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Biomedical subjects

A M Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to A M Cooper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Expression of LPG and GP63 by different developmental stages of Leishmania major in the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi.

Development and forward migration of Leishmania parasites in the sandfly gut is accompanied by morphological transformation to highly motile, non-dividing 'metacyclic' forms. Previous studies in vitro have demonstrated that this metacyclogenesis is associated with developmentally regulated changes in expression of two major surface glycoconjugates of Leishmania, the lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and the glycoprotein protease GP63. Studies presented here are the first to examine in situ the changes in expression of these two important surface molecules which occur during amastigote-initiated development of L. major in its natural vector Phlebotomus papatasi. Immunocytochemical analysis using a GP63-specific monoclonal (3.8), and others recognizing metacyclic-specific (3F12) and common (WIC79.3) epitopes of LPG on logarithmic and metacyclic promastigotes, demonstrates: (1) clear expression of LPG and GP63 from 2 and 7 days post-bloodfeeding, respectively; (2) developmental modification of the LPG molecule as parasites undergo forward migration and morphological changes associated with metacyclogenesis; and (3) striking deposition of large amounts of parasite-free excreted LPG on/in the epithelial cells of the gut wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Paradoxical patient reactions to psychiatric life support: clinical and ethical considerations.

The authors describe cases illustrating two types of high-risk and especially difficult suicidal psychiatric inpatients. In the first case, a suicidal patient reacted to psychiatric life support measures (maximum observation) with increasingly life-threatening acting out, necessitating a difficult, seemingly paradoxical staff decision to withdraw life support. In the second, a patient felt to be improving killed herself when life support was withdrawn. The authors argue that there are clinical limits to psychiatric life support and an appropriate goal of psychiatric treatment is to maximize the chances for patient survival, rather than to attempt to guarantee such survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

P-center judgments are generally insensitive to the instructions given.

The perceptual moment of occurrence of a syllable, its P-center, has frequently been examined by instructing subjects to adjust a series of speech sounds until they sounded isochronous. The present two experiments examined the effect of changing the instructions. In addition to the overall isochrony instructions, we asked subjects to align pairs of syllables so that the syllable onsets, vowel onsets, or syllable offsets sounded isochronous. In the first experiment, 3 of 4 subjects showed no difference among the first three instruction sets, and the changes introduced by the fourth went in the wrong direction. All subjects found it impossible to make alignments with respect to offsets. In the second experiment, vowel durations of two versions of some stimuli differed by 100 ms, to enhance the difference in syllable rhyme durations. Two subjects received the same instruction sets as in Experiment 1, and again found alignment with respect to offsets impossible. These subjects showed differences among the other instruction sets, although the direction and magnitude of the differences indicated that they had not succeeded in changing their timing criteria. The results indicate that P-center alignments are the syllable timing judgments that subjects most naturally make, and they may, indeed, be the only isochrony judgments that subjects can make reliably.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Narcissism and masochism. The narcissistic-masochistic character.

Our knowledge of narcissism has advanced hugely during the past two decades. Our interest in masochism as a theoretic and clinical entity has only begun to gather momentum. Developmentally and clinically, narcissistic and masochistic pathology are so intertwined that their theoretic and clinical unraveling requires specific attention to their linkage and the predictable forms of response to interpretation. It is therefore useful to think of the narcissistic-masochistic character as a clinical entity. In this condition, pathologic narcissistic tendencies are unconscious vehicles for attaining masochistic disappointment; and masochistic injuries are an affirmation of distorted narcissistic fantasies. Consistent interpretation of these conflicts and defenses, in the usual setting of benign empathic understanding, is desirable for the treatment of these patients.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1988

Our changing views of the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis: comparing Strachey and Loewald.

A comparison of Strachey and Loewald on the nature of therapeutic action reveals a deep shift in analytic interest away from the structural point of view and toward object relational and interpersonal frames of reference. Loewald's theoretical and technical revisions are far more sweeping than is usually acknowledged, and we can better benefit from his contribution by recognizing the full extent of his originality. Loewald's work also illuminates a major challenge for contemporary psychoanalysis: the need for an integration of the now disparate languages of metapsychology and clinical process.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1987

The psychodynamic formulation: its purpose, structure, and clinical application.

