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Biomedical subjects

A Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to A Magnusson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Frequency of proximal tubal obstruction in patients undergoing infertility evaluation.

Fallopian tube recanalization is a technique for treatment of proximal tubal obstruction caused by debris. The true frequency of infertile women for whom this treatment is suitable is not well known. In this study all hysterosalpingograms (HSGs) performed over a 3-year period (1986-88) were reviewed. The HSGs were performed as part of an infertility evaluation program in 494 women, with a mean duration of infertility of 2.4 years. Bilateral proximal tubal obstruction was found in 3% and unilateral proximal obstruction in 2% of the cases. In women examined in the first 2 years (1986-87) (n = 328), the birth frequency after HSG was 25%. When HSG was performed with optimal technique the number of patients who were suitable for Fallopian tube recanalization was low.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Purification of diacylglycerol:acyltransferase from rat liver to near homogeneity.

A method to isolate a protein related to the diacylglycerol:acyltransferase (DGAT) activity in rat liver microsomes has been developed. The microsomes were treated with sodium deoxycholate (DOC; 0.1 mg/mg protein) at a concentration of 1 mM, i.e., below the critical micellar concentration (CMC), to remove luminal and loosely bound proteins. Three percent of the DGAT activity and all of the acylCoA hydrolyse activity were present in the supernatant, i.e., among the extracted loosely bound proteins. The insoluble material, recovered as a pellet, was suspended in DOC (1.6 mg/ml and mg protein in the original microsomes), and subjected to multiple, short (1-2 sec) sonications. CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate; 5 mg/ml) was then added, and the sonication was repeated. The detergent-treated microsomal membranes were filtered through a 0.22-micron filter and chromatographed on a Superose 6 column from which the DGAT activity was recovered in a high molecular mass fraction. A monoclonal antibody that reacted with this fraction was raised and used in immunoaffinity experiments. This antibody removed 93 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD, n = 4) of the DGAT activity present in solution and 44 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD, n = 5) of the applied activity could be recovered after desorption. The antibody recognized a 60 kDa protein upon Western blot of rat liver microsomal proteins as well as of the DGAT-containing fraction from the Superose 6 column. A 60 kDa protein was highly enriched in the DGAT-containing retained fraction from the immunoaffinity chromatography. This 60 kDa protein reacted with the monoclonal antibody on Western blot. In addition to the 60 kDa protein, the retained fraction from the immunoadsorber contained a 77 kDa protein. This protein did not react with the monoclonal antibody on Western blots. Neither the 60 nor the 77 kDa protein reacted with antibodies to mouse immunoglobulins or showed any unspecific reaction with immunoglobulins.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1994

Transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsies of the prostate. A comparison between the standard 1.2-mm needle and three thinner needles.

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination is a well established method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The examination technique has, however, certain limitations, and biopsies are needed to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. In order to determine the influence of the thickness of the needle on the histopathological evaluation of specimens, core biopsies were taken from 36 patients with hypoechoic lesions suggestive of cancer detected by TRUS, using a 1.2-mm cutting needle followed by a thinner needle (0.9-, 0.8- or 0.7-mm). A total of 164 biopsies from 41 hypoechoic lesions were obtained. The specimens were coded and examined by a pathologist. They were judged according to amount of tissue obtained, quality, length, malignancy and grade. The best results were obtained with the 1.2- and 0.9-mm needles. The results were comparable and reliable for both needle types which can be recommended for clinical practice. The 0.8- and 0.7-mm needles were found to give more or less unsatisfactory results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Calcium-induced degradation of the inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor/Ca(2+)-channel.

Ca(2+)-induced degradation of the neuronal inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor, a protein which regulates Ca(2+)-release from intracellular stores, has been examined. The IP3-receptor, immunopurified from rat cerebellum, appeared to be an excellent substrate for purified Ca(2+)-activated neutral protease (calpain). Incubation of membranes or immunopurified IP3-receptor with Ca2+ and cerebellar cytosol also resulted in degradation of the receptor. Two main fragments with approximate molecular masses of 130 and 95 kDa were generated, both of which appeared to derive from the carboxyterminal Ca(2+)-channel-containing part of the protein. These data suggest that activation of the IP3-receptor, by causing increases in intracellular [Ca2+], might result in degradation of the N-terminal, IP3-binding part of the receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Staging of bladder carcinoma by computer tomography-guided transmural core biopsy.

