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Biomedical subjects

A Mazzone

Publications and source records attributed to A Mazzone.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The probable role of superoxide produced by blast cells in leukaemic cutaneous spreading.

Leukaemic blast cells from 12 patients with acute leukaemia were examined in order to study their capacity to produce anion superoxide in the absence and in the presence of phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA). Blast cells are able to mount an oxidative respiratory burst upon challenge with PMA, as demonstrated by superoxide release. The production of anion superoxide by blasts committed to monocytic differentiation might be an additional factor contributing to the tissue damage observed in leukaemic patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacological effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on phagocytes: hypothesis for an HA-induced monocyte chemotactic factor for neutrophils.

The connection between hyaluronic acid and phagocyte function is not well documented in the literature. Its action may either inhibit or enhance polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function, depending on its concentration. Studies were conducted to verify the effect of hyaluronic acid on phagocytes, both directly using hyaluronic acid and indirectly via a mediated route using the medium from a hyaluronic acid monocyte incubation. Determinations were made of phagocytosis, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, superoxide production, and chemotaxis before and after incubation with hyaluronic acid. Chemotaxis of PMNs was used to evaluate the chemotactic action of a medium in which monocytes had been incubated with hyaluronic acid. This method resulted in progressive improvement in the chemotactic index. The authors conclude that the monocytes incubated with hyaluronic acid produce a chemotactic factor for neutrophils.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of infections during hematologic malignancies with aztreonam, a new antibiotic.

Nineteen patients with hematological malignancies (5 malignant lymphomas, 9 acute leukemia and 5 other hematological diseases) were treated with aztreonam alone or in combination for infection. Four out of five patients in the lymphoma group, 6/9 in the leukemia group and 4/5 in the last group were considered cured of their infection. No important clinical side effects or consistent deterioration of hematology and chemistry tests were observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of methisoprinol on neutrophil functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

Neutrophils and monocytes are fundamental to the inflammatory process. They migrate into inflammatory foci where they manufacture and release numerous substances (enzymes X O2 ions) which if not controlled may injure the tissues they come in contact with. This enhanced response is responsible for the degenerative reaction typical of inflammation which occurs in rheumatoid arthritis. neutrophil and monocyte metabolism are activated in response to various drugs or to chemicals that may be produced either by the inflammatory agents or by other immunocompetent cells. Hence, immune system modulators may be employed to control their response. For this reason neutrophil and monocyte function was studied in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis as was the ability of methisoprinol, a major immunomodulating drug, to control their functional response both in vivo and in vitro. Neutrophils present a defective chemotactic activity attributable to a circulating inhibitory factor, a defect that methisoprinol can correct. The drug also stimulates lymphocytes and monocytes to produce substances that activate neutrophil chemotaxis. Methisoprinol is an excellent drug that can modify the altered cell-mediated immunity of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Myelofibrosis caused by cancer: presentation of a clinical case with a very difficult diagnosis].

Fibrosis of the bone marrow or myelofibrosis, is a connective tissue response of the bone marrow, giving rise to alterations of various nature. From an etiological point of view, it may be divided into primitive or secondary forms. Since the therapeutic implications differ, it is important to make a correct differential diagnosis between the 2 forms. With this in mind, particular importance must be given to myelofibrosis secondary to neoplastic metastasis since it frequently presents with a clinical and hematological picture and bone marrow morphology typical of acute or chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. In such a situation the particular course of the disease and the description fibrosis-sclerosis of the bone marrow are highly suggestive of myelofibrosis secondary to neoplastic metastasis. On the basis of these considerations, we found it interesting to report a case which came under our observations. The patient in this case presented a complex differential diagnosis which offered us the occasion to review and highlight the clinical and histological criteria fundamental to the 2 forms. The patient, a 40 year old woman, presented with a clinical picture typical of myelofibrosis following surgery for a cystic ovary. For 3 years she had felt violent bone pains and had progressively declined in her physical state to the point of cachexia. A careful histological exam of the bone marrow revealed metastasis from the gastric tumor thus giving a clear diagnosis of secondary myelofibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Skin involvement in hemopathies: specific cutaneous manifestations of acute nonlymphoid leukemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

The course of a hemopathy may be characterized by the appearance of cutaneous lesions. In such cases a correct histological investigation is needed, especially when the lesions have an aspecific appearance. It is important, therefore, to recognize the cases characterized by cutaneous involvement of typical systemic disease cells. Lymphomas and leukemias are the hemopathies which more frequently present specific and nonspecific cutaneous manifestations (with an approximate incidence of 3-40 and 6-50%, respectively). In the period 1977-1983 we examined 337 patients affected with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and 243 patients affected with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in order to verify the incidence of specific cutaneous manifestations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Chronic brucellosis: diagnostic problems and case presentations].

