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Biomedical subjects

A K House

Publications and source records attributed to A K House.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immune response to storage-induced injury in non-ischaemic renal autografts.

Graft sensitization was measured in dogs receiving autotransplants of perfused, flushed or hypothermically preserved kidneys. Five kidney treatments were studied: (1) continuous pulsatile perfusion with Ross solution for 24 h; (2) flush with Ross solution followed by 24h cold storage; (3) removal and immediate reimplantation; (4) flush with Ross solution and immediate reimplantation; (5) cool and immediate reimplantation. Continuous perfusion resulted in a lower mean creatinine (measured over the first five days after transplant) than did flushing followed by cold storage (P less than 0.001). Creatinines were lower in the groups in which kidneys were not stored (regardless of treatment) than in the stored groups (P less than 0.001). Dogs were said to be immune if their leucocytes were inhibited by nephrectomy kidney antigen in the leucocyte migration inhibition assay [LMI]. Immune dogs had a higher mean creatinine than non-immune animals (P less than 0.05). All autografts were examined for deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 at post-mortem by tissue immunofluorescence [IF]. Positive immune responses (LMI or IF) were seen more often in dogs receiving long preserved grafts than in those receiving immediate graft implantation (P less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immune capability of rats with colorectal carcinoma treated by resection with or without 5-fluorouracil or levamisole.

The immune status of rats with chemically induced colorectal tumors was investigated for 8 weeks following treatment by resection, resection plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and resection plus levamisole. Normal rats without tumors were given identical treatment and acted as controls. Tumor rats regained their ability to respond to an allograft of allogeneic lymphocytes after surgical excision of the tumor for a short period. Adjuvant Levamisole treatment enhanced this responsiveness, but adjuvant 5-FU depressed it. The spleen and lymph node cells of tumor-bearing rats showed greater spontaneous and PHA-induced cytotoxicity for chicken red blood cells than control rats (P less than 0.001), and adjuvant therapy did not alter this response. However in control animals, levamisole treatment did augment the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of their spleen and lymph node cells. Rats receiving tumor resection alone were immune by leukocyte migration inhibition at 8 weeks only, while those receiving either adjuvant exhibited an immune response to the same homogenate for 4 and 8 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of cessation of smoking on the accumulative survival rates of patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease.

A study of the accumulative survival rates of 133 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease was carried out comparing the survival rates of tobacco smokers and non-smokers. Within the smoking group, those who continued to smoke after the surgery were compared to those who ceased smoking. Of these patients with peripheral vascular disease, 86% were, or had been, smokers. Their survival rates were less than for those who had never been smokers. Of the smoking group, those who claimed to have ceased smoking had almost twice the chance of surviving five years than those who continued to smoke. From these data, we conclude that it is never too late to stop the smoking habit.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Clinical and in vivo response following surgery or surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy for colorectal carcinoma in a rat model.

Two cohorts of rats, 240 with colon cancer and 150 controls, were assessed clinically and immunologically for their response to tumour and its management which was either by surgical excision alone or by surgical excision combined with either adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The histology and invasion characteristics were observed for similarity with those of human lesions. Metastases were found in liver, lymph nodes, the peritoneum or lungs in 27% of animals during follow up. Significantly fewer adjuvant-treated rats had metastases than those receiving surgery alone (P less than 0.05), and less total tumour weight was found in the adjuvant-treated rats at four (P less than 0.03) and six (P less than 0.001) weeks postoperatively. Animals in the adjuvant immunotherapy group survived longer than in either other group (P less than 0.001). The crude parameters of host response to tumour, body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight were recorded and the latter two indexed to body weight. The body weight of tumour and control rats increased significantly with time (P less than 0.04). The spleen and mesenteric node indices were significantly (P less than 0.04) greater in tumour than control rats and were varied by recurrent tumour growth and by the adjuvant treatment administered postoperatively.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The immune status of the rat with carcinoma of the bowel.

Studies were made to determine whether rats receiving 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce bowel cancer were immunologically compromised during tumour development. General cellular immunodepression was observed in DMH rats in nonspecific assays of T-cell and killer-cell (K-cell) function and later in allograft response and in vitro tumour immunity tests. B-cell levels in local lymph nodes increased significantly very late in tumour growth. It is suggested that DMH itself was exerting immunosuppressive as well as carcinogenic effects while it was administered. After withdrawal of DMH some immune faculties (tumour immunity, B-cell response) reappeared, so it is unlikely that the immune suppression observed was a result of factors produced by the developing neoplasm. There are indications that DMH administration in the rat is immunosuppressive and that tumour growth may be facilitated by this action and not by tumour reactive lymphocytic depletion or paralysis associated with blocking factors or suppressor cell production.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1982

Beta-adrenergic blockade and peripheral vascular disease.

Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease are common accompaniments of peripheral vascular disease, and are often treated with beta-blocking drugs. Previous reports, however, have suggested that these drugs may aggravate peripheral vascular disease. A study was designed to investigate this problem with claudication-distance and skin and muscle blood-flow studies (as determined by 133Xe clearance) as indices for assessment. In all 11 patients who presented with features of peripheral vascular disease and were found to be taking beta-blocking drugs, administration of the drug was stopped, blood pressure was controlled by other means, and the situation was reassessed four weeks later. There was a significant improvement in claudication distance and in resting and post-exercise muscle blood flow after withdrawal of the drug. This held for both cardioselective and nonselective beta-blockers. It is recommended that this group of drugs be avoided in the treatment of patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Renal transplantation. 12-Year experience.

