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Biomedical subjects

A James

Publications and source records attributed to A James.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical and pathologic correlations in disease metastatic to the thyroid gland.

Findings in our series of patients and a review of the literature seem to suggest that metastatic cancer to the thyroid is much more common that is clinically evident. The clinical presentation of an asymptomatic mass, normal thyroid functions, and a cold nodule on thyroid scan can occur months to years after treatment of a primary cancer and thus often produces a clinical dilemma. Workup should include ruling out other metastatic cancer and fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid mass. If isolated metastatic cancer to the thyroid is found, surgical resection should be performed, usually by lobectomy and isthmusectomy. Unfortunately, the prognosis is poor, but surgery often prolongs the disease-free interval and occasionally will be curative.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A simple method for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate by gentamicin pharmacokinetics during routine drug monitoring in the newborn.

Assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the newborn is often imprecise because of difficulties in urine collection and because the plasma creatinine level, the traditional marker of renal function, is influenced by many factors in this age group. Gentamicin is given to most preterm infants for suspected or proved sepsis. This drug is eliminated almost entirely by the kidney and its rate of elimination parallels the GFR. We calculated gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, volume of distribution, and clearance) from three consecutive concentration-time points (trough, peak, and next trough levels) in 38 newborn infants. Creatinine clearance was measured by the conventional method. Both t1/2 (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001) and gentamicin clearance (r = 0.77; P less than 0.001) correlated well with measured creatinine clearance. There was no correlation between these variables and urine output. Gentamicin elimination t1/2 and clearance are useful indices of GFR in the newborn infant and can be easily calculated during routine therapeutic drug monitoring.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1984

The validity of 'biorhythmic' theory questioned.

The study was of the relation between three categorical independent variables (cases in the critical, positive or regenerative phase of their 'biorhythmic' cycle) and two numerical independent variables, academic performance and factor scores on the psychoneurotic component of the University College London Study Questionnaire. The sample comprised 368 Open University students. A subset was used to study the relation between cases at the peaks and troughs of their cycles. If 'biorhythms' had any effect then it would be expected that the mean scores of the three subgroups would differ significantly. Results for 18 ANOVAs showed that none of the observed relations was greater than would be expected by chance.

Biological Clocks↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in white matter disease of the brain using spin-echo sequences.

Attention is drawn to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-echo sequences in the recognition of white matter disease of the brain. In 5 patients with multiple sclerosis, 8 lesions were seen with postcontrast x-ray computed tomography (CT) (37.5 g of iodine), 33 with inversion-recovery (IR) scans, and 47 with spin-echo (SE) scans. Partial volume effects were less of a diagnostic difficulty with SE scans than with IR scans. Extensive areas of abnormal white matter were seen with CT, IR, and SE scans in a patient with leucodystrophy associated with congenital muscular dystrophy. In a patient with adrenoleucodystrophy focal lesions were seen with CT, IR, and SE scans. In addition, loss of gray-white matter contrast was seen in both occipital lobes with IR scans. Extensive areas of white matter involvement were also seen in a case of Binswangers disease.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1980

Experiences with the new oral contraceptive Ovysmen.

The contraceptive effect of the new pill Ovysemn has been tested in two groups in a total of thirty-six patients. The preparation was well tolerated and the results failed to reveal fundamental differences in comparison with other trials performed by other investigators. No pregnancies occurred in either group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Attitudes of medical practitioners to mental illness.

The O.M.I. Scale was used to evaluate the attitudes to mental illness of a sample of 50 Australian medical practitioners. Although the scores of the Australian subjects did not differ from those of previously-tested British medical practitioners, they were significantly different to those obtained in a study of Czechoslovakian practitioners. The Australian, British and Czechoslovakian medical practitioners scored similarly on Mental Hygiene Ideology which reflects a medical model of mental illness. It was suggested that there were several disadvantages in supporting the medical model and that, through undergraduate and continuing education programs, medical practitioners should be exposed to alternative models of mental illness.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

Discrete length classes of DNA depend on mode of dehydration.

The length of double-stranded coliphage lambda DNA, as determined by electron microscopy using the benzyldimethylalkyl ammonium chloride technique, depends on the mode of dehydration. The freeze-dried DNA form is the longest (16.5 micron), whereas dehydration in methanol (15.9 micron) or in ethanol (three forms: 15.2 micron, 13.9 micron, and 12.4 micron) results in progressively shorter molecules. These measured lengths of the freeze-dried, methanol-dehydrated, and shortest ethanol-dehydrated forms correspond to the axial rise per nucleotide pair in the B, C, and A forms of DNA, respectively. The remaining forms of ethanol-dehydrated DNA seem to represent novel intermediary conformations of DNA. In agreement with the predicted increment, DNA exposed to ethidium bromide and freeze-dried is elongated by 39% (22.9 micron). All size classes show the same relative distribution pattern of bound Escherichia coli RNA polymerase molecules (nucleoside triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC2.7.7.6), used as intramolecular markers, indicating that the dehydration-caused transitions are uniform.

Benzyl Compounds↗