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Biomedical subjects

A Johansen

Publications and source records attributed to A Johansen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Elevated early gastric carcinoma. Differential diagnosis as regards adenomatous polyps.

Differential diagnostic problems between gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions with severe dysplasia have become more perceptible with the increasing number of resected early carcinomas. Although such problems come up for all macroscopic and histologic types of gastric cancer they are particularly marked between early carcinomas of the elevated type and adenomatous polyps. Elevated early carcinomas are usually highly differentiated adenocarcinomas with a morphology which often reminds of of adenomas. But sometimes the carcinomas also demonstrate convincing signs of being developed from adenomas. The criterion of distinction between intramucosal carcinomas and adenomas is invasion through the basal membrane, often difficult to evaluate. The morphological relation between elevated early gastric carcinomas and adenomas and the criterion of distinction between them were studied in 20 early gastric carcinomas of the Japanese types I and IIa, 6 intramucosal and 14 submucosal all highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in 42 polyps, of which 5 were of the adenomatous type. All lesions were taken from resection specimens. Among the carcinomas 5 demonstrated convincing signs of being malignant transformed adenomas. In addition, 6 carcinomas had a morphology which more or less reminded of adenomas, but their genetic origin was more uncertain. Nine carcinomas revealed no sign of an adenomatous origin. Among the 5 polyps diagnosed as adenomas 2 revealed an extraordinary degree of severe dysplasia which caused uncertainty on the benign diagnosis. The rest of the polyps were without dysplasia. The significance of invasion through the basal membrane as an indispensable factor of distinction between adenoma and carcinoma in the stomach is discussed. It is concluded that the degree of dysplasia can be so severe and the invasion so difficult to evaluate that the classification of some few tumours depends on the subjectivity of the single pathologist. Four of the tumours, 2 adenomas and 2 intramucosal carcinomas, having a remarkable macroscopic appearance like a large mucosal fold are especially mentioned. Their relation to gastric mucosal prolaps is discussed. Furthermore, a tumour apparently demonstrating only a moderate degree of dysplasia, but even so setting up metastases is mentioned in detail.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Cell proliferation in normal and diseased gastric mucosa. Autoradiography after in vitro continuous labelling with tritiated thymidine.

The rate of gastric epithelial cell proliferation was studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with different degrees of gastritis. Endoscopic biopsies from the antral and fundic part of the stomach were incubated in vitro with 3H-thymidine for 30, 120, and 210 minutes respectively. Autoradiographs were prepared, and the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells (labeling index) in the progenitor cell region was estimated. From the successive labeling indices the rate of entry of cells into DNA-synthetic phase (S-phase) and the duration of the S-phase could be estimated. All the biopsies were classified according to the degree of gastritis. The mean (+/-SEM) length of the S-phase was found to be 7.4 +/- 0.3 hours in antral mucosa and 7.2 +/- 0.4 hours in fundic mucosa. There was no significant difference between the S-phase duration in normal mucosa, superficial gastritis, mild atrophic gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis. This observation suggests that the labeling index can be used as an expression for the rate of cell proliferation in human gastric mucosa. A significant correlation between the labelling indices and the degree of gastritis was found in both antral and fundic mucosa. In six cases, labelling indices estimated by cell counts performed on longitudinal or cross sections of foveolae were compared. Ther was no significant difference between the results obtained by the two different counting techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Drinking, smoking and drug-taking patterns in a predominantly lower socioeconomic status sample: comparison with Medicheck sample.

The drinking, smoking, and drug-taking patterns of 9829 adult members of the Australian Workers Union in Sydney are compared with data collected through the Medicheck Referral Centre. Overall, the two sets of data are very similar, but the results of this survey point to the high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption, and of regular drug-taking in young people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The diagnostic significance of intestinal metaplasia in endoscopic gastric biopsies.

The incidences of intestinal metaplasia in two groups of benign endoscopic biopsies taken from stomachs with malignant and benign lesions respectively were compared. 315 single biopsies were taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area. They were compared to 786 single biopsies taken from stomachs with proven benign lesions. Each single biopsy was placed in one of three groups: intestinal metaplasia absent, or making up less or more than 50 per cent of the epithelium in the biopsy. The results showed that single biopsies with intestinal metaplasia regardless of the extension of the metaplasia in the biopsy were found more often in stomachs with carcinoma than in stomachs with benign lesions but without any significant difference. If more than half of the benign biopsies taken during an examination demonstrated extensive grades of intestinal metaplasia a sligtly significant difference in favour of carcinomas was found.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

The diagnostic significance of Russell bodies in endoscopic gastric biopsies.

