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Biomedical subjects

A J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to A J Anderson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the peripartum period.

In 3 cows, mean total somatic cell counts in mammary gland secretions were greater than 1 x 10(6)/ml from 25 days before parturition until parturition. Cell population decreased rapidly after parturition, and 10 days after parturition, all counts in foremilk were less than 1 x 10(5)/ml. Macrophages and lymphocytes in equal numbers were present in secretions before parturition. Starting approximately 5 days before parturition, lymphocytes decreased so thay they were absent at parturition. Nearly all cells in secretions after parturition were macrophages. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were in low numbers or absent from all secretions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Drinking patterns and preferences among heart patients.

The pattern of alcohol consumption and beverage preferences of heart patients were investigated in 3026 men and 760 women who have had coronary arteriography due to symptoms of coronary heart disease. The younger male heart patients (less than 40 years old) as a group had higher proportion of abstainers and heavy drinkers (more than six drinks daily) than the age-matched reference groups from the general population; the opposite was true for male patients over 60 years of age. The preference for hard liquor (more than 50% of total alcohol intake) tended to rise with age and extent of coronary artery occlusion. Wine as a preferred beverage was reported by approximately 10% of the male patients. The female patients had about twice as high prevalence of abstainers as the male patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The probability of surviving coronary bypass surgery. Five-year results from 1,718 patients.

This study of 1,718 men with bypass surgery from 1970 to 1974 in Milwaukee has indicated that the following factors are significantly associated with five-year survival: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), plasma cholesterol level, coronary occlusion score, age, and left ventricular function (LVF). The 31 men with a previous stroke had a high risk (five-year survival was 32%). To serve as a guide to patient risk, a logistic model is used to predict five-year survival. These probabilities are tabulated for all combinations of LVEDP, age, LVF, occlusion score, and plasma cholesterol level.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Retention or resumption of employment after aortocoronary bypass operations.

Employment status and factors related to resumption of employment were studied in 564 male patients one and four years following an aortocoronary bypass operation. For age categories of less than 55, 55 to 59, and 60 years or older at the time of the operation, 90%, 68%, and 44%, respectively, remained employed four years later. Age at the time of the operation, development of angina pectoris after the operation, a previous myocardial infarction, and the physical requirements of the patient's employment were found to be related to the decision not to work four years after the operation. Of patients not employed prior to the operation, 22% were employed four years later.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Chronic alcohol abuse and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

The possible use of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) as a marker of alcohol abuse was studied in 92 alcoholic patients entering an inpatient treatment program. The average HDLC levels of 68 male patients (66 +/- 23 mg/dl) and 24 female patients (83 +/- 18 mg/dl) were significantly higher than the values for the corresponding control groups of similar ages. Approximately 20% of the male patients had HDLC levels over the mean +/- 2 SD over the control groups. Following 2 wk of alcohol abstinence, the HDLC levels decreased to the control range. HDLC, as a measure of alcohol abuse, may be especially useful in combination with determination of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), since these two tests singly or in combination were elevated in 65% of the male and 85% of the female patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Unique aspects of the cell surface polysaccharide of Pseudomonas phaseolicola as demonstrated by bacteriophage specificity.

Bacteriophage 12P caused lysis of Pseudomonas phaseolicola but not other pathogenic or saprophytic pseudomonads. Specificity of the bacteriophage may depend on recognition of some unique feature of the P. phaseolicola cell surface polysaccharides. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. phaseolicola were more efficient at inhibiting bacteriophage attachment than were identically prepared extracts from five other pseudomonad species. Mutants of P. phaseolicola with bacteriophage resistance produced EPS and LPS different in amount and composition from those of the parental strain. Thus, in some manner the EPS and LPS structures of P. phaseolicola are distinct from those of other plant pathogenic and saprophytic species. The difference may prevent recognition and initiation of resistance events when P. phaseolicola challenges its susceptible host plant, bean.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1980

Differences in the biochemical compositions and elicitor activity of extracellular components produced by three races of a fungal plant pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.

High molecular weight products from the alpha, beta, and gamma races of Colletotrichum lin- differed in their carbohydrate and protein compositions and in their abilities to elicit symptoms of a hypersensitive response in dark red kidney bean. The neutral sugar composition of the products varied in their proportions of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the protein components to be more numerous in the beta race products than in the alpha or gamma race products. Each protein band co-stained for carbohydrate. Highest elicitor activity was observed in the products from the alpha race, a race avirulent on dark red kidney. The products from the weakly virulent gamma race were about 10-fold less active as elicitors than those of the alpha race. With the beta race, a race highly virulent on dark red kidney, elicitor activity was 100-fold less than that of the alpha race.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1980

Identification of yeasts from infected bovine mammary glands and their experimental infectivity in cattle.

