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Biomedical subjects

A Leinonen

Publications and source records attributed to A Leinonen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Long-term outcome after renovascular surgery. Comparison between thoracoretroperitoneal/saphenous vein and transabdominal/Dacron prosthesis bypass grafting.

The outcomes of 16 patients operated on for renovascular hypertension (RH) are analyzed. Eight had undergone surgery by the thoracoretroperitoneal approach with saphenous vein bypass grafting, and 8 by the transabdominal approach with a Dacron prosthesis. Distinct differences in favour of the former group were found after an average of 6 years of follow-up.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin C in hepatic neoplasms.

The results of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with Mitomycin C (SIAC) in cases of hepatic neoplasms continue to be poor. Survival time was related to the percentage of hepatic replacement (PHR) but only 19% of the patients with Stage I tumours (PHR < 25%) survived for over 5 years and all the others died within 4 years. The patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer achieved a significantly better cumulative 5-year survival figure than those with hepatocellular cancer (P < 0.05). The median survival times for patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer and gallbladder cancer were 15 months, 6 months and 13 months, respectively. The overall response rate was only 27% (26/97), that for primary liver cancer 20% (7/35), that for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer 22% (8/37) and that for gallbladder cancer 44% (11/25) and the patients who responded to SIAC (n = 27) had a significantly better cumulative 5-year survival rate (P < 0.005). Cessation of SIAC was necessary in 74% (72/97) of the cases, because of tumour progression in 53% (51/97), major complications in 19% (18/97) and patient refusal in 3% (3/97). The results of this trial may be regarded as disappointing, and we are going to use SIAC for Stage I tumours only. Resection of the tumour continues to provide the only chance of a permanent cure with these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Complete amino acid sequence of the human alpha 5 (IV) collagen chain and identification of a single-base mutation in exon 23 converting glycine 521 in the collagenous domain to cysteine in an Alport syndrome patient.

We have generated and characterized cDNA clones providing the complete amino acid sequence of the human type IV collagen chain whose gene has been shown to be mutated in X chromosome-linked Alport syndrome. The entire translation product has 1,685 amino acid residues. There is a 26-residue signal peptide, a 1,430-residue collagenous domain starting with a 14-residue noncollagenous sequence, and a Gly-Xaa-Yaa-repeat sequence interrupted at 22 locations, and a 229-residue carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain. The calculated molecular weight of the mature alpha 5(IV) chain is 158,303. Analysis of genomic DNA from members of a kindred with Alport syndrome revealed a new HindIII cleavage site within the coding sequence of one of the cDNA clones characterized. The proband had a new 1.25-kilobase HindIII fragment and a lack of a 1.35-kilobase fragment, and his mildly affected female cousin had both alleles. The mutation which was located to exon 23 was sequenced from a polymerase chain reaction-amplified product, and shown to be a G----T change in the coding strand. The mutation changed the GGT codon of glycine 521 to cysteine. The same mutation was found in one allele of the female cousin. The results were confirmed by allele-specific hybridization analyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Muscle enzyme adaptations to added load during training and nontraining hours in rats.

The effects of added load (20% of body mass) on the selected enzyme activities of red and white quadriceps femoris (QF), soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles of rats were studied. The rats were divided into sedentary control (SC), sedentary control with added load (SC+AL), endurance training (ET), and endurance training with added load (ET+AL) groups (n = 10 rats/group). After 6 wk, the SC+AL group had 57% higher (P less than 0.001) beta-glucuronidase (beta-GU) activity and 24% lower (P less than 0.05) citrate synthase activity in white QF than SC. Citrate synthase activity was also decreased in red QF (P less than 0.05) after the added load was used during nontraining hours. The training with added load induced similar but more pronounced changes than normal endurance training, especially in white QF. The ET+AL group demonstrated higher citrate synthase activity in white QF (P less than 0.001) and gastrocnemius (P less than 0.01) and higher malate dehydrogenase activity (P less than 0.05) and beta-GU activity (P less than 0.001) in white QF than the ET group. ET+AL rats also had higher phosphofructokinase (P less than 0.01) and lower creatine kinase (P less than 0.001) activity in white QF than ET rats. In conclusion, the added load without training had minor adaptive influences on muscles. The added load during training hours seemed to be an effective means of influencing the activation and adaptation in muscles that contain fast glycolytic fibers.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous aspiration and alcohol sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts. An alternative to surgical intervention.

