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Biomedical subjects

A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to A Jones.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Identification of abnormal patterns in eye movements of schizophrenic patients.

Using precise infrared recording instrumentation, we measured the eye-movement patterns in six schizophrenic patients who were taking medication and found saccadic intrusions and saccadic smooth-pursuit tracking in three. This defined some of the eye-movement irregularities reported previously by many investigators. A variety of eye-movement functions in addition to smooth pursuit exhibited these abnormalities, including fixation, vergence, and head-eye pursuit. Saccadic intrusions or saccadic pursuit also occurs in a number of neuro-ophthalmologic disorders, and occasionally in healthy normal subjects. Thus, these eye-movement abnormalities do not occur exclusively in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intra-abdominal hemorrhage from ruptured varices.

Three patients with Laënnec's cirrhosis were initially seen with anemia, abdominal pain, and increased abdominal girth. Hemoperitoneum was diagnosed by paracentesis, and laparotomy revealed ruptured intraperitoneal varices. The two patients with more severe depletion died. The other patient, who was initially normotensive but had orthostatic changes, survived. A review of 11 previously reported cases is presented. Abdominal pain, hypotension, and increased abdominal girth were common initial findings, and should lead to early abdominal paracentesis. Suture ligation of the bleeding varix gives the greatest likelihood of survival.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis of basement membrane by parietal yolk sac cells.

The biosynthesis of basement membrane (Reichert's membrane) by parietal yolk sac cells of the mouse embryo was studied using immunohistochemistry and autoradiography with the electron microscope. Fab' fragments of characterized antisera to either a mixture of type IV collagen and laminin, or to type IV collagen alone, were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase for the immunohistochemical study; radiolabeled proline, leucine, and glucosamine were utilized either in vivo or in isolated yolk sac membranes in vitro for autoradiography. Whereas neither of the two antisera employed localized in either the Golgi apparatus or in the cytosol, both localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in the extracellular basement membrane. Furthermore, no evidence of passage of isotopically labeled precursors of basement membrane from the RER to the Golgi apparatus was observed. Consequently, it is concluded that the basement membrane precursors are synthesized in the RER of parietal yolk sac cells and neither traverse the Golgi apparatus nor diffuse across the cytosol of the cell in the process of secretion. By elimination, secretion must be via direct communications between RER and plasma membrane or via small vesicles observed in the cytosol between RER and plasma membrane. These data are not in accord with the concept of the universality of the Golgi apparatus in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein. Parietal yolk sac cells do not use the Golgi apparatus in the biosynthesis of basement membrane, but do use the Golgi apparatus for the biosynthesis of other proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of environmental conditions during heating on commercial spore strip performance.

Commercial biological indicator spore strips in glassine envelopes, produced by three manufacturers, were evaluated by fraction-negative procedures after being heated at 121.0 +/- 0.05 degrees C. Only one type of spore strip met the manufacturer's specifications. The strips of one manufacturer were further evaluated by fraction-negative and survivor curve-plate count procedures after being heated under several conditions (enclosed in glassine envelopes, in trypticase soy broth plus 0.0015% bromocresol purple, in Trypticase soy broth alone in Water for Injection, directly); Trypticase soy broth plus bromocresol purple and tryptic soy agar, respectively, were used as recovery media. The heating condition affected the D-value of the spore strip. Recovery procedures also had an effect; in all cases, the D-values obtained from the survivor curve tests were larger than those obtained from fraction-negative tests carried out under the same conditions. To determine if the differences in D-values between the two evaluation procedures were caused by the recovery media, we evaluated, by both methods, one type of spore strip heated directly and in glassine envelopes, using tryptic soy agar plus bromocresol purple and Trypticase soy broth plus 1.5% agar, respectively, as the recovery media. The survivor curve results showed that for both enclosed and unenclosed spore strips, there was a marked difference between the two recovery media; however, there was no difference when fraction-negative tests were used.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

Saccadic eye movements of schizophrenic patients measured by reflected light technique.

