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Biomedical subjects

A J Collins

Publications and source records attributed to A J Collins.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The influence of cimetidine on peptic ulcer in patients with arthritis taking anti-inflammatory drugs.

Patients with arthritis who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) often develop peptic ulceration. Withdrawal of the NSAID may lead to increased debility and thus it may be desirable to continue the NSAID while attempting to heal the ulceration by additional therapeutic measures. We have investigated the effect of cimetidine in this role. Patients with gastroscopically-proven peptic ulcer associated with NSAID ingestion were given either cimetidine or placebo treatment while continuing to take their NSAIDs. It was found that the ulceration healed in some patients over a 6-week period even on placebo treatment. There was no statistical difference found between the healing of these ulcers when compared with the cimetidine-treated group. The mechanism of NSAID-induced ulceration and the reason for the above finding is discussed.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

Systemic response to local urate crystal induced inflammation in man: a possible model to study the acute phase response.

The production of a systemic inflammatory response to intradermal monosodium urate crystal injection is described. A transient, self-limiting local response is associated with a systemic response detectable by a rise in the white cell count and serum amyloid A protein. The white cell change parallels the evolution of the local response, whereas the serum amyloid A response lags behind the local lesion, peaking after the local lesion is resolving. Intradermal monosodium urate injection is proposed as a possible inflammatory stimulus to explore the acute phase protein response in different disease states.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Dialytic therapy in the management of chronic renal failure.

The maintenance of life after the development of end-stage renal disease can be achieved by the use of dialytic therapy, either alone as permanent replacement therapy or in conjunction with transplantation. The imperfections of all forms of dialytic therapy leave the nephrologist with the responsibility of recommending to the patient the treatment(s) considered most suitable. Hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and peritoneal dialysis are discussed in this article.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Some observations on the pharmacology of 'deep-heat', a topical rubifacient.

A topically applied rubifacient delivered by aerosol (Deep-Heat) was studied. After spray application to the forearms of volunteers, without massage, the erythema produced was measured by thermography and correlated with the concentration of 2 salicylate components of the mixture found in local and systemic venous blood. Maximum erythema occurred at about 30 minutes, while blood salicylate levels were maximal between 20 and 30 minutes after application. Methyl salicylate was absorbed before ethyl salicylate. Over the time period of the erythematous response oxygen levels in local venous blood were raised. Finally, platelets collected from venous blood draining from the sprayed site, when induced to clump by the addition of arachidonic acid in an aggregometer, showed increased resistance to clumping when compared with control cells. The mechanism of these observed phenomena and the mode of action of the constituents of Deep-Heat are discussed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

The acute action of fenbufen and piroxicam on the gastric mucosa as measured by gastric microbleeding.

The acute effect of a single dose of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fenbufen (Lederfen) and piroxicam, was tested on the human gastric mucosa for their ability to cause damage, as measured by microbleeding. In a volunteer trial in which twelve subjects took part, a single dose of 600 mg of fenbufen was compared with a placebo and a single dose of 20 mg of piroxicam on separate occasions. After taking the drugs, stomachs were aspirated via a nasogastric tube over the following 3 hours. When the haemoglobin in the aspirates was assayed it was concluded that fenbufen caused no more microbleeding than the placebo and less than that caused by piroxicam over the time period tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

5-Azacytidine and renal tubular dysfunction.

During initial trials of 5-azacytidine in adults with advanced acute leukemia, we unexpectedly observed acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte abnormalities that contributed directly to the deaths of two early patients. To evaluate this toxicity further, we studied 22 patients who received a total of 33 courses of combination chemotherapy that included 5-azacytidine. During 29 courses (88%) of treatment, polyuria, glucosuria, and/or transient changes in the serum concentrations of bicarbonate or phosphorus were detected. Spontaneous polyuria with demonstrable salt wasting and orthostatic hypotension occurred during seven courses (21%) of treatment. Inappropriate glucosuria was observed in nine courses (27%). In 24 courses (73%) the serum bicarbonate fell below the normal range. The urine became alkaline during 12 of these instances; the anion gap was not increased during the acidosis. Hypophosphatemia with serum phosphorus concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/dl occurred in 21 of 32 evaluable courses (66%). In the three patients studied the tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was 10%-18%. The renal abnormalities that were observed suggest both proximal and distal tubular damage from 5-azacytidine. Patients receiving 5-azacytidine should be monitored closely for manifestations of renal toxicity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

The nonspecific inhibitory effect of synovial tissue extracts on leucocyte migration in vitro.

The leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMT) has been used to search for specific antigens in rheumatoid synovial tissue. Synovial samples were collected from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, from 1 patient with ankylosing spondylitis, and from 1 patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis. Inhibitory material was obtained from all 21 synovia with inflammatory disease but not from the noninflammatory synovium. The tissue extracts generally caused nonspecific migration inhibition when tested against a total of 157 pairs of rheumatoid and control leucocytes. However, occasional samples did induce migration inhibition restricted to either rheumatoid or control cells. The inhibitory factor was shown to be membrane associated and of high molecular weight (greater than 10(6) daltons). The results of this extensive study do not support the conclusions drawn from earlier reports based on smaller numbers of experiments. No evidence was obtained for the existence of specific antigenic material associated with the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acute promyelocytic leukemia. Management of the coagulopathy during daunorubicin-prednisone remission induction.

Seven adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and disseminated intravascular coagulation were treated for remission induction with daunorubicin hydrochloride and prednisone. In all patients the coagulopathy was managed with continuous-infusion heparin sodium and vigorous transfusion with platelets, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma. Five patients survived induction; they all achieved complete remission (CR). Median duration of CR was 27 + months; two patients presently survive in their initial CR at 28 and 48 months. Recognition of APL as a distinct type of acute leukemia and prompt initiation of treatment aimed at rapid cytoreduction and control of the coagulopathy has resulted in a prolonged disease-free survival for the majority of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A thermographic assessment of three intra-articular prednisolone analogues given in rheumatoid synovitis.

1 Three intra-articular prednisolone analogues have been studied in a group of forty-six rheumatoid arthritic subjects. Each compound was tested at 50 mg and 100 mg dose over 3 weeks. 2 The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by quantitative thermography. Systemic escape of the drug was monitored by plasma prednisolone and cortisol levels. 3 Both the systemic escape from the joint and the duration of effect on injected and uninjected knees were related to drug solubility. 4 Depression of plasma cortisol occurred with all three preparations and was most prolonged with the long-acting preparation. 5 Increasing the dose from 50 mg to 100 mg increased the antiflammatory effect only with the soluble acetate preparation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