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Biomedical subjects

A Lal

Publications and source records attributed to A Lal.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Adverse reactions to propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent in hypertensive patients--a collaborative study.

Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, although prescribed frequently, has not been monitored for its adverse reactions in Indian population. A collaborative ADR monitoring study was planned in 2661 hypertensive patients. Exclusion criteria were associated circulatory insufficiency, heart block, left ventricular failure, diabetic mellitus and airway obstruction. The incidence of ADR was 2.1%, which is lower than reported incidence of 8.7 to 43.7 percent in other studies. This could be attributed to improper selection of patients, differences in methodology of monitoring, or to racial variation. In the present study ADR of fatigue (1.1%), dizziness (0.4%) and headache (0.2%) constituted the bulk. Additional reaction of pain in chest (0.2%), heart block (0.1%), hypoglycemia (0.1%), loss of libido (0.1%) and shock (0.03%), were also observed.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

Failure to reduce experimental myocardial infarct size with ibuprofen pre-treatment in rats.

The prophylactic role of ibuprofen in experimental myocardial infarction has not been reported. Twenty-four rats pre-treated with ibuprofen (30 mg/kg), po, for 21 days were subjected to myocardial infarction by administration of isoprenaline hydrochloride (85 mg/kg), sc, on two consecutive days. An equal number of rats were given saline to serve as control. Heart specimens were taken for macroscopic and microscopic examination after 1 day, 5 days, 12 days and 21 days, following myocardial infarction. Ibuprofen pre-treatment caused a significant increase in infarct size at all the intervals studied (P less than 0.01), indicating that ibuprofen exerted a harmful effect in increasing the size of experimental myocardial infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasonography versus roentgenography in suspected cases of cholecystolithiasis.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the relative merits of ultrasonography and roentgenography in 50 cases of suspected cholecystolithiasis. The accuracy rate with roentgenography (plain X-ray abd, OCG and IVC) in the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis was 92.5% where as it was 95% with ultrasonography. Oral cholecystography should be done in patients with normal ultrasound examination if the symptoms are strongly suggestive of cholecystolithiasis.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Reduction of experimental myocardial infarct size by pre-treatment with magnesium sulfate in rats.

Experimental myocardial infarction was induced in albino rats by administration of isoprenaline hydrochloride, 85 mg/kg, sc, daily for two consecutive days. Such rats were pretreated with either saline or magnesium sulfate (60 mg/kg) po, daily for three weeks, to serve as control or treated groups respectively. Heart specimens were taken for gross and histological examination at 24 hr, on 5th day, 12th day and 21st day. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the magnesium-treated group (P less than 0.05). We conclude that magnesium sulfate exerted a potent prophylactic effect in limiting infarct size in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of fatty diet on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a liquid theophylline preparation in volunteers.

The effect of a standard breakfast and a fatty breakfast on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a theophylline liquid preparation (160 mg-single dose) was examined in 6 healthy, non-smoking male volunteers. The plasma theophylline concentrations after both standard and fatty diet were found to be comparable at each point of time and pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, T1/2a, T1/2 beta and AUC0-alpha, were also comparable. However, the time taken to attain the therapeutic plasma concentration was earlier and sustained along with the standard breakfast in comparison to that with fatty breakfast. Peak change in PEFR and pulse rate was also observed earlier with the standard diet than with fatty diet. The plasma theophylline concentrations produced after both diets were insufficient to produce any detectable change in subjective symptoms like tremor palpitation, heart burn, nausea, restlessness and tenseness. However, theophylline after fatty breakfast was better tolerated than that after a standard breakfast.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of zinc sulphate on infarct size in experimental myocardial infarction in dogs.

The effect of zinc sulphate on myocardial infarct size following left coronary artery branch occlusion in dogs was studied. Zinc sulphate (10 mg/kg) was administered po, 24 h and 2 h before coronary occlusion in one group of animals. The area at risk was visualised by methylene blue injected intraventricularly. The infarcted area was visualised by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The infarct size expressed as a percentage of risk zone was 76.54 +/- 3.01 per cent (mean +/- SE) in the control group and 37.96 +/- 2.20 per cent in the zinc sulphate group (P less than 0.001). Zinc sulphate appears to be a potent prophylactic agent for limiting the size of myocardial infarct in the dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Limitation of experimental myocardial infarct size by magnesium sulfate pre-treatment in dogs.

