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Biomedical subjects

A Leinonen

Publications and source records attributed to A Leinonen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected in 77 patients among 16 488 abdominal ultrasonographies (US) performed in 1978-1983. In 62 cases the US finding was confirmed by operation, autopsy or other imaging method, and the US finding proved true in 60 cases. The length and diameter were accurately estimated and accompanying thrombosis reliably visualised. An error rate of 24% was observed in assessing the relation of the aneurysm to the renal arteries. US is recommended as the primary imaging mode in suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm. Screening of the abdominal aorta is recommended in elderly patients with abdominal pain and/or referred for abdominal US.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Angiographic diagnosis at gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

The position of angiography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage is discussed on the basis of a series of 37 patients. In this series, there were angiographic signs of bleeding in 13 cases (35%). The largest group consisted of angiodysplasias. In 24 cases, angiography revealed no signs of bleeding. The cause of symptoms was discovered later in 17 of these cases. Hemorrhagic gastritis and ventricular ulcer were the main causes of bleeding in the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonography, arteriography and CT in the diagnosis of renal carcinoma.

The material consists of 130 renal carcinomas diagnosed and histologically verified in 1978-1983, of which 124 were examined ultrasonographically (US), 122 arteriographically and 39 with computed tomography (CT). Of these renal carcinomas, 10 were detected as random findings in US. The US examination detected or gave suspicion of carcinoma in 94% of the cases, arteriography in 98% and CT in 95%. US was generally performed as a primary examination, and the US finding was often known at the time of arteriography and CT. Being noninvasive, US is a suitable primary examination in cases where renal carcinoma is suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonography, computed tomography and arteriography in the evaluation of the local spreading of malignant renal neoplasm.

In a series of 32 operated renal carcinoma patients, the ability of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and arteriography to demonstrate the local spreading of renal carcinoma was investigated. Operation showed that 23 of the renal carcinomas were local. Nine carcinomas had spread locally. CT was the most sensitive indicator of local spreading (particularly perirenal extension). CT examinations, however, also gave most of the false positive findings. The number of false negative findings was highest in the US group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hyperechogenic renal tumours.

58 hyperechogenic renal tumours from the years 1978-1983 were studied to elucidate whether it would be possible to discriminate between malignant and benign tumours with the aid of echo strength and homogeneity. 42 tumours were malignant (renal carcinomas) and 16 benign (15 angiomyolipomas and one hemangioma). 5% of the malignant tumours were highly echogenic (the echo strength equal to or higher than that of sinusal area) and 95% moderately echogenic ( echostrength higher than that of parenchyma and lower than that of sinusal area), and 12% had homogeneous and 88% nonhomogeneous echo pattern. 75% of the benign tumours were highly and 25% moderately echogenic, while 94% were homogeneous and 6% nonhomogeneous. It is not possible to differentiate with absolute reliability between malignant and benign hyperechogenic renal tumours on the basis of the ultrasonographic finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands.

Nine patients suspected of having parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia on the basis of laboratory tests were examined by semiselective venous sampling for parathyroid hormone after unsuccessful neck explorations. Two pathologic parathyroid glands were found at re-operation. Only one was suspected preoperatively on the basis of venous sampling. Twenty patients suspected of having parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia on the basis of the laboratory tests were examined by real-time sonography. Twelve adenomas and ten hyperplastic glands were found at operation. All the adenomas and hyperplastic parathyroid glands were preoperatively discovered with ultrasonography, but there were also three false-positive findings.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal midline scars.

The heterotopic bone formation may occur in vertical upper abdominal midline scars. Fifteen such patients are reported. They all had annoying pressure symptoms and seven of them were operated due to the symptoms. The excised bone formation was located between the fascia and peritoneum fixed to the fascia. The ossification of the upper midline abdominal scar seems to be ten times more common in men than in women. The bone formation of the scar may cause problems in differential diagnosis, especially in the early phase of calcification. The radiological diagnosis is usually easy, either by plain roentgenography or if oblique views of the abdomen are taken.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic imaging of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver developing during nitrofurantoin therapy.