The incidence of cells containing so-called Russell bodies in 315 benign single gastric biopsies taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area and 786 biopsies taken from stomachs without carcinoma were compared. The Russell body containing cells were counted in a fixed area and on the basis of the counting each biopsy was classified in one of four groups: Russell body containing cells absent or present in a number of 1-5, 6-10 or more than 10 in the area. The results showed that endoscopic biopsy examinations containing one single benign biopsy with more than 5 Russell body containing cells in the carcinoma. If half or more than half of the biopsies in the examination contained 1-5 Russell body containing cells significant differences were also found. The sensitivity of such examinations was low but their predictive values (PVpos) varied from 46 per cent to 95 per cent, meaning that such examinations may be of importance for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Comparative effects of tolfenamic acid and acetylsalicylic acid on human gastric mucosa. A double-blind crossover trial employing gastroscopy, extern gastrocamera and multiple biopsies.

A comparative study has been made of the effects of tolfenamic acid (Clotam) and acetylsalicyclic acid on the gastric mucosa in 10 healthy volunteers. The effects were evaluated by means of gastroscopy, photography of the gastric mucosa, and multiple biopsies. The schedule was for a randomized, double-blind crossover trial involving two drug-administered periods of one week's duration separated by an interval of at least 3 weeks. On each day of the drug-administration weeks either tolfenamic acid 600 mg or acetylsalicyclic acid 3 g was administered as three divided doses, taken with meals. Gastroscopy was performed prior to and after each week of drug administration. Subjective side effects were recorded during the therapy periods; haematemesis occurred in 2 volunteers taking acetylsalicyclic acid. The absence of gastritis in each subject during treatment with tolfenamic acid was confirmed both gastroscopically and histologically. In contrast, 6 out of 10 volunteers developed mild superficial acute gastritis after ingestion of acetylsalicyclic acid. The difference in effect between the two treatments on the gastric mucosa was statistically significant(p less than 0.05). The findings of this study are comparable to those of other studies and it is concluded that tolfenamic acid, in the relatively high dosage employed in this trial, is free from any irritant effect on the gastric mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relationship between gastric acid secretion, histopathology, and cell proliferation kinetics in human gastric mucosa.

Cell proliferation of gastric antral and fundic mucosa was studied in a series of patients with different gastric diseases. After in vitro incubation of endoscopic biopsies with tritiated thymidine, radioautographs were prepared by the dipping technique. The labeling indices were estimated, and the biopsies were classified according to the degree of gastritis. The peak acid output after "maximal" stimulation with histamine was also determined. A highly significant inverse correlation between peak acid output and the labeling indices in both antral and fundic mucosa was demonstrated. The correlation between the degree of gastritis and the labeling indices in antral and fundic mucosa was also statistically significant. The results indicate that a significant inverse relationship exists between the acid secretory capacity of the gastric mucosa and the rate of cell proliferation in both antral and fundic mucosa. Furthermore, the data suggest that an increasing degree of gastritis in human gastric mucosa is followed by an increased rate of epithelial cell proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Yersinia enterocolitica infection in patients with acute surgical abdominal disease. A prospective study.

The rate of yersiniosis in patients with acute abdominal disease was studied in a 16-month prospective investigation in 1972-1973 of 205 acutely ill patients referred to a surgical clinic of a Copenhagen City hospital with complaints of abdominal pain suggestive of appendicitis. Yersinia enterocolitica, biotype 4, was isolated from 11 patients (5.4%), 8 of whom were children. Yersinia was grown from faeces in 8 cases and from appendix of all 9 patients operated upon. Rising or falling agglutinin titres larger than or equal to 100, indicative of yersiniosis, were found in 22 patients (10.7%) including all bacteriologically verified cases. Eight additional patients (3.9%) had less significant titres larger than or equal to 100, suggestive of recent or present infection. 28 patients (13.7%) had insignificant titres, including 3 with antibodies against serotype 9. In all cases except these 3, antibodies were against Y. enterocolitica, serotype 3. A differential diagnosis between Y. enterocolitica infection and other types of appendicitis could not be made within this highly selected group of patients using available clinical data. All cases were rather mild and self-limiting. It is suggested that in future epidemiological and other studies of yersiniosis, early bacteriological and serological examinations be carried out.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1976

Antral gastrin cells. A correlation between the number of gastrin cells and the total concentration of gastrin in serum and in antral mucosa. A pilot investigation.

Correlation between the gastrin cell number of delineated by immunohistological staining and the gastrin content in blood and antral mucosa has been studied in biopsies from the antral region of the human stomach. With a semiquantitative score system of the antral gastrin cells, we found correlation between the number of cells and the gastrin content in mucosa and serum and the grade of atrophic pyloric gastritis in 52 patients with different gastric diseases. It is concluded that further studies will be necessary before it is possible to estimate the total mass of gastrin cells and thereby compare different clinical groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Variation in distribution of antral gastrin cells.

Using immunoperoxidase technique a considerable variation in the number of antral gastrin cells was demonstrated in patients with atrophic gastritis. This variation must be taken in consideration when the number of gastrin cells is to be estimated on the basis of gastric biopsies.

Gastric Mucosa↗