In an attempt to improve staging of bladder cancer, computed tomography-guided transmural core biopsy was performed in 17 patients. In the first four patients a 0.9 mm cutting needle was used. This small needle yielded easily fragmented cores and consequently the remaining biopsies were taken with a 1.2 mm needle with an improved result. In all but one case sufficient histological material to allow a diagnosis was obtained by the core biopsy technique. Transmural tumor infiltration, as verified in corresponding cystectomy specimens, could be identified more often with the core biopsy than in biopsies obtained by transurethral resection. False negative diagnosis occurred when the tumor was not clearly visible on the computed tomography scan. No short-term side effects of clinical importance were found with the procedure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Oral contrast media in CT of the abdomen. A double-blind randomized study comparing an aqueous solution of amidotrizoate, an aqueous solution of iohexol and a viscous solution of iohexol.

In a double-blind randomized study 3 different preparations of oral contrast media for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen have been compared. Plain aqueous solutions of amidotrizoate (9 mg I/ml) and iohexol (9 mg I/ml) were used as well as a preparation of iohexol (9 mg I/ml) to which a viscosity-increasing agent had been added. The distribution of the contrast media in the intestine, transit time and patient tolerance were evaluated. No significant differences were found regarding the distribution between the 3 preparations of contrast media, while there was a tendency for the transit time to be increased when the viscous preparation of iohexol was used. The aqueous solution of iohexol had the best taste, while the viscous preparation was markedly more difficult to drink. Aqueous solutions of iohexol and amidotrizoate were equal for bowel opacification and the addition of the viscosity-increasing agent did not improve the distribution of the contrast medium in the intestine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Contrast-enhanced CT scanning in vivo for the quantification of hepatic metastases from a human colonic cancer in the nude rat.

Hepatic metastases were induced in nude rats by intraportal injection of 2.5-5.0 x 10(6) cells from the human colonic cancer cell line LS 174 T. Quantification of tumour burden, expressed as relative metastatic area, was performed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning in vivo (n = 14), contrast enhanced CT scanning post mortem (n = 21) and computer-based area calculation (CBAC) (n = 21). To determine the false-positive contribution to the estimated tumour burden by the evaluation procedures themselves, six rats without metastases were assessed. The quantification in the three different assessment groups was in close accordance in animals with an intermediate or extensive metastatic burden, but not in rats with a minor (< 4%) tumour burden. The results indicate that contrast-enhanced CT scanning can be used in this model to quantify hepatic metastases, except in animals with few and small lesions. Furthermore, the results suggest a potential for the assessment of therapeutic response by repeated contrast-enhanced CT scanning in vivo, as well as prospects for a corresponding evaluation in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with high-intensity light. A phototherapy study with an Icelandic group of patients.

The standard phototherapy procedure for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been to expose patients to 2500 lux light intensity for 2 h. This study investigated whether high-intensity light treatment with a brief exposure time would relieve symptoms of SAD. Ten SAD patients were randomly assigned to 40-min exposure to 10,000 lux white light or to 400 lux red light which served as placebo. Each patient received treatment for 8 days, and after a wash-out period was crossed over to the other treatment condition. Depression was assessed by the 21-item HDRS and SIGH-SAD by a blind rater and the patients completed the BDI for self-assessment. Significantly greater improvement was found with 10,000 lux treatment than with the placebo (P = 0.011, P = 0.017 and P = 0.028 for SIGH-SAD, HDRS and BDI respectively). The 10,000 lux therapy improved the SIGH-SAD score by an average of 16.1 while the average improvement on placebo treatment was 5.0. The patients were rated again the following summer; most of them were the symptomless. Those patients who improved most on phototherapy also tended to improve most during the summer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A placebo-controlled trial of flumazenil given by continuous infusion in severe benzodiazepine overdosage.

A controlled trial was performed to study the effect and any adverse reactions of continuously infused flumazenil in severe benzodiazepine overdosage. The study comprised 51 adults admitted to an intensive care unit with poisoning. Enrollment criteria were unconsciousness on admission and a clear response within 5 min after an i.v. bolus injection of 1 mg flumazenil. The level of consciousness was assessed according to a modified Glasgow coma scale immediately before and at defined intervals up to 12 h after injection. A double-blind infusion was started 15 min after the bolus injection and administered for 5 h. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a group given flumazenil 0.5 mg/h, a group given flumazenil 0.1 mg/h and a placebo group. The groups were comparable in age, sex and toxicological laboratory results. There were no significant differences between the groups in the average coma score on admission or 15 min after the bolus injection. In the flumazenil 0.5 mg/h group the level of consciousness remained unchanged between the 15-min recording and the subsequent assessments. In the two other groups the level of consciousness decreased significantly during the course of the infusion. The infusions were well tolerated. It is concluded that a continuous infusion of 0.5 mg of flumazenil per hour can prevent relapse into coma in patients with severe benzodiazepine poisoning aroused with a single injection of the antagonist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Considerations for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning based on analysis of two cases.