In order to evaluate the integrity of their saccadic system, we have examined saccadic eye movements and smooth pursuit in a small group of schizophrenic patients, using precise infrared recording instrumentation. There were no significant differences between mean saccadic latencies of patients and controls. Both groups had mean latencies within the normal range of 200-250 msec. Saccades of schizophrenic patients appeared to have normal trajectories and dynamic characteristics. Three of the six schizophrenic patients and one of the three normal controls had smooth pursuit tracking characterized by saccadic intrusions and saccadic smooth pursuit tracking. Occasional saccadic intrusions and saccadic smooth pursuit tracking appeared in the records of all other subjects, but with considerably lower frequency. These results, emerging from reflected light methods, confirm a previous report of normal saccadic latencies in schizophrenic patients using an electrooculographic technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Minimal velocities necessary for perforation of skin by air gun pellets and bullets.

A series of tests were conducted to determine the velocities necessary for lead air gun pellets (calibers .177 and .22) and caliber .38 lead bullets to perforate skin. Human lower extremities were used. Caliber .177 air gun pellets weighing 8.25 grains required a minimum velocity of 101 m/s (331 ft/s) to perforate skin. The energy per area of presentation ratio E/a was 1:86 m X kg/cm2. Caliber .22 air gun pellets weighing 16.5 grains needed a minimum velocity of 75 m/s (245 ft/s). The E/a was 1:3 m X kg/cm2. A round nose, caliber .38 lead bullet weighing 113 grains perforated skin at 58 m/s (191 ft/s). The E/a was 1.95 m X kg/cm2. These studies appear to indicate that lightweight projectiles need greater velocity to perforate skin than do larger caliber, heavier bullets.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1981

Coronary risk factors in a rural community which includes aborigines: Inverell Heart Disease Prevention Programme.

A coronary risk factor screening and referral service was established in Inverell, New South Wales, in July 1978. In non-Aboriginal subjects, there was an increasing prevalence of coronary risk factors with age (hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity), except for cigarette smoking which showed a reverse trend. Allowing for minor differences in sampling, the average level of plasma cholesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking in rural inverell closely resembled that in Sydney. However, Inverell subjects of both sexes were consistently more overweight at all ages. Aboriginal subjects of both sexes showed an increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and cigarette smoking compared with non-Aboriginal subjects, whilst hypertension and obesity were also more prevalent in the Aboriginal females. High Coronary risk Inverell subjects sustained significant improvements in serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking and body weight levels over one year of follow-up. Community-wide control of hypertension was initially unsatisfactory and this remained so.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A study of Campylobacter enteritis.

During the years 1978 and 1979, 432 separate outbreaks of gastro-enteritis were reported to this department by the employees of this company. All these outbreaks were fully screened, and it was seen that nineteen employees had gastro-enteritis caused by Campylobacter organisms. Investigation of these employees revealed significant findings with regard to the possible human source of the organism, and leads us to conclude that the organism can be spread by human-to-human contact, and must be treated as a food poisoning organism with subsequent exclusion of food handlers from work during the period of carriage of the organism. The study also demonstrated that the illness suffered by the affected employees was severe in nature and lasted approximately 1 to 10 days. It took on average between 17 and 19 days during 1979 for clearance to occur in the specimens of the affected employees. Thus, if food handlers are excluded from work when affected, this is a considerable period of absence from work, with considerable cost to industry and the community.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1981

Inpatient vs outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers.

The literature on inpatient and outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers is reviewed. In addition, attrition as a major factor in treatment is examined. While several hypothesized advantages for both inpatient and outpatient treatment are advanced, it is pointed out that, because of methodological and situational differences among the studies, comparisons are difficult and risky to make. After suggesting that there is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

Effect of insulinopenia and adrenal hormone deficiency on acute potassium tolerance.

The ability to dispose of an acute intravenous potassium load was examined in glucocorticoid-replaced adrenalectomized rats and in rats made insulinopenic with somatostatin. Adrenalectomy resulted in a significantly greater rise in plasma potassium concentration compared with controls (1.46 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.05 mEq/liter, P less than 0.001) despite the excretion of an identical percentage (47%) of the administered potassium load in 2 hours. Somatostatin-induced insulinopenia (insulin levels decreased from 37 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 3 microU/ml) was also associated with a significantly greater increment in plasma potassium controls, despite the excretion of a similar amount (39%) of the administered potassium load. In animals with combined adrenal and insulin deficiency, the rise in plasma potassium concentration occurred earlier and remained elevated for a more prolonged period of time compared with animals with either adrenalectomy or insulinopenia alone. Conclusion. During acute potassium loading in the rat, insulin and adrenal hormones play an important role in maintaining normal potassium homeostasis, primarily by enhancing potassium uptake by external tissues.

Adrenalectomy↗