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Biomedical subjects

A M Teppo

Publications and source records attributed to A M Teppo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Acute phase response in cerebral infarction.

The serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were determined in 50 young and middle aged patients with cerebral infarction and in sex and age matched community controls. Of 46 case control pairs, 11 cases but only one control had raised acute phase protein concentrations simultaneously (p less than 0.01); four case control pairs were excluded because of an infectious complication following infarction and an acute phase response. Seven of the 11 patients (64%) with raised acute phase protein concentrations had a history of bacterial infection in the preceding month but of the remaining 35 patients without raised concentrations only four (11%) had such a history (p less than 0.01). In general, the acute phase response was less pronounced and occurred less often than has been reported in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The results suggest that a positive acute phase response is associated with a preceding bacterial infection or with an infectious complication after cerebral infarction. Measurement of acute phase proteins, therefore, could be used to evaluate the possible role of preceding bacterial infection in the development of cerebral infarction and also in the management of these patients as an early indicator of possible infectious complications.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1989

Clinical testing of a new, low-flux polysulfone membrane. Results of a 26-week study.

In a 6-month study, a new hollow-fiber (HF) dialyzer with a modified polysulfone (PS) membrane was evaluated in 12 hemodialysis patients. Seven of them had previously used a cuprophane (CU) HF and five a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) HF dialyzer. The PS dialyzer reduced the concentration of serum creatinine by 54 +/- 5% (SD), that of urea by 59 +/- 5%, that of urate by 62 +/- 6% and that of phosphate by 40 +/- 12%; the mean urea index (Kt/V) was 0.9. Heparin consumption diminished with the PS dialyzer compared with the PMMA dialyzer. The serum predialysis beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) concentrations rose by 5.4 mg/l (mean). The intradialytic beta 2M measurements showed insignificant changes in all the membranes studied. Eosinophilia was initially observed in 4/12 (33%) of the patients, all using an ethylene oxide (ETO)-sterilized CU dialyzer. At the end of the study this figure had decreased to 1/12 (8%). The serum IgE concentrations also decreased significantly. IgE class antibodies to ETO were initially detected in 2 patients. The level decreased clearly in 1 of them after switching to the PS dialyzer. The new PS dialyzer was found to be effective, possibly less allergenic and, owing to its moderate hydraulic permeability, suitable for routine dialyses.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the circulation of patients with rheumatic disease.

By means of a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay, cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was measured in sera from 51 patients with rheumatic disease. Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/TNF were observed in 46% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; p less than 0.001 versus blood donors) and in 29% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; p less than 0.05 versus blood donors). Marked elevation of cachectin/TNF occurred in both RA and SLE patients in connection with severe infections. The results show that cachectin/TNF is present in the circulation of certain patients with rheumatic disease, and that although the median cachectin TNF level in SLE patients is lower than that in RA patients, the cachectin/TNF response in SLE patients to severe infections is similar to that in RA patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Urinary protein excretion patterns in reactive (secondary) systemic amyloidosis.

The urinary excretion of immunoglobulin light chains kappa and lambda, immunoglobulin G, transferrin, and beta-2-microglobulin was studied in 21 patients with nonimmunoglobulin-related amyloid nephropathy (secondary, type AA) associated with rheumatic disease and in 39 patients with glomerulopathy of nonamyloid origin, as well as in 22 patients with rheumatic disease without signs of nephropathy and in 15 healthy subjects. Patients with amyloidosis were found to have a higher ratio of excreted lambda/kappa light chains than patients with diabetic nephropathy or chronic glomerulonephritis. The increased lambda/kappa ratio was not dependent on the grade of proteinuria and was evident in patients with mild as well as heavy proteinuria. The ratio of lambda/kappa light chains in serum of patients with amyloidosis did not differ from that in healthy controls. The results suggest that amyloid deposition in the kidneys is associated with a selective alternation of the immunoglobulin light chain excretion in the urine.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1988

Antibodies to amyloid A protein in rheumatic diseases.