An asymptomatic palpable liver tumor developed in a six-year-old girl seven months after commencement of prophylactic nitrofurantoin therapy for recurrent urinary tract infections. The tumor was examined by 99mTc colloid radionuclide scan, compound ultrasonography and angiography. Ultrasonography demonstrated a large, solid tumor (5 x 5 x 8 cm) in the right lobe of the liver which had an echogenic central core surrounded by an area giving low-amplitude echoes. Angiography disclosed that the tumor was well demarcated and hypervascular, containing large tortuous arteries. The uptake of radionuclide in the tumor was normal. The tumor was resected and the pathological findings were typical for focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver. The combination of the findings of these three diagnostic imaging methods is probably specific for uncomplicated FNH, a benign and innocuous tumor of the liver.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasound and computed tomography of small asymptomatic haemangiomas of the liver.

Gray-scale ultrasound examinations were performed in 13 patients with 18 small asymptomatic haemangiomas of the liver and computed tomography in 10 of these patients. Different types of ultrasound images were found. One of them appeared as a well-demarcated area of increased echoes with an echo-free halo consisting of vessels, is probably characteristic for haemangioma. The other types of images are considered non-specific. The native CT scans demonstrated a well-demarcated spherical area with low attenuation in 8 cases and an area with attenuation similar to the liver in 4. After contrast medium injection, areas with lower attenuation were found in 7 cases, with irregular accumulation of contrast medium in the periphery in 4, and with distinct vessels in the periphery in one case, 2 haemangiomas had the same attenuation as the liver parenchyma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The sonographic images of hypernephromas.

The sonographic images of hypernephromas were examined in 46 histologically confirmed cases. The echogenicity of hypernephromas can be higher, equal or lower that of renal cortex. There is no significant correlation between echogenicity and macroscopic vascularity. The infiltration of a tumour cannot be estimated with certainty using sonography. Acoustic enhancement can also be seen behind hypernephromas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The diagnostic accuracy of gray-scale ultrasonography compared with ERP and arteriography in the detection of pancreatic carcinoma.

Forty patients who underwent ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), and selective arteriography examinations and who had a finding of or were suspected of having pancreatic carcinoma in one or several of these examinations form the basis of the study. Nineteen pancreatic carcinomas were verified at operation. Eighteen of these could be detected with ERP, 18 with arteriography, and 15 with sonography. ERP had no, arteriography one and sonography one false-negative finding. All methods had difficulties in distinguishing carcinoma from other pancreatic diseases, and therefore there were many false-positive findings.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

Acquired tracheobronchomalacia. A cineradiographic study with bronchologicl correlations.

Forty-seven patients in whom acquired tracheobronchomalacia had been diagnosed by bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia were examined by cineradiography. In the 36 cases subjected to rebrochoscopy the cineradiographic and bronchoscopic findings were compared. Tracheal malacia could be readily visualized by cineradiography without contrast medium, and the changes were seen to correspond to the bronchoscopic findings. Malacia was graded by cineradiography as mild in 17 (47%) moderate in 12 (33.5%) and severe in 7 (19.5%) and by bronchoscopy in 10 (28%), 15 (41.5%) and 11 (30.5%) cases respectively. Cineradiography without contrast medium proved to be an easy and quick examination which imposed little strain on the patient. It is thus very suitable as a primary examination, especially for patients in poor condition. When malacia at the bronchial level is suspected, bronchoscopy is advisable.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional differences of substrate oxidation capacity in rat hearts: effects of extra load and endurance training.

Male rats, aged 17 weeks at the end of experiments, were divided into four groups. Two groups lived in normal cage conditions with or without extra load (20% of the body weight) and two groups were trained by running with or without extra load for 8 weeks. Oxidation rates of succinate, glutamate + malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and pyruvate, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in homogenates of the right ventricle and in those of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the left ventricle. Oxidation rates of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine tended to be higher in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium of sedentary control animals (p less than 0.1 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Transmural differences of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation rates were even more clear after running training (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively), after carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and after training carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Training also enhanced pyruvate oxidation rate in the subendocardium. Oxidation rates of all substrates were lower in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle. In control animals there were no regional differences in the myocardial enzyme activities and the training- or extra-load-induced changes were modest compared with the changes in the oxidation rates. The most significant change was the training-induced enhancement in the lactate dehydrogenase activity of the subendocardium (p less than 0.001 vs subepicardium). These results show greater subendocardial than subepicardial oxidation rates of certain substrates in the normal heart. These results also suggest that the myocardium adapts to increased work by increasing the subendocardial oxidation rate of some but not all substrates, indicating further that there may be qualitative mitochondrial differences in the different regions of the heart.

Animals↗