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Biomedical subjects

A Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kumar.

At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype in seven lymphoid compartments after thermal injury.

Thermal injury is associated with dysfunction of host defense systems. The present study used flow cytometric immunofluorescence analyses to investigate changes in number and phenotype of lymphocytes in seven different lymphoid compartments at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 60 days after 50% total body-surface area thermal injury in the rat. Relative to sham-injured control rats, at postburn day 2, significant lymphopenia was observed in the peripheral blood along with depletion of lymphocytes from the spleen and thymus. By day 6 after injury, lymphocytes in the bone marrow and cervical lymph nodes decreased significantly while numbers in the spleen and thymus remained depressed. Splenic and cervical node lymphocyte numbers normalized by day 12, the bone marrow and thymus numbers still were significantly lower than control, and a 6.5-fold increase in number of lymphocytes was observed in the nodes draining the burn wound, pooled axillary, brachial, inguinal, and lumbar lymph nodes. At day 24 after injury, the thymus and bone marrow virtually were depleted of lymphocytes, the mesenteric lymph nodes manifested a significant decrease, and lymphocytes in the nodes draining the burn wound continued to increase in number. This same pattern was maintained on day 48, but numbers of lymphocytes in the mesenteric nodes normalized. At day 60 after injury, lymphocyte numbers in all tissues were normalized, but the spleen and nodes draining the burn wound where increased numbers compared to control persisted. Cell-surface phenotyping was performed on all lymphoid tissues at all time intervals to determine the percentages of lymphocytes comprising the following subsets: Ia+ cells (B cells and activated T cells), T cells, T-Helper/Inducer cells (T-H/I), and T-Suppressor/Cytotoxic (T-S/C) cells. Although changes in lymphocyte subset percentages were complex, they could be divided grossly into two phases. First, all compartments showed significant phenotypic changes in the first six days after burn. With the exception of the nodes draining the burn wound and the blood, this was followed by a return towards normal on day 12. The second phase then ensued with significant phenotypic changes again occurring in most tissues from days 24 to 60 after injury. These studies demonstrate that burn injury results in dramatic alterations in lymphocyte numbers and subset percentages in different lymphoid compartments. Immune alterations observed following thermal injury may be due, in part, to a redistribution of the cellular elements responsible for generation of the immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Single dose kinetic study of the triple combination mefloquine/sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (Fansimef) in healthy male volunteers.

A single dose pharmacokinetic study of a combined antimalarial formulation of mefloquine, sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine (Fansimef) has been performed in 10 healthy adult male Malaysian volunteers. The dose consisted of two tablets containing 250 mg mefloquine base, 500 mg sulphadoxine base and 25 mg pyrimethamine base each. Plasma concentrations of mefloquine and pyrimethamine were measured by GC-ECD, those of sulphadoxine by h.p.l.c. Time to peak concentrations (mean +/- s.d. for mefloquine (5.70 +/- 0.95 h), sulphadoxine (3.75 +/- 2.03 h) and pyrimethamine (3.30 +/- 1.98 h) were similar to those observed by others after administration of the single compounds. This was also true for elimination half-lives (t1/2). The t1/2s for mefloquine, sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine were 387 +/- 98 h, 255 +/- 61 h and 114 +/- 42 h, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simple office methods to predict ovulation: the clinical usefulness of a new urine luteinizing hormone kit compared to basal body temperature, cervical mucus and ultrasound.

A new urine luteinizing hormone (LH) kit, First Response (Tambrands Inc., Palmer, MA) was compared with basal body temperature (BBT), cervical mucus scoring and abdominal ultrasound follicular scanning in their ability to predict ovulation to within 2 days of the serum LH peak. BBT was kept daily. From day 10 daily ultrasound scanning and cervical mucus examination were performed and serum oestradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone and progesterone were assayed. First Response was significantly more accurate than BBT and cervical mucus when compared in their ability to predict ovulation to within 2 days of the LH peak (p less than 0.05). First Response pinpointed 93% (27/29) of the ovulatory cycles compared to 72% (18/25) and 61% (19/31) for BBT and cervical mucus respectively. It was better but not significantly so against abdominal ultrasound which predicted 77% (24/31). The implications of this finding and the value of the other simple office tests in clinical practice are discussed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

Effects of antibodies against chicken riboflavin carrier protein on fetal hepatic cell ultrastructure.