Chronic Brucellosis is an infection disease, which is still of great clinical interest whether due to the difficulties of diagnosis involved or to the peculiar course of the illness. For this reasons, we have considered several cases of Chronic Brucellosis observed over a period of 10 years, which have presented particular problems of diagnosis. Furthermore, we have underlined the importance in the diagnosis, of intradermal reaction and the hemoreaction to the anamelitina injection. We propose therefore, to consider their diagnostic specificity by analyzing the results obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Enterobacteria and endotoxins in abdominal surgical pathology. Critical review and clinico-experimental studies].

A detailed critical review on the role of endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria in the pathogenesis of most of the intestinal experimental models of surgical interest is presented. Data of an investigation on 10 cases of acute appendicitis and 2 cases of intestinal occlusion associated with toxaemia are then presented: in all these cases the Limulus test significatively revealed the presence of endotoxin in the blood and in the peritoneal fluid, also in absence of bacteria in the blood. The implications of these results and the use of the test in clinical practice are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole-beta-cyclodextrin complex in healthy volunteers after single and multiple doses.

Dipyridamole is a well known anti-aggregating agent characterized by poor water solubility as well as scant and variable bioavailability. Recently, the compound was complexed with beta-cyclodextrin forming a molecular encapsulation resulting in better oral absorption and stronger biological activities in animals. In the present study, a randomized double blind cross-over comparison between dipyridamole-beta-cyclodextrin complex (dip-beta-CD) and dipyridamole was performed in 12 healthy subjects after single (75mg) and multiple oral treatments (75mg TID). Dip-beta-CD showed better bioavailability and less interindividual variability than dipyridamole either after single or multiple doses. In particular, dip-beta-CD had a greater AUC and Cmax, and a smaller Tmax even at the steady state. In addition, 100% of the subjects receiving a single dose of dip-beta-CD, as compared to 66.7% of those treated with dipyridamole, had plasma levels superior to 1 microgram/ml (which is the supposed anti-aggregating threshold level). In contrast, 0 and 33.03% of the subjects showed plasma levels superior to 2.5 micrograms/ml (which might cause the appearance of side-effects) on the 7th day of the multiple treatment with dip-beta-CD and dipyridamole, respectively. In fact, the subjects presenting higher levels after uncomplexed dipyridamole also complained of headache and/or dizziness on occasion. No adverse side effects were reported for dip-beta-CD.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo.

The efficacy and tolerability of Serratia peptidase were evaluated in a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 193 subjects suffering from acute or chronic ear, nose or throat disorders. Treatment lasted 7-8 days, with the drug or placebo being administered at a rate of two tablets three times a day. After 3-4 days' treatment, significant symptom regression was observed in peptidase-treated patients. There was also a significant reduction in symptoms after 7-8 days for patients in both treatment groups but the response was more marked in those patients receiving the active drug. Statistical comparison between the two groups confirmed the greater efficacy and rapid action of the peptidase against all the symptoms examined at both stages. Tolerance was found to be very good and similar for both groups. It is concluded that Serratia peptidase has anti-inflammatory, anti-oedemic and fibrinolytic activity and acts rapidly on localized inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The nervous system and the immune system: the role of morphine and opioid peptides in the function of neutrophilic granulocytes].

Inhibition of human granulocyte chemotaxis towards casein was observed in the presence of mu and k receptor agonist, which per se exhibits chemokinetic activity. Naloxone was found to prevent both the opioid and opioid unrelated increase of granulocyte migration. Although opioid agonists with different receptors specificity were capable of strongly modifying human granulocyte migration, no conclusion can be drawn on the role of opioid receptors in regulating migration activity. The effects of morphine and opioid peptide on neutrophil aggregation and ATOP release were studied. Inhibition of human granulocyte aggregation and ATP release was observed in the presence of morphine in a naloxone stereoselective manner, whereas the opioid peptides were ineffective. The effect of DAGO, DADL and dynorphin 1-9 on granulocyte aggregation and ATP release were also evaluated, but these opioid peptides are unable to modify neutrophil function. Our studies confirm the role of mu receptors on modulation of polymorphonuclear granulocyte function and suggest a key role of opioid peptides in the regulation of some immune system functions. In comparative studies Ca++ (A 23,187) and dynorphin 1-9, per se, induced stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolites from granulocytes. In this regard dynorphin 1-9 may function as a mediator between the central nervous system and immunity.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro effect of opioid agonist and antagonist on superoxide release by granulocytes.

The effect of the opioid agonist morphine and of the (-) and (+) stereoisomers of the antagonist naloxone were studied on the O2-generation from human granulocytes. Morphine or naloxone had no effect on basal or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated O2-generation, while equimolar (-) naloxone and morphine concentrations (1 x 10-13 - 1 x 10-7 M) inhibited the stimulated O2-generation. The effect of (-) naloxone was stereospecific, suggesting the involvement of opioid receptors. The unmasking of non opioid effects of morphine could be responsible for the inhibition of O2-generation. It is suggested that the opioid control of oxidative metabolism in human granulocytes could involve multiple receptors mediating opposite effect.

Adult↗