15 cohorts in seven countries (four regions) differed in all-causes death rate, mainly reflecting great differences in coronary mortality. Among characteristics of entry, only mean blood pressure helped to explain cohort differences in all-causes death rate. Three-quarters of the variance in coronary death rate was accounted for by differences in mean serum cholesterol and blood pressure of the cohorts. The mortality risk for individuals was examined in each of the regions. For coronary death, age, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking were highly significant in all regions except Japan, where coronary deaths were too few for evaluation. Relative weight was not significant anywhere. Physical activity was significant only in southern Europe, where differences are associated with socioeconomic status. For all-causes death, age and blood pressure were highly significant risk factors in all regions as was smoking habit, except in Japan. Relative body weight tended to be a negative risk factor everywhere, significantly so in southern Europe. Expectations for coronary death from the experience in the United States and northern Europe greatly exceeded observed deaths in southern Europe for men of their age, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking habits, physical activity, and relative weight. The reverse, prediction of coronary deaths in America and in northern Europe from the southern European experience, greatly underestimated the deaths observed. Similar cross-predictions between the United States and northern Europe were good for all-causes deaths, excellent for coronary deaths. Analysis of time trends in relationships of mortality to entry characteristics showed continued importance of age, blood pressure, and smoking and a tendency for the importance of cholesterol to fall in the last 5 years of follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

HDL serum cholesterol and 24-year mortality of men in Finland.

Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 men aged 30-34 at entry. Among the men aged 35-61, in 24 years 155 died, 63 from coronary heart disease; among the men aged 30-34, 36 died, 16 from coronary heart disease. All causes and coronary death rates were highest in east Finland where HDL cholesterol was also highest. Coronary death rates were not related to HDL cholesterol in east or west Finland but 16 men dead from coronary heart disease in Helsinki tended to have low HDL values. Consideration of five other entry characteristics did not change the picture with regard to HDL-mortality relationships. Solution of the multiple logistic equation using all those variables found the probability of 24-year coronary death was not significantly related to HDL but was significantly related, positively, to the non-HDL cholesterol concentration. HDL and total cholesterol mean values for men of the same age in the same area of Finland, with lipoprotein separation by the new recommended methods, agree closely with the means recorded in 1956. These 24-year findings are not necessarily in conflict with reports in the literature on an inverse relationship between coronary heart disease incidence and HDL cholesterol based on much shorter periods of follow-up and few data on mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The european multifactorial preventive trial of coronary heart disease: four-year experience.

The European Multifactorial Preventive Trial of Coronary Heart Disease operates in five centers in Belgium, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Great Britain with a total of 44 pairs of factories employing over 63,000 men aged 40-59. Pairs of factories were randomly allocated to either treatment or control. An entry screening for risk factors was offered to all men in treatment factories and to random samples of men in control factories. Those identified as relatively high-risk in treatment factories (upper 15-20%) were individually treated with advice for cholesterol lowering diet, smoking cessation, regular exercise, weight reduction, and drug control of hypertension, whereas mass education on the same subjects was given to non-high-risk individuals. Random samples of men were reexamined after 2 and 4 years in order to assess risk factor changes, with control groups serving as reference for naturally occurring trends. Changes of main risk factors recorded in different centers varied considerably. Pooled data showed a net reduction of 2.5% random sample (RS) and 5.8% high-risk (HR) for serum cholesterol; of 1.3% (RS) and 2.6% (HR) for systolic blood pressure; of 0.5% (RS) and 0.9% (HR) for body weight; and 8.8% (RS) and 15.2% (HR) for cigarette consumption. The net reduction of coronary risk estimated by the multiple logistic equation was 12% in RS and 17% in HR.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prediction of all causes of death as a function of some factors commonly measured in cardiovascular population surveys.

A 20-year follow-up study for all causes of death has been conducted on two groups of men aged 40-59 at entry in two rural communities of northern and central Italy on a total of 1,712 subjects representing 98.9% of defined demographic samples. Personal characteristics or risk factors usually studied for coronary heart disease (CHD), as measured at entry, have been related to the risk of dying in 20 years (600 cases). By means of multivariate analysis, 11 out of 33 considered characteristics were shown to be significant predictors of any cause of death. These were mean blood pressure, age, arm circumference (protective), early death of parents, cigarette smoking, forced expiratory volume (protective), CHD, arcus senilis, vital capacity (protective), xanthelasma, and serum cholesterol. Discrimination between cases and noncases was satisfactory with about 40% of deaths in the upper quintile of the estimated distribution of risk and less than 7% in the lowest quintile (relative risk = 6.20).

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Coronary risk factors and excess mortality from all causes and specific causes.

Data from two Italian rural cohorts of the Seven Countries Study are used to examine the relationship between level at entry to the study of some coronary risk factors and subsequent mortality. The target follow-up period of 15 years after entry to the study is complete. Causes of death are classified according to standard criteria and age-adjusted rates are calculated. The analysis shows that blood pressure and smoking are risk factors that explain a substantial amount of total mortality, whereas serum cholesterol seems to be a specific risk factor for coronary mortality. The excess risks of death attributable to blood pressure, smoking, serum cholesterol and also the estimated risk of death are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Seasonal variations and trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in Naples, 1974-1978].

Death certificates of people who died from cardiovascular diseases in the City of Naples from 1974 through 1978 were reviewed. Data were classified according to three different groups of causes of death: 1. from all cardiovascular diseases (codes of the International Classification of Diseases-ICD-, VIII Revision from 393.0 through 458.9), 2. from ischaemic heart diseases (ICD from 410.0 through 411.9) and 3. from acute ischaemic heart diseases (ICD from 410.0 through 411.9). The monthly number of deaths in each group was analyzed using time series techniques to assess the seasonal pattern and the secular trend. A clear seasonal pattern was found in all groups, though in group 3 it was less evident. The maximum number of deaths per month was found to occur during the cold season and the minimum during the summer. The secular trend was found to be stable for groups 1 and 2. Group 3 showed an evident increase over the five years under study.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1983

[Theoretical bases of health education in the primary prevention of coronary cardiopathy].

The knowledge acquired during the last 35 years on the identification and the quantitative predictive and partially causal role of coronary risk factors; the substantially positive results of primary preventive trials of coronary heart disease by intervening on some risk factors and the partial explanation of declining trends of coronary mortality in some countries, represent the theoretical bases for justifying, to-day, a nation-wide preventive action against coronary heart disease. A mediterranean-type diet, directed to lower and to maintain low levels of serum cholesterol; the systemic - although prudent - drug treatment of high blood pressure and the elimination of smoking, can warrant measurable reduction of incidence and mortality from coronary heart disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of risk factor variations in relation to their baseline values in a controlled preventive trial. Application to the Rome Project of CHD Prevention.

This paper proposes a method for separating intervention impact, regression to the mean and spontaneous evolution effects in a controlled preventive trial. Variation dependence on baseline values is estimated by means of corresponding regression lines. Regression line slopes are adjusted to eliminate bias due to the difference between observed and 'true' values. Intervention impact is then evaluated using the control group as reference. Possible differences in factor baseline values are adjusted for. The method is used to analyse variation patterns for body mass index, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking in four years in the Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention cohorts. All regression lines of variations vs baseline values show a negative slope. A highly significant improvement due to treatment is observed for blood pressure and body mass index, a less substantial but significant improvement is observed for serum cholesterol, and no effect is observed for cigarette smoking.

Adult↗