Circulating autoantibodies against amyloid A protein (AA) were demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay in 18/62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 9/27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the subset of RA patients who had developed amyloid, the frequency of antibodies to AA was lower than in those without amyloid (P less than 0.05). The antibody levels showed some variation in serial serum samples during follow-up (1-4 years) of patients with amyloidosis or SLE, but did not correlate with disease activity. In contrast to the patients with rheumatic diseases, patients with inflammatory bowel disease and acute bacterial peritonitis had antibody levels within the range of the healthy control subjects. The results show that autoantibodies to protein AA may occur in rheumatic diseases; their occurrence does not, however, identify subjects with tissue amyloid deposits. Absorption experiments suggest that the antibodies may be directed to circulating amyloid A protein.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the relationship between cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and cachexia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we studied the serum levels of endogenous cachectin/TNF in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three serum samples were obtained from 39 HIV-seropositive patients. The condition of each patient was clinically classified as either asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), or AIDS. Control sera were obtained from 29 healthy male blood donors. A double antibody radioimmunoassay was used to measure the serum levels of cachectin/TNF. RESULTS: Cachectin/TNF levels were within the reference range of the control values in all (eight of eight) asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects and in 11 of 13 of the patients with LAS. In contrast, all patients with AIDS (nine of nine) and five of nine of the patients with ARC had raised levels of cachectin/TNF. Fluctuation of the levels of cachectin/TNF occurred during follow-up, but initially raised levels remained elevated. CONCLUSION: Since cachectin/TNF suppresses lipoprotein lipase in adipocytes in vitro, and causes weight loss under experimental conditions, the findings of raised levels of cachectin/TNF in patients with AIDS may have relevance to the pathogenesis of cachexia.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Amyloid fibril protein in familial amyloidosis with cranial neuropathy and corneal lattice dystrophy (FAP type IV) is related to transthyretin.

Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the nature of the amyloid deposits in the Finnish type-familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) type IV, which is characterized by cranial neuropathy and corneal lattice dystrophy. Commercial antisera to human plasma transthyretin (prealbumin) did not stain the amyloid deposits, but in every case a positive staining was obtained with antibodies raised against transthyretin-related amyloid fibril whole protein isolated from the myocardium of a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy from the state of New York. The FAP type IV amyloid deposits stained also with antiserum to serum amyloid P component, but did not stain with antisera to retinol-binding protein, amyloid A protein, gamma-trace protein, beta 2-microglobulin, or immunoglobulin light chains. The serum level of serum transthyretin was significantly decreased in FAP type IV patients (256 +/- 75 (SD) mg/L, n = 15) as compared with Finnish control subjects (360 +/- 56 mg/L, n = 30, P less than 0.001), whereas the level of retinol-binding protein was within the normal range. The results of this study strongly suggest that the amyloid fibril protein in FAP type IV amyloidosis is related to transthyretin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Serum immunoreactive interleukin 1 in renal transplant recipients. Association of raised levels with graft rejection episodes.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used for monitoring serum interleukin 1 levels in 12 renal transplant recipients. From 10-fold to 20-fold elevations of interleukin 1 occurred in association with 10 of 12 graft rejection episodes. The interleukin 1 elevation preceded the clinical rejection diagnosis by an average of one day in transplant recipients with initially functioning grafts, and by two days in recipients with delayed onset of graft function. The results show that the release of interleukin 1 into the circulation is an early event in renal allograft rejection and demonstrate the potential utility of interleukin 1 antigenic assays in the early diagnosis of rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute phase proteins and liver allograft rejection.

We studied the sequential changes in the positive acute phase reactants orosomucoid, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein, and in the negative acute phase reactant, prealbumin, as well as in alpha 2-macroglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin in serum following orthotopic liver transplantation in nine adult patients. Synchronous increases in all five positive acute phase reactants were observed in association with acute liver rejection episodes; the elevations were statistically significant for orosomucoid and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. In four out of nine well-documented rejection episodes C-reactive protein did not increase at all. Marked variations occurred in post-transplant prealbumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels; both proteins tended to decrease 2-3 days after the rejection was diagnosed. The circulating levels of beta 2-microglobulin were raised during the post-transplant period and markedly increased in association with acute graft rejection episodes. The results demonstrate marked changes in plasma protein concentrations in association with acute liver allograft rejection episodes; the kinetics of serum acute phase reactants is very similar to that found in inflammation and tissue injury in general.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: demonstration of raised interleukin 1 beta concentrations in anaemic patients and of interleukin 1 mediated suppression of normal erythropoiesis and proliferation of human erythroleukaemia (HEL) cells in vitro.