Day 12 pregnant mice administered antibodies to cRCP exhibited riboflavin deprival, which resulted in progressive alteration in the fetal hepatic cell structure, which eventually led to fetal wastage and termination of pregnancy. These changes were evident as early as 1 h following antiserum treatment. Three hours following treatment, other degenerative changes such as disorganization of glycogen particles and endoplasmic reticulum and degranulation of mitochondria were observed. Nuclear pycnosis, and increased myelin figures, accumulation of lysosomes, all indicative of autolytic changes, occurred 6 h following treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Gene frequencies in natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila nasuta.

Gene arrangement frequencies of different chromosome types of three inversions, IIL-2, III-35 and III-2 are reported in some natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila nasuta. In general, the frequencies of inversion heterozygotes for these inversions are in excess of what is expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both natural and laboratory populations. This suggests that these inversion heterozygotes are heterotic to the species as far as viability is concerned. Similar to what occurs in the cosmopolitan species, chromosomes with standard gene sequences are more frequent than inverted gene sequences in this species. The scarcity of inversion homozygotes is due to reduced viability of their carriers, which probably have lethal or sublethal combinations of alleles in the inverted sections of their chromosomes. Further, the inversion frequencies in laboratory populations follow the frequencies in natural populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of multiple antimicrobial combinations against Pseudomonas cepacia isolates.

For 16 isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia from patients with cystic fibrosis, synergism was determined by the killing curve method, utilizing various combinations of antibiotics [ticarcillin (Ti), rifampin (Ri), tobramycin (To), imipenem (Im), ofloxacin (Of), polymyxin B (PB), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (S x T)]. All 16 isolates were resistant to Ti, To, Ri, and PB; 11 were sensitive to S x T, 13 were sensitive to Im, and 2 were sensitive to Of. The combination of Im/Ri was synergistic for 8 isolates. Several combinations (Ti/Ri/Im), (Ti/Im/To), (Ri/Im/To) also demonstrated synergism for these 8 isolates. The Im/Ri combination did not demonstrate synergism against the other 8 isolates. The Ti/Im/To combination was synergistic for 6 of these. The Ri/Im/To combination was synergistic for 5 and the Ti/Im/Ri combination was synergistic for 3. Synergism could also be demonstrated with several 4-drug combinations. This study suggests that multi-drug combinations may have a role in the treatment of P. cepacia infections if proven in clinical studies.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Typhoid fever. Unusual hepatic manifestations.

Four cases of typhoid fever with unusual hepatic manifestations are described. Two cases had hepatitis and two had hepatic abscess. These complications are documented for the first time in the pediatric age group. Awareness of these rare manifestations may be helpful in avoiding unnecessary morbidity and mortality.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Cimetidine in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia: results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 56 patients with essential dyspepsia to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of cimetidine in providing symptomatic relief. Patients received either 1 tablet of cimetidine (400 mg) or identical looking placebo twice daily for a period of 4 weeks. A detailed symptomatic assessment was made at weekly intervals. Abdominal pain, the primary symptom, was relieved in a higher proportion of cimetidine-treated patients compared to placebo group (67% versus 40%, p less than 0.05). Most of the secondary gastro-intestinal symptoms also improved in a higher proportion of patients in the cimetidine group although the difference was statistically not significant. The outcome of treatment was not influenced by factors such as duration of disease, initial severity of pain and smoking habits of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

District health and hospitals: a system and concept to achieve health for all.

India has pledged for "health for all" goals and objectives, agreeing to adopt the vehicle of primary health care to this end. However, till the mid eighties, a lot of emphasis was given to the hospitals under national health policies resulting in the relative segregation of these two approaches. This paper discusses the role of district hospitals as the common link between these two systems and gives a model and concept to unify them.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1989

Effect of variable doses of aspirin on platelet functions.

Serial platelet functions were studied after various single doses of aspirin (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg) in 20 males. Clotting time and platelet counts remained unchanged. Significant deaggregation of platelets occurred only with 600 mg of aspirin. This persisted on day '3'. Platelet factor-3 release time was prolonged till day '3' with only 150 mg and 600 mg doses of aspirin. In view of these findings it appears that 600 mg aspirin given every 4th day is more suited for significant antiplatelet effect.

Aspirin↗