Cultures of yeast (n = 91) were obtained from infected mammary glands of cows in New York and Iowa. Of the isolants, 78% belonged to the genus Candida. Eleven Candida species were found, with C tropicalis being the most frequently isolated species and C rugosa being the 2nd most frequently isolated species. Five species of Candida and an isolant of Cryptococcus lactativorus were used for experimental inoculation of mammary glands of healthy cows. Of glands inoculated with C tropicalis, C rugosa, C parapsilosis, and Crypt lactativorus, 100% became infected. Only 3 of 8 glands inoculated with C krusei and 1 of 5 glands inoculated with C albicans became infected. Recovery of organisms from infected glands occurred on an average of 7.4 days after inoculation, and infections were eliminated spontaneously from 10 to 30 days after inoculation. Clinical differences were not noticed in the cows or glands regardless of the species of yeast used for establishing infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro antimycotic sensitivity of yeasts isolated from infected bovine mammary glands.

A total of 91 yeast cultures isolated from infected bovine mammary glands in several herds were studied in vitro to determine their sensitivity to 7 antimycotic agents. Yeast cultures were most sensitive to clotrimazole followed by ketoconazole, nystatin, myxin, miconazole, and amphotericin B and least sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine. The isolants represented 18 species. Candida lusitaniae was most sensitive (85.7%) and C rugosa was least sensitive (31.9%) to the 7 antimycotic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery occlusion.

The relationship between the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and the extent of coronary artery occlusion (ascertained by arteriography) was studied in four hundred male patients. The group with HDLC levels over 50 mg/dl showed a significantly lower coronary artery occlusion score and lower plasma triglyceride levels than the patients with HDLC levels less than 35 mg/dl. The former group also imbibed more alcohol and had less smoking experience.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1979

Alcohol and coronary arteries.

The relationship between alcohol intake and the extent of coronary artery occlusion was studied and indicated that the patients who abstained or consumed less than 1 oz of alcohol weekly had significantly higher occlusion scores than those imbibing moderate amounts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Interrelationship between coronary artery occlusion, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alcohol intake.

The interrelationships between coronary artery occlusion, alcohol consumption, and plasma levels of HDL cholesterol were investigated in 718 male patients undergoing coronary arteriography. A statistically significant inverse relationship was seen between the extent of coronary occlusion and alcohol intake and between coronary occlusion and plasma HDL cholesterol levels. A positive association was observed between the amounts of alcohol consumed and plasma HDL cholesterol levels, as well as between alcohol consumption and history of smoking. The findings of the present study suggest that the "retarding" effect of alcohol on coronary artery disease may be at least partially explained by the alcohol-induced rise of plasma HDL cholesterol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

ABO compatibility and platelet transfusions of alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients.

With data on 91 alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients and 389 donor-recipient pairs matched or selectively mismatched for HLA antigens, it was observed that ABO incompatibility significantly reduced the effectiveness of platelet transfusions. The mean 24-hr recovery of platelets from histocompatible donors and from donors selectively mismatched for cross-reactive HLA antigens was decreased by approximately 23% if the donor typed for blood group A and/or B not found in the recipient. Thus, the reduction in platelet recovery associated with ABO incompatibility is not of a magnitude that would contraindicate transfusion of ABO-mismatched platelets.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Further evidence for the structure of the teichoic acids from Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 and Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM.

Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 and Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM both contain teichoic acids in their walls composed of glycerol, phosphate and glucose. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of B. stearothermophilus teichoic acid showed 13C-31P coupling on the signals from the C-5 and C-6 carbon atoms of the glucose molecule and an alpha-glucosidic linkage between glucose and the C-1 atom of the glycerol moiety. These data are consistent with a poly[glucosylglycerol phosphate] as the cell-wall teichoic acid in this organism. B. subtilis var. niger WM teichoic acid was oxidized by periodate and incubated in glycine buffer at pH 10.5. This treatment did not significantly increase the phosphomonoester content (by beta-elimination of the phosphate groups) of the teichoic acid molecule (7.1 to 9.5%), which is in accordance with earlier data derived from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [De