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Biomedical subjects

A J Collins

Publications and source records attributed to A J Collins.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

A sequential screning test based on the running component of audiogenic seizures in mice, including reference compound PD50 values.

1. The running component of audiogenic seizures in mice has been used as the basis of a sequential screening test for the detection of a variety of centrally acting drugs.2. For acceptance by the test, an active compound must completely suppress the running component in a total of sixteen mice at a dose of 1/5 LD50 intraperitoneally.3. Considerable economies in the numbers of animals required for screening have been achieved, the mean number of mice required to reject an inactive compound being 2.0.4. The running component is highly sensitive to anticonvulsants and general central depressants, and insensitive to phenothiazine tranquillizers and morphine. Reserpine caused an increase in the severity of the running component.5. The statistical model used in this test is of general application to screening test situations which use quantal data.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shortening of the hemodialysis procedure and mortality in "healthy" dialysis patients.

The influence of shortening chronic hemodialysis on mortality was studied by following cumulative survival in "ideal" nondiabetic dialysis patients, who had no other diseases besides their renal disease when beginning dialysis. It was hoped that thereby problems of shortening dialysis could be separated from problems inherent in the patient. Otherwise healthy dialysis patients (n = 556) were divided into age groups (less than 50, 51-75, and greater than 75 years) and studied during four periods, 1966-75, 1976-82, 1983-85, and 1986-88. Dialysis time was shortened from 17 to 2.7 hr per treatment during that time, but a Kt/V of 1.3 maintained. Generally, both first- and four-year cumulative survival improved as dialysis was shortened, and four-year cumulative survival was best in all age groups during 1986-88 when dialysis was shortest. During this time, the four-year cumulative survival was no different from that of the age-matched total U.S. population. Shortening of dialysis time and increasing efficiency while keeping at least a 4.0, stable, weekly Kt/V has not been harmful to healthy patients on dialysis, but has led to continued improvement on cumulative survival.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simplified approach to monitoring in vivo therapy prescription.

The urea kinetic model has been used to individualize therapy prescription. Because the urea kinetic model is complex, the modeling approach to therapy monitoring is not widely practiced. Presented here is a simplified approach to therapy prescription monitoring that is based on the full-fledged urea kinetic model. A Kt/V-PCR domain map (K: clearance, t: time and V: volume of urea distribution; PCR: protein catabolic rate) has been developed with the predialysis urea nitrogen concentration on the abscissa and the post/pre dialysis urea concentration ratio on the ordinate. On this domain map, the therapy index Kt/V is represented by a family of horizontal lines and the PCR is represented by a family of curved lines. In this simplified approach, mid-week measurements of the pre (C1) and post (C2) dialysis urea nitrogen concentrations are plotted on the domain map. The position of the plotted point allows one to read off the Kt/V index and the PCR to determine whether therapy index, diet, or both need to be modified.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