Do beef-eaters have an increased risk of dementia and early death?
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Magnusson
Publications and source records attributed to A Magnusson.
Occupation and occupational exposure to UV light as risk factors for hairy cell leukaemia evaluated in a case-control study.
To investigate the role of occupation as a risk factor for hairy cell leukaemia a case-control study on 121 male, hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) patients, and 484 controls matched for age and sex, was conducted. We found significantly elevated risk for HCL among building painters (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6-20.8; based on six cases and four controls) and construction workers (OR, 3.3; CI, 1.2-9.2; based on seven cases and eight controls). Farming has been suggested as a risk factor in HCL. In this investigation farmers had an OR of 1.2 (CI, 0.6-2.3) and farm workers an OR of 1.5 (CI, 0.8-2.8). However, having ever worked in farming yielded an OR of 1.8 (CI, 1.1-2.9). Having grown up mainly in a rural area gave an OR of 1.4 (CI, 0.9-2.4). UV light has been suggested as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). To evaluate the impact of UV exposure, classification of occupations as indoor, outdoor or mixed indoor/outdoor was made. Outdoor and mixed outdoor/indoor work yielded ORs of 2.3 (1.0-4.9) and 1.6 (1.0-2.5), respectively. When the effect of outdoor/indoor or mixed indoor/outdoor work was analysed using a scoring system the OR was 2.0 (CI, 0.9-4.4) for farmers compared with 0.8 (CI, 0.3-1.9) among non-farmers in the highest scoring group. There was no clear correlation between socioeconomic status as defined by the Swedish Socio-Economic Classification (SEI), and the risk of HCL. As many comparisons were made, the possibility of associations occurring by chance can not be excluded.
Adult↗
Validation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ).
The validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was examined by interviewing 81 individuals who had participated in an earlier community survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in Iceland. When SAD and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD) were combined into a 'winter problem' group, the questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for that group were 94%, 73% and 45%, respectively. The SPAQ discriminated poorly between SAD and S-SAD, and hence it had a poor case-finding ability for SAD. Clinical evaluation verified a diagnosis of SAD in individuals who had no previous information about this syndrome. The questionnaire furthermore identified a group of individuals who had generalized anxiety and marked seasonal variations. Clinical evaluation arrived at a similar prevalence rate of SAD as the questionnaire.
Adult↗
Autosomal dominant frontal epilepsy.
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Adult↗
[Drug-induced dystonia misinterpreted as hysteria].
Psychic distress is often expressed in the form of physical pain or disease, but the converse also occurs. Illnesses with an organic aetiology are sometimes misdiagnosed as psychogenic. We describe three patients who developed rare forms of acute drug-induced dystonia when treated with antipsychotic drugs. All three cases were initially misdiagnosed as "hysteria" because the patients had psychiatric illnesses and because the symptoms were bizarre and became worse when the patients became very anxious. Furthermore, if the patients were helped to relax the symptoms disappeared for a moment. One of the patients developed dystonia 24 hours after ingestion of 750 mg tetrabenazine in an attempt at suicide. Another patient who had HIV/AIDS developed severe dystonia after receiving only 2 mg haloperidol by mouth. The clinical presentation, treatment, and possible mechanisms of the pathophysiology of acute drug-induced dystonia are briefly reviewed.
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
Determinants of complications after multiple transrectal core biopsies of the prostate.
Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies of the prostate were performed on 347 consecutive men. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics. The first 199 patients received 400 mg norfloxacin immediately after the biopsies were performed and 400 mg the same evening. The second group of 148 patients received 400 mg of norfloxacin 1 h before the examination followed by five doses administered twice daily. A total of 15 major complications were noted. In the first group the complication rate was 6.5% and in the second group 1.4%. The different regimes of prophylactic antibiotic treatment were the only parameters shown to have a statistically significant impact on the complication rate. The number of complications decreased, but were not eliminated, when prophylactic treatment with norfloxacin was given before the biopsies were taken and continued for a total of 3 days.
Adult↗
Multiple transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies for the detection of prostate cancer and determination of tumor volume, grade, and seminal vesicle invasion.
A total of 251 men with suspected prostate cancer were examined by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in order to evaluate the usefulness of TRUS and core biopsies for the detection of prostate cancer and determination of tumor volume, grade, and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Biopsies targeting hypoechoic lesions were taken in combination with systematic biopsies obtained from six standardized locations. Bilateral seminal vesicle biopsies were obtained from 168 of the men. A total of 26 patients underwent surgery and a comparison between the results of the histopathological evaluation of core biopsies and the prostatectomy specimen was performed. A total of 137 cancers were detected. In 34 patients (25%) the tumors were diagnosed by systematic biopsies alone. Tumor volume as estimated by TRUS underestimated the volume when compared to a planimetric technique. Correlation between the two methods was not found by regression analysis. Systematic biopsies did not improve grading compared to the grading of prostatectomy specimens. A total of 24 SVIs were detected. Valuable information was obtained for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by taking systematic biopsies.