The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of magnesium sulfate (30 mg/kg, iv, 24 hr and 2 hr prior) to limit myocardial infarct size following permanent left coronary artery occlusion in adult mongrel dogs. Non-perfused myocardium which is the area at risk was visualised by injecting methylene blue intraatrially, 24 hr after coronary artery occlusion. The infarcted myocardium was visualised by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Infarct size (expressed as % of the risk zone) was significantly reduced in the treatment group (P less than 0.001). We conclude that magnesium sulfate exerted a potent prophylactic effect in limiting the infarct size in the dogs with permanent coronary artery occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Use of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist (leuprorelin) in advanced post-menopausal breast cancer: clinical and endocrine effects.

Fifteen post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with the LH-RH agonist leuprorelin (D-leu6-des-gly10-Gn-RH-ethylamide) given in a dosage of 7.5 mg as a monthly subcutaneous depot injection, to assess the clinical activity and endocrine response to treatment. None of the 15 patients showed an objective response to treatment, although four patients had stable disease for at least 6 months. No toxicity was demonstrated. Endocrine effects after 4 weeks' treatment were as follows: mean levels of serum gonadotrophins fell to 10% of their pretreatment values; there were no significant changes in the levels of prolactin on treatment; there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum testosterone in 12 out of 14 patients; there were no significant changes in the levels of oestradiol, androstenedione and oestrone. The lowering of serum testosterone suggests that androgens in post-menopausal women may be partly produced by the ovaries, stimulated by LH and FSH. This fall in testosterone may explain why some post-menopausal breast cancer patients in other studies have been reported to respond to treatment with LH-RH agonists, as it would decrease the substrate for the peripheral synthesis of oestrogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Suppression of postmenopausal ovarian steroidogenesis with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist goserelin.

Twenty-one postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with monthly 3.6-mg sc injections of the LHRH agonist goserelin [D-Ser-(But)6, Azgly10-LHRH] to determine whether the resultant endocrine changes could provide an explanation for the clinical responses that occur during therapy with this agent. After 4 weeks, serum gonadotropin levels were less than 10% of pretreatment levels, whereas serum PRL levels did not change. A significant decrease in serum testosterone occurred in 19 of 20 patients; this fall was associated with a 22% fall in serum estradiol levels. Serum androstenedione levels also decreased, but serum estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels did not. The lack of fall in serum DHAS levels indicates that the changes in androgen levels were a result of reduced ovarian secretion, and the reduced estradiol levels were a consequence of reduced precursor (i.e. testosterone) availability. The continued dependence of ovarian androgen secretion on gonadotropin stimulation after the menopause may explain the responses of some patients to LHRH agonists and some other therapeutic agents of unknown or uncertain modes of action.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The effects of low and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate on sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

The possibility that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is clinically effective at least in part by its suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis and a resultant reduction of circulating oestrogen levels was investigated in 49 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Thirty-one patients were treated with low dose MPA (100 mg three times daily) and 16 patients with high dose MPA (250 mg four times daily). Plasma levels of androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol were all significantly reduced during treatment, with the suppression being most marked for the 17 beta hydroxysteroids, testosterone and oestradiol. The fall in oestradiol levels was to about 50% of pretreatment levels, but a concomitant fall in SHBG levels to less than 25% of baseline probably resulted in the fall in free, biologically active oestradiol being only to about 70-80% of pretreatment. It is unlikely that this is a major determinant of the activity of MPA in breast cancer.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1986

Detection of glycocalyx of the pancreatic acinar cells in rats by intraductal injections of different markers into the pancreatic duct system.

The glycocalyx of the pancreatic acinar cells might play a role in the pathogenesis of ductally induced pancreatitis. The detection of luminar glycocalyx of pancreatic acinar and ductular cells succeeded by injections of different markers, such as ruthenium red, lanthanum hydroxide, tannic acid, colloidal iron or ferritin in the pancreatic duct system. The markers enter also the interstitium by local ruptures in the junctional complexes and cause a contrastation of basolateral glycocalyx as well as the basal lamina and of collagen fibres. There were differences between the apical and basolateral glycocalyx that are discussed with supposed differences of physicochemical properties and of different composition of carbohydrates as well as of specialized functions of membrane compartments.

Animals↗