The results of cadaveric renal transplantation in one centre over 12 years are reviewed. One hundred and sixty-eight grafts have been performed in 147 recipients. At one year after transplantation, patient survival rate was 86%, and graft survival rate was 63%. Analysis of factors influencing graft survival show that the age of recipients, the lack of blood transfusions, and the use of poorly matched grafts (three to four HLA mismatches against 0 to two mismatches), all had adverse effect on survival. Death was a significant cause of graft loss in patients over the age of 45 years. Patients who had not received blood transfusions, and who received grafts which were mismatched for three to four HLA antigens, did especially badly, graft survival rate at six months being only 24% compared with that of 70% in patients who received blood transfusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparative survival rates in symptomatic peripheral vascular disease and colorectal cancer.

A comparative study of the accumulative five-year survival rates was made between patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease and patients with operable colorectal carcinoma. There was no significant difference between the two groups, but both had a significantly lower longevity than the normal population of the same average age (p less than 0.01). The patients' age at the time of treatment and their sex influenced survival in a similar manner in both colorectal cancer and peripheral vascular disease, there being no significant difference in the five-year survival curves in this comparison. A subset of individuals with colorectal cancer, those with Stage A lesions, were distinguished from the remainder. Their survival was significantly better than that of those patients with peripheral vascular disease (p less than 0.05) and was almost identical to that of the normal age-matched population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

The immune response to carcinoma of the colon in a rat model: a temporal study.

Carcinoma of the colon was induced in rats by treatment with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Macroscopic tumours were observed from eight weeks after commencing DMH injections and rapidly increased in mass to cause death of the animals between 20 and 27 weeks later. Tumour immunity was assessed by the gross parameters of body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight and by in vitro tests of lymphocyte antitumour cytotoxicity and leucocyte migration inhibition by tumour and normal colon homogenates. Immune responses were recorded in control (saline treated) and in tumour (DMH treated) rats. Body weight of the tumour rats paralleled that of control animals until tumours were well advanced. At this time tumour animal body weight was significantly less than that of control animals. Spleen weight and in vitro lymphocyte antitumour cytotoxicity were significantly greater in tumour than in control rats and were so found soon after macroscopic tumours were observed. Mesenteric lymph node weight and leucocyte migration inhibition did not change until late in tumour development, but at this time there was an immune response in tumour animals. The study showed that carcinoma of the colon induced in rats was associated with an antitumour immune response and that this change occurred soon after macroscopic tumours were present. In spite of this the animals died of their neoplasms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Haemoglobin, smoking and peripheral vascular disease.

One hundred and four patients with peripheral vascular disease requiring operation were reviewed retrospectively with respect to age, sex, preoperative haemoglobin, smoking habits and diabetic status. The preoperative haemoglobin levels and smoking status in 63 non-diabetic male patients with peripheral vascular disease were compared with a matched group of individuals treated for inguinal hernia. For all patients there was a significant correlation between smoking habits, preoperative haemoglobin level and the presence of peripheral vascular disease. The mechanisms by which smoking may damage the vascular tree are reviewed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative pancreatitis as a complication of biliary surgery.

Forty patients who underwent biliary surgery were investigated for postoperative pancreatic disturbance as measured by the amylase creatinine clearance ration (ACCR). Its relevance to preoperative pancreatitis, exploration of the common bile duct, and operative cholangiography were examined. The results suggested that a recent clinically proven episode of pancreatitis did not predispose to a postoperative recurrence following biliary surgery. Similarly, cholecystectomy alone did not produce a postoperative pancreatic disturbance. However, exploration of the common bile duct did frequently cause a postoperative elevated ACCR, and hence we recommend that duct exploration should be performed as carefully and as atraumatically as possible. The small number of patients who did not have operative cholangiograms prevented statistical evaluation of the effect of this procedure on the pancreas. However, information from elsewhere suggests that the plasma amylase level is not likely to be raised by cholangiography.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Mesenteric-cervical vascular anastomosis as an adjunct to oesophageal bypass surgery for carcinoma.

Dysphagia is the most disabling symptom for patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. Bowel segment bypass surgery offers satisfactory relief, but is often complicated by anastomotic leakage with its associated high mortality. Poor vascular perfusion of the cervical end of a bypass segment is an important cause of breakdown and leakage. A technique of cervical-mesenteric vascular anastomosis to improve the blood supply of the bypass is described and a case is reported.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Orthopaedic problems of renal transplantation.

One in six patients receiving renal transplants has orthopaedic problems. Osteoporosis with accompanying fractures is common, as is avascular necrosis of the hips, knees, and other bones. Immunosuppressive therapy with steroids is implicated and its mode of action discussed. No means of prophylasix is known. If treated conservatively, aseptic necrosis of bone is much more disabling than is commonly believed as judged by the critical assessment technique of Charnley. The authors therefore recommend that a surgical approach should be adopted whenever possible.

Adult↗