The authors present a brief written psychodynamic formulation that focuses on central conflicts, anticipates transferences and resistances, and helps guide all psychiatric treatments. After placing the presenting problem in the context of the patient's life and identifying nondynamic determinants of the psychopathology, the formulation explains the development of central conflicts and their repetitive effect on the patient's behavior. It concludes by describing how these conflicts will be manifested in treatment. Three sample formulations and their application are presented to illustrate the value of this clinical tool.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Changes in psychoanalytic ideas: transference interpretation.

Interpretation of the transference is central to all psychoanalytic models. Definitions of transference and transference interpretation have changed greatly during the past half-century, influenced by major movements in philosophy, advances in psychoanalytic research and theory, and changes in our understanding of Freud. This paper suggests that historical, relatively simple, concepts of the transference as the reproduction in the present of significant relationships from the past do not adequately meet current clinical and theoretical demands. Modernist views of the transference emphasize as additional sources of transference responses, the role of the analytic background of safety, the constant modification of unconscious fantasy and internal representations, and the interactive nature of transference responses, with important interpersonal and intersubjective components. It is suggested that the evolving modernist views of transference and transference interpretation permit a fuller accounting for transference phenomena and open the way for better informed interventions. A brief discussion of the issue of psychological "truth" and "distortion" as applied to transference phenomena is presented. The themes are illustrated with clinical vignettes.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1986

Some limitations on therapeutic effectiveness: the "burnout syndrome" in psychoanalysts.

Problems of maintaining psychoanalytic therapeutic effectiveness during a professional lifetime are discussed. Psychoanalysts are subject to paradoxical emotional and characterologic demands, uncompensated by the usual gratifications available in the healing professions. Problems arising from the analyst's character and the paucity of data in the field are discussed. "Burnout" syndromes are liable to occur in those working in a setting of great emotional intensity demanding high degrees of affective awareness and control, empathy and tolerance of uncertainty. Masochistic and narcissistic forms of "burnout" syndrome are described as they occur in psychoanalysts. The profession, as well as the individual, can help to prevent these syndromes.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1985

Will neurobiology influence psychoanalysis?

Neurobiologic research has begun to elucidate brain mechanisms of affective states and behavioral patterns. Discussions of anxiety and sexual identity demonstrate how these researches lead the psychoanalyst to broader views of behaviors that were previously considered entirely psychological in origin. While introspection and extrospection are distinct realms of investigation and conceptualization, they share common boundaries and areas of interpenetration. Psychoanalytic theory is challenged to accord with newer findings in biology and to provide important questions for further research. Neurobiologic advances will continue a centuries-old process of confining the realm of psyche, but there is no danger that mind will disappear.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The relationship between syndrome and personality disorder in DSM-III: experience with 2,462 patients.

The authors studied the relationship between DSM-III axis I and axis II diagnoses in 2,462 medical center patients. Personality disorders were most commonly associated with substance use disorders and with the anxiety and somatoform disorders traditionally classified as neuroses. There was a particularly strong connection between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse. The psychotic and major affective illnesses were significantly less often associated with personality disorders. The results of this study suggest a need for refining the criteria for several DSM-III categories. Overall, the separate personality disorder axis in the DSM-III system provides information not contained with the syndromal classification alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The use of a volumetric infusion pump for the intra-arterial infusion of drugs.

Volumetric infusion pumps are widely used for intravenous infusions. We have extended their use to the intra-arterial infusion of drugs. An in vitro evaluation of the performance of such devices, under experimental conditions comparable to an intra-arterial infusion, was carried out. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of volumetric infusion pumps for intra-arterial infusions. The system was found to be safe, reliable and simple in clinical practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Psychoanalysis at one hundred: beginnings of maturity.

We are celebrating a most significant birthday. Whether we reckon our age at one hundred or ninety, it is a time of professional maturation, an occasion for enormous pride in the achievement of psychoanalysis. That achievement was made under special circumstances, which have given a unique shape to our enterprise. But as we achieve maturity, we have begun to change in new and not entirely predictable ways, which call for new perceptions, the development of new attitudes, and the creation of new structures for our functioning. A new form of educational institution deserves our most urgent attention. It is predictable that the pace of change will quicken . It is part of our psychoanalytic heritage that we show the courage to face new realities and to find new adaptations which will insure the recruitment of bright young minds, the continuing advance of psychoanalysis, and our growing contribution to human welfare. I am optimistic for our future.

Austria↗