The pathogenesis of the anaemia associated with rheumatoid disease is unclear. It has previously been shown that the degree of the anaemia correlates with the severity of the inflammatory disease and that serum from patients with arthritis inhibits erythropoiesis. This study was designed to examine whether interleukin 1 could be a mediator of the anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Radioimmunoassay of interleukin 1 beta in serum showed that patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associated anaemia had significantly higher interleukin 1 beta concentrations than patients with rheumatoid arthritis without anaemia. Pure recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta, in concentration ranges similar to those found in the arthritic patients, markedly suppressed the colony formation of the erythroid, but not the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in cultures of normal bone marrow. Natural human interleukin 1 and recombinant interleukin 1 beta, but not interleukin 1 alpha, suppressed in a dose dependent manner the proliferation of the human erythroleukaemia cell line (HEL) in cultures, suggesting that the interleukin 1 effect is a direct one. The results show that interleukin 1 is a humoral inhibitor of erythropoiesis and suggests that interleukin 1 is involved in the development of anaemia in association with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Class-specific rheumatoid factors, DR antigens, and amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Class-specific rheumatoid factors (RFs) were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 59 patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by systemic amyloidosis (RA+A), 47 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without amyloid (RA), 106 patients with other rheumatic diseases (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome), and 55 blood donors. The patients with RA+A were characterised by a high prevalence of RF negativity; the IgM RF concentration was raised in only 18 of the 59 patients (31%, p less than 0.001 v RA), the IgG RF concentration in 20 of 59 (34%, p less than 0.001 v RA), and the IgA RF concentration in 24 of 59 (41%, p less than 0.001 v RA). A higher prevalence of HLA-DR4 (p less than 0.001) and a lower prevalence of DR2 (p less than 0.05) were found among 48 tested patients with RA+A when compared with a control panel consisting of 500 blood donors. No significant differences in the prevalence of DR1-DR7 or B27 antigens were observed, however, between patients with RA with or without amyloid.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1988

Autoantibody activity of cryoglobulins and sera in systemic lupus erythematosus. Association of IgM class rheumatoid factors with Raynaud's syndrome.

A total of 218 samples obtained during a follow-up study of 36 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested for the presence of cryoglobulins. Cold-insoluble precipitates were found in 81% for the patients (29 patients, 114 samples). The protein concentration of the cryoglobulins correlated significantly with the disease activity. Autoantibody activity was determined in the dissolved cryoglobulins and in corresponding serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). IgM-RF could be demonstrated more often in the cryoglobulins than in the sera (75% vs. 14%), whereas IgA-RF were seen in 28% of both cryoglobulins and sera. Anti-ssDNA and anti-poly(A) antibodies of both IgG and IgM classes were found more often in the sera than in the corresponding cryoprecipitates. In 7 samples from 5 patients an increase in the IgG-anti-ssDNA activity was seen after DNase digestion of the cryoglobulins. Patients with Raynaud's syndrome had a significantly higher level of cryoprecipitating IgM class rheumatoid factors than other patients. There was also an association between the IgG-anti-poly(A) antibody levels in the cryoglobulins and the activity of the disease. There was no difference with regard to the composition of the cryoglobulins, between patients with nephritis and those without an overt renal disease. Thus, the presence of cryoglobulins in SLE indicates active disease, but not necessarily renal involvement. IgM rheumatoid factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of Raynaud's syndrome of SLE patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Raised serum levels of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor alpha in renal allograft rejection.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay was used for monitoring serum levels of endogenous cachectin/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in 10 renal transplant recipients. Acute allograft rejections were associated with marked elevations of circulating TNF. The peak levels of TNF (median 140 pg/ml) were in the same concentration range as previously reported in parasitic infections. The results show that the release of TNF into circulation is an early event in renal allograft rejection and that raised levels of TNF in man can also be induced by noninfectious stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunodetection of protein composition in cerebral amyloid extracts in Alzheimer's disease: enrichment of retinol-binding protein.

The protein profile of amyloid-enriched extracts from Alzheimer brain tissue was studied by enzyme immunoassay using antisera to 37 different antigens including neurofilament protein, the proteins of the prealbumin complex, immunoglobulins, light chains, and amyloid A and P components. The results demonstrate a significant enrichment of retinol-binding protein in Alzheimer brain extracts, but not in control extracts from non-Alzheimer brains or amyloid extracts from cases of amyloid A (secondary) or lambda light chain (primary) amyloidosis. The retinol-binding protein was enriched in the extracts from all four Alzheimer brains. In contrast, no enrichment of prealbumin, immunoglobulins or amyloid P component was observed. Two of the 4 different Alzheimer amyloid extracts showed significant accumulation of neurofilament protein. In addition, slightly increased amounts of free light chains were observed. The results suggest that retinol-binding protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of the amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Phosphate binding by a myeloma protein.

A patient with IgG kappa myeloma had markedly elevated serum phosphate concentrations but no clinical features of hyperphosphataemia. The hyperphosphataemia was due to a high phosphate per protein unit than normal IgG.

Aged↗