The clinical picture as well as the principles of treatment in ethylene glycol poisoning differ with the time after ingestion. These time-related differences are illustrated by two case reports. During the first hours of ethylene glycol poisoning, the patient suffers from drunkenness, vomiting and somnolence due to the intoxicant effect of ethylene glycol on the central nervous system. In the following hours a poisoning with glycolate and oxalate develops, with increasing acidosis, renal and brain damage. A patient admitted within a few hours of an overdose, with no or only slight metabolic acidosis, may be successfully treated with ethanol. If the serum concentration of ethylene glycol is very high, hemodialysis may be deferred until the necessary staff and equipment are available. If the patient is admitted with severe metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis must be started immediately. The need for ethanol administration during hemodialysis merits reevaluation.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1991

Assay of theophylline: in vivo and in vitro evaluation of dry chemistry and immunoassay versus high-performance liquid chromatography.

In the last decade, kits using dry chemistry have been introduced for analysis of theophylline in biological fluids. We investigated the performance of Ames Seralyzer and Kodak Ektachem 700XR. They were compared to an enzyme immunotechnique (Syva EMIT) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mixed sera from theophylline-treated patients at concentrations of 20, 50, and 80 mumol/L were used. We also investigated the performance of the various methods when assaying theophylline concentrations obtained from individual patients treated or intoxicated with theophylline (n = 35 patients). In within-day analysis, the EMIT method deviated +1- + 9%. the Ektachem 700XR method deviated +2- + 8%, and the Seralyzer method deviated at least + 18% compared to HPLC. Within-day variability was low for all 4 methods. A similar pattern was seen during between-day assay. In five intoxicated patients, EMIT, Seralyzer and Ektachem 700XR deviated at least + 10% compared to HPLC. The Ektachem 700XR method deviated +16- + 36% compared to HPLC, when samples of 240 mumol/L and above were analyzed. Our study shows that theophylline assay kits cannot be recommended in drug analytical laboratories unless specific backup methods are available. EMIT showed the best performance compared to HPLC. Ektachem 700XR gave good results at therapeutic drug concentrations, but was not reliable in intoxicated patients or in those with decreased kidney function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Superparamagnetic particles as oral contrast medium in MR imaging of malignant lymphoma.

Non-biodegradable superparamagnetic particles, in plain and viscous aqueous suspensions, were used as an oral contrast medium in 34 patients with known or suspected malignant lymphoma. The contrast effect, the occurrence of artifacts, and the distribution were evaluated in the plain and the viscous aqueous suspensions, and the diagnostic information received from abdominal MR examinations performed without bowel contrast medium was compared with that of post-contrast examinations. Magnetic particles in the concentration of 0.5 g/l displayed a good contrast effect at 0.5 T, and helped in differentiating the intestine from adjacent tissues, resulting in increased diagnostic information in abdominal MR imaging. In the patients given the viscous aqueous suspension the occurrence of artifacts caused by the magnetic particles decreased considerably, and the distribution was homogeneous and improved compared with that in patients given the plain aqueous suspension.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Naturally occurring HIV-1 isolates with differences in replicative capacity are distinguished by in situ hybridization of infected cells.

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been studied by in situ hybridization using the riboprobe BH10-R3 from HTLV-IIIB. Two series of isolates were tested: (a) 20 isolates from individuals with varying severity of HIV-1 infection and (b) sequential isolates from 5 subjects showing signs of clinical progression over a 45 month observation period. The results show that HIV-1 isolates with distinct replicative capacity can be distinguished by the intensity of radioactive labeling over single infected cells after in situ hybridization. Sequential isolates from patients with clinically progressive HIV-1 infection show a gradual increase in replicative capacity over time. In PBMC cultures infected with such sequential isolates, intensity of radioactive label over single infected cells increases and is strongest with isolates obtained at the time of low CD4 counts in blood. The results suggest that the restriction of virus replication that operates in the early stages of HIV-1 infection is gradually lost with progression of the disease.

HIV Infections↗