Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Marneros

Publications and source records attributed to A Marneros.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part II: Length of cycles, episodes, and intervals.

Length of cycles, intervals, and episodes of 72 schizoaffective patients were investigated (duration of the follow-up means = 25.6 years, minimum 10, maximum 59 years). The average cycle length (time between beginning of an episode and next relapse) was found to be 37.5 months (median). Patients with a schizodepressive initial episode, unipolar course, and without precipitating factors relapsed much later than patients with schizomanic onset, bipolar course, and precipitating factors. The older the patient at onset the shorter the first cycle. The length of cycle decreased with increasing cycle number. Patients with schizodepressive onset, asthenic personality, and monomorphous course stayed in hospital longer or needed longer inpatient-like treatment than others. Length of cycles and intervals were characterized by an extraordinary intraindividual and interindividual variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. Part III: Onset, type of episodes and syndrome shift, precipitating factors, suicidality, seasonality, inactivity of illness, and outcome.

In addition to the findings presented previously, one-half of the 72 investigated schizoaffective patients had an acute onset. Onset of manic symptomatology was found to be usually acute. Although precipitating factors were found in 76% of the patients, this was found for only one-third of the 397 episodes. In spite of the fact that the majority of patients (61%) had a polymorphous course (with more than one type of episode), the pure schizophrenic or pure affective syndromes only seldomly dominated the course, as schizoaffectivity score and syndrome-presence index showed. Some 81% of the patients had delusions or hallucinations but only 37% of the individual episodes; 65% of the patients had suicidal symptomatology (24% of the episodes, mainly the schizodepressive ones). No seasonality was found, and 50% of the patients had a favorable outcome, only 6% ended in severe residuum. In old age the illness usually became inactive.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Syndrome shift in the long-term course of schizoaffective disorders.

Seventy-two patients diagnosed as having schizoaffective disorders (Cologne study) were investigated with regard to syndrome shift. During long-term follow-up (mean 25.6 years) they had 400 episodes (the duration of an episode being defined as the time between the beginning and end of inpatient or inpatient-like treatment). A total of 61% of the patients had a polymorphous course, i.e. displayed more than one type of episode. The first syndrome shift was found in the early stages of the course (in 61% of the cases as early as the second episode, in 84% at latest by the third episode). Using diagnostic criteria considering the longitudinal approach, 88% of schizoaffective disorders could be definitively diagnosed as such at the latest by the second episode. The only difference in the course between polymorphous and monomorphous (with only one type of episode) schizoaffective disorders was that the former relapsed more frequently. On the basis of the findings of the present study we suggest a longitudinally based dichotomy of schizoaffective disorders into bipolar and unipolar.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychopathology of K. Schneider's mania.

An investigation of 107 patients diagnosed as having mania, according to the criteria of K. Schneider, showed that this mania is a syndrome of affective, psychomotor, behavioral and formal thought disturbances, while productive psychotic symptoms are rare. Four psychopathological subgroups were defined: (1) mixed mania, (2) irritable mania, (3) megalomania, and (4) flight-of-ideas mania.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Nonpsychopathological features of K. Schneider's mania.

The nonpsychopathological features of 107 patients diagnosed as having mania were compared to those of 1,208 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Both diagnoses were made according to K. Schneider's criteria. Significant differences were found between the two groups in regard to the age of onset, marital status and educational and occupational levels. Manic patients tended to become ill more as age advances than schizophrenics, and exhibited better educational and occupational levels. The premorbid adjustment level of manic patients was found to be higher than that of schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Delusional parasitosis. A comparative study to late-onset schizophrenia and organic mental disorders due to cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Delusional parasitosis (DP) was found in about 7 of 10,000 psychiatric admissions. The comparison of patients suffering from DP (n = 20) with 170 cases of late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) and 120 patients diagnosed as organic mental disorder due to cerebral arteriosclerosis (CAS) showed more similarities of DP with organic than with schizophrenic disorders. In addition, the phenomenological analysis supports the classification of the majority of DP cases as organic mental disorders. Even careful analysis cannot always answer the question, whether the main symptoms of DP have to be classified as delusions, hallucinations or misidentifications.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Schizophrenic first-rank symptoms in organic mental disorders.

The frequency of schizophrenic first-rank symptoms (FRS) were investigated in 1698 patients with an organic mental disorder (OMD) according to Schneider's and DSM-III criteria: 7% of the patients with OMD had FRS, compared with 47% of schizophrenic patients. However, the frequency of FRS depends on the state of consciousness and on the aetiology of the OMD: 20% of the patients with clear consciousness had FRS, but only 1.5% of those with clouded consciousness. In cases of some aetiologically defined groups of OMD, such as post-ictal epileptic psychoses or alcoholic hallucinosis, the frequency of FRS is similar to that in cases of schizophrenia. FRS appear to be psychotic reaction patterns whose substrate-related basis extends across the whole spectrum of endogenous and exogenous psychoses.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1987

[Infection-caused mental disorders. Are they still topical in the antibiotic era?].

Of 104 patients treated in a psychiatric hospital because of mental disturbances caused by an infection, almost one-half had been referred directly to the psychiatric hospital on account of their psychically abnormal behaviour. The infectious disease causing these disturbances was diagnosed only after their admission. In most of the cases the psychic abnormalities did not seem to be due to a physical cause, so that the somatic examination was frequently delayed. Pneumonic infections were most frequently seen, but there were also numerous other infections from all other disciplines of medicine. Clouding of consciousness developed rapidly in 84% of the patients during the course of inpatient treatment with an incidence that was almost fivefold that of the initial stage. Visual hallucinations (37%) were the most frequent productive-psychotic phenomenon. 45% of the patients presented with a delirious pattern and 4% with a psychosis resembling schizophrenia. In 35% of the patients treatment with psychotropic drugs proved necessary, whereas with the remaining 65% therapy remained antibiotic or generally somatic only. 18% of the patients died.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Kurt Schneider's schizophrenia--the picture of schizophrenia in a Schneider-oriented university clinic.

Even in a Schneider-oriented university clinic, the majority of the diagnoses "schizophrenia" are based on non-first-rank symptoms. About one-fifth of the cases diagnosed as having schizophrenia showed nonproductive symptoms such as disturbances of thought, of affect and of behavior. But the nonproductive forms showed a relatively high density of symptoms. Two-thirds of the patients are women, one-third men. Schizophrenia is most frequently diagnosed in the third decade of life. Single people with a low education are more commonly represented. But all this is not valid any longer if we separate schizoaffective psychoses and other atypical psychoses from "pure" schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Psychopathology of organic mental disorders due to infections in the antibiotics era. Stability of syndromes and classification.

104 patients diagnosed as having an organic mental disorder due to infection were classified according to DSM III criteria. The vast majority of patients (76%) fulfilled the criteria of delirium, 6% that of organic hallucinosis, while others had to be classified as affective, personality or delusional syndrome. We found a great instability of syndromes causing classification problems. A classification rule is suggested, which we called 'compromise of clinical reality'.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Manifestations of progressive paralysis. Not a theme of the past].

Investigations carried out on 293 cases of progressive paralysis showed that the widely held view of a "classical form" of progressive paralysis is not applicable. Thus megalomania was found in only 13% of the patients and a manic type state in less than half. Disturbances in affectivity, drive and intellectual functions in progressive paralysis are, in general, uncharacteristic and can appear in any psychotic syndrome. Moreover, neurological symptoms taken as characteristic for progressive paralysis such as the Argyll-Robertson phenomenon or the "mimic quivering" are more the exception than the rule.

Consciousness Disorders↗
PubMed1985

[Suicidal tendencies in schizophrenic patients hospitalized for the first time].

180 (15%) patients from 1208 first-hospitalized schizophrenic patients had suicidal tendencies. Our findings show that the suicidal tendencies of schizophrenic patients have their own features. These conclusions can be supported by the differences between the determinants of the suicidal tendencies of schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic population; such different determinants are: sex, age, family and suicidal method. Suicidal tendencies are more frequent among patients without formal thought disturbances. We explain this fact with an "incoherence of decision processes". The features of the suicidal tendencies of schizophrenic patients are based on the grounds of psychosis own dynamic.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Schizophrenia suspecta.

We investigated what makes a Schneider-oriented psychiatrist diagnose "suspected schizophrenia" yet nevertheless stop short of a definitive diagnosis of schizophrenia. We compared the case records of 1208 patients hospitalised for schizophrenia for the first time in their life and all patients with discharge diagnosis "suspected schizophrenia" (n = 358). We found that the main factors for making the diagnosis of "suspected schizophrenia" are, as when using Bleuler's concept, intrasymptomatological ones, i.e. type, structure and constellation of symptoms. Hereby the non-committal character of the "expression symptoms in the wider sense" (Schneider), i.e. disorders of thought, of affect and behaviour, is of particular importance. Psychotic productive symptoms in the form of delusions or hallucinations alone are not always sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Even first rank symptoms cannot establish the diagnosis schizophrenia if certain factors reducing their pathognomonic value are present.

Delusions↗
PubMed1984

Frequency of occurrence of Schneider's first rank symptoms in Schizophrenia.

We investigated the frequency of first rank symptoms (FRS) among patients hospitalised for schizophrenia for the first time in their life. The diagnosis was made in a Schneider oriented psychiatric hospital; 47% of the patients showed FRS. The frequency of FRS depends on the age and sex of the patient and on the existence of somatic findings but is independent of the level of their intellectual capacity or of the duration of the observation time.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome].

The author describes the Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. He also reports on a patient in whom the complete pattern of signs of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome became manifest only in adulthood (after he was past 35 years of age). This complete pattern of signs included multiple facial and vocal tics with generalised motor tics and coprolalia, voluntary control over these signs for a few minutes and chronic progress with varying intensity of the overall pattern. Previous reports on late manifestations of the syndrome had not been recognised and accepted as typical, so that the onset in childhood between 2 and 15 years of age is considered a diagnostic criterion of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. However, in view of the case presented here, the author suggests that, although onset of this syndrome in adulthood is certainly rare, it cannot be excluded as impossible.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

The psychopathology of 'late schizophrenia'.

We investigated the clinical features of schizophrenic syndromes first manifested after the age of 50. By comparison with the schizophrenic syndromes first manifested before the 50th year of life we found: late schizophrenia is characterized by rich psychotic productive syndromes (delusions and hallucinations); disturbances of thought are rare; depression, euphoria and anxiety show no difference between the two groups; females are much more represented than males; social isolation is not more common in late schizophrenia than in non-late schizophrenia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Adult onset of Tourette's syndrome: a case report.

A 45-year-old man fulfilled all DSM-III criteria for the diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome except for early onset of the disease. He first developed tics at age 35 and coprolalia at age 40.

Adult↗