Adult↗
Differential distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the dorsal column nuclei of rats: a combined immunohistochemical and retrograde tract tracing study.
This study aimed to investigate whether different calcium-binding proteins are present in morphologically and functionally separate cell groups in the dorsal column nuclei of rats. Thalamic-projecting neurons were identified by iontophoretic injection of an intraaxonal tracer substance, choleragenoid, into the ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus, which was localized by extracellular recordings of the responses to natural peripheral stimulation. The presence of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin and paravalbumin in the projection neurons was detected by a double-labelling immunofluorescent method. The vast majority of the thalamic-projecting neurons contained paravalbumin, but not all parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells were retrogradely labelled. Calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were also found in the dorsal column nuclei, but only a small minority of these neurons projected to the thalamus. These findings are generally consistent with the notion that the different calcium-binding proteins represent functionally separate neuronal populations. Taken together with previous observations that parvalbumin is present in large dorsal root ganglion cells, which project to the dorsal column nuclei, and in the thalamocortical relay cells that receive dorsal column nuclear input, the present findings suggest that parvalbumin is associated with neurons that transmit modality-specific low-threshold mechanoreceptive information from the periphery to the somatosensory cortex. However, the presence of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells that appeared not to project to the thalamus, as well as the occurrence of thalamic-projecting calbindin-immunoreactive neurons, indicate that parvalbumin and calbindin are present within several, functionally different, groups of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei.
Animals↗
A non-random deletion in the p53 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
In a retrospective study of the mutational spectrum of the p53 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma, 80 primary tumours diagnosed in 1980-90 were included. Using polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR/SSCP) analysis 47 mutations were found distributed in 39 of the tumours (49%). Unexpectedly, the majority of the mutations (29/47; 62%) were found in exon 8, and at sequencing 17 of them showed a 14 bp deletion in codons 287-292, causing formation of a stop codon and accordingly a truncated protein lacking the C-terminal. The majority of the patients with the 14 bp deletion were women (13/17), and it seemed as though certain potential risk factors for carcinoma of the head and neck were less common in this group.
Age Factors↗
CT-guided transsternal core biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses.
Computed tomography-guided transsternal biopsy was successful in 10 anterior mediastinal masses in 10 patients, with use of a coaxial length-matched bone biopsy system comprising an outer cannula and an inner eccentric drill bit. No complications occurred in nine of 10 biopsies (eight performed with an automatic cutting needle, two with a fine needle), with less discomfort than was caused by injection of anesthetic.
Biopsy, Needle↗
CT-guided pericardiocentesis.
PURPOSE: Pericardial effusion in patients who have recently undergone cardiac surgery is often trapped in compartments. CT of the pericardium provides good information about the distribution of pericardial fluid in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Contrary to echocardiography, CT imaging is not affected by postoperative mediastinal emphysema and pain from the wound. A method for CT-guided pericardiocentesis was developed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT-guided pericardiocentesis was carried out with a stereotactic device in 10 patients. The pericardium was punctured with a 0.9-mm needle and a 0.46-mm guide wire was introduced through the needle. An indwelling catheter was introduced over the guide wire and was left in the pericardium. Both the subxiphoid and parasternal approaches were used. RESULTS: CT guidance facilitated placement of an indwelling catheter into the pericardial space in positions difficult to reach in patients with postoperative pericardial compartments, i.e. near the right atrium and adjacent to the cardiac apex/left ventricle. CONCLUSION: CT-guided pericardiocentesis offers a new possibility in patients where fluoroscopically or echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis is difficult.
Catheters, Indwelling↗
Suicidal chloral hydrate poisoning.
BACKGROUND: The cumulative reports of chlorate hydrate toxicity suggest an unacceptable risk for this commonly used sleep aid. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old male was admitted after ingestion of 70 g of chloral hydrate. He was hypotensive and hypothermic. Spontaneous respiration was insufficient. Fluid resuscitation did not restore adequate blood pressure levels. Low dose catecholamine infusion resulted in ventricular arrhythmias. The patient was treated with combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis during an eight hour period. During this time, serum concentrations of trichlorethanol fell. Blood pressure and heart rate increased and consciousness was regained without signs of neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Although outcome was favorable, this case report illustrates the potentially high acute toxicity of chloral hydrate and supports its removal from the market.
Adult↗
[Injuries caused by motorized lawn mowers--hand injuries the most common ones].
The powerful forces involved in the function of motorized lawnmowers can cause serious injuries. The study reported was based on a series of 81 cases of injury, that were treated at University Hospital, Umeå. Direct trauma to hand and foot was the most common injury mechanism, though high energy expulsion of objects from the machine was not uncommon. A common cause of direct trauma to hand or foot was attempting to clear grass or other matter from the vicinity of the rotating blades. Hand injuries were most common and occurred predominantly in men, whereas women and children accounted for a greater proportion of missile injuries instead. 25 per cent of all hand and foot injuries were amputating fractures. The preventive measures that could and should be implemented to reduce the risk of these injuries include improved shielding of rotating and heated parts, prevention of missile ejection, and the introduction of dead-man grip. The use of protective gear, and greater care in the use of motor mowers generally, would also reduce the risk of injury.
Accidents, Home↗
Field displacement during external radiotherapy in prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with radioactive 198Au implants and external irradiation.
The purpose of this work was to study displacement error and internal movements of the prostate during external beam radiotherapy. Verification films in the frontal (n = 194) and lateral (n = 64) portals were investigated in 14 patients treated with radioactive 198Au implants. Displacement errors of two implants were investigated. In seven patients, filling of the rectum and the bladder with contrast medium or isotonic saline was performed during CT investigation for planning purposes to detect movements of the prostate. Most (95%) of the displacement errors were less than 10 mm in the frontal portal and less than 15 mm in the lateral portals. No correlation to the patient's weight was found. The displacement errors were randomly distributed. The spatial relations between the implants were not altered during the treatments. Small movements of the prostate were observed. To conclude, the positioning system employed at present (laser) can be sufficient for the margins used (2 cm). In lateral portals, however, the system did not have the ability to detect a possible systematic displacement error from simulator to accelerator. The intention is to decrease the margins to 1 cm, which will necessitate a better positioning system.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Oral contrast media in CT of the abdomen. Iohexol of different concentrations as a gastrointestinal contrast medium.
In a double-blind randomised study 3 different concentrations of iohexol for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen were compared. Iohexol in a concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml, 6.75 mg I/ml and 9 mg I/ml was used. No significant differences between the 3 preparations of contrast media were found regarding the contrast effect, the distribution or patient tolerance. When using iohexol as a bowel contrast medium at CT the concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml is sufficient for bowel opacification.
Administration, Oral↗
Endothelin secretion is regulated by cyclic AMP and phosphatase 2A in endothelial cells.
Endothelin is a 21 amino acid peptide secreted by endothelial cells and is the most potent vasoconstrictor known. The present study examines regulatory mechanisms of endothelin secretion, focusing on the role of protein phosphorylation. Endothelin secretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. While treatment that raised cAMP levels reduced the basal endothelin secretion rate, agents that elevated cGMP had no effect. Downregulation or inhibition of protein kinase C resulted in decreased endothelin secretion, suggesting that protein kinase C regulates endothelin secretion in the opposite direction to cAMP dependent protein kinases. Okadaic acid, at concentrations that selectively inhibit protein phosphatases 2A, reduced the endothelin secretion and the effects of okadaic acid and db-cAMP were additive. Endothelin production was stimulated by fetal calf serum and by the protein kinase inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), but was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine. The present findings that regulators of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, protein kinase C, calmodulin, and protein phosphatase 2A all affect endothelin secretion suggest that endothelin secretion is controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of as yet unidentified regulatory proteins within the cell.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
Computed tomography of experimental liver metastases using an iodinated hepatocyte-specific lipid emulsion. A correlative study in the nude rat.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: A hepatocyte-specific iodinated lipid emulsion, NRI 757, was used for detection of experimental hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed in a correlative model of multiple hepatic metastases from a human colonic cancer implanted in the nude rat. RESULTS: After intravenous injection, normal liver parenchyma remained enhanced for several hours, whereas the uptake in hepatic metastases was negligible. A liver-to-lesion contrast of 45 Hounsfield units (HU) was obtained at a dose of 1 mL NRI 757/kg body weight (BW). In a lesion-by-lesion analysis of 177 metastases ranging in size from 1 to 32 mm, the mean +/- standard deviation overall detection rate for native scanning and contrast-enhanced scanning in vivo and post mortem, 20 +/- 0.4%, 53 +/- 5.2%, and 55 +/- 4.0%, respectively and 28%, 84%, and 82%, retrospectively. When metastatic size also was considered, for native scanning the maximum detection rate of 61% was reached for 8- to 10-mm lesions, whereas for contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning, 100% of the 5- to 7-mm lesions and 42% of the 1- to 2-mm nodules were detected. CONCLUSION: The use of NRI 757 improved the diagnostic yield considerably.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Five year follow-up after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer--a study of the impact of different tumor variables on progression.
Fifty-one patients with clinically localized prostate cancer stages A and B, who underwent radical prostatectomy have been followed for a minimum of 5 years. The impact of age, stage, capsular penetration, total tumor volume, Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastases on progression has been evaluated. Progression free survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed according to the Cox proportional hazards model. During the observation period 16 patients (31%) experienced progression. Tumor volume, grade and seminal vesicle invasion emerged as statistically significant predictors of tumor progression in the survival analyses while age at surgery, preoperative stage and different levels of capsular penetration were not statistically significant. The findings in the Cox models were in accordance with those at actuarial survival analyses though tumor volume was the only variable proven to have an independent statistically significant influence on progression.
Aged↗