Eight patients with 15 symptomatic nonneoplastic congenital hepatic cysts underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration and temporary injection of 99% ethanol into the cyst. All cysts were treated at least twice at the same sitting. The volume of alcohol injected varied from 20 to 100 ml, depending on the size of the cyst. A cure was usually achieved with one alcohol sclerotherapy treatment. Only minor side effects such as transient pain and temperature elevation occurred. No recurrences were found during a follow-up period of 12 to 32 months. The results indicate that aspiration and alcohol sclerotherapy is a feasible alternative to surgical intervention in patients with symptomatic nonneoplastic congenital hepatic cysts. We recommend it as the treatment of choice in cases with high surgical risk or polycystic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin C in liver and gallbladder cancer.

This phase 2 study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin C (SIAC) in patients with liver and gallbladder cancer and compare them to hepatic artery ligation (HAL) and regional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Survival time was related to the percent hepatic replacement (PHR) of the tumour (P less than 0.01) in all patients. SIAC had no advantage over HAL +/- 5-FU as chemotherapy regimen for unresectable liver cancer. The overall response rate of SIAC was 42% (15/36), 27% (3/11) for primary liver cancer, 40% (8/20) for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer and 60% (3/5) for carcinoma of the gallbladder. The patients who responded to SIAC survived significantly longer (P less than 0.005). The survival rate for responders at 1 year was 68% and for non-responders 26%. Chemotherapy toxicity after SIAC occurred in 16 (44%) patients requiring cessation of therapy in 6 (16%) patients. We conclude that the results of this phase 2 clinical trial were not encouraging. There is an urgent need for reliable means of predicting tumour response to chemotherapy and for a more careful patient selection.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery.

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery is not well known in Scandinavia. Several hundred cases have been reported world-wide, but none from Finland. We presume the annual incidence in Finland to be at least 20-30 cases, nearly all of which remain undiagnosed. Our experience of 12 cases indicates that the typical patient is a middle-aged man who after strenuous physical exertion suffers a transient ischemic attack or progressing stroke. Manifestations may include ipsilateral incomplete Horner's syndrome and facial or cervical pain. The diagnosis is based on angiography and verified from repeat angiograms. The most typical finding is an extracranial stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Irregular expansion, double lumen and aneurysmal dilation are also fairly common. The stenotic area usually recanalizes in a few months. Nonsurgical management is recommended. Prompt diagnosis and adequate heparinization with simultaneous start of oral anticoagulation seem to give the best final result.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral isolated internal iliac aneurysms presenting as pelvic tumours.

A case of a bilateral isolated internal iliac aneurysm is presented. A male patient of 74 years of age had a sudden attack of pain in the right lower abdomen. A superficial haematoma was the only finding at primary ultrasonography (US), while seven weeks later a control US visualised a pelvic expansion, but the aetiology was not recognised. The CT finding was pathognomonic for an aneurysm, the diagnosis being "bilateral iliac aneurysms". Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) defined the aneurysms as existing in the internal iliac arteries.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Embolization of renal carcinoma. Comparison between the early results of Gelfoam and absolute ethanol embolization.

In a series 49 embolizations of 30 renal carcinomas, of which 21 were later nephrectomized, the early results of embolization with Gelfoam or absolute ethanol were compared. Embolization with absolute ethanol, using Citanest renal anaesthesia and a balloon occlusion catheter was significantly (p less than 0.001) more effective, and also caused significantly (p less than 0.05) less nausea or vomiting and almost significantly (p less than 0.10) less pain, compared with Gelfoam embolization.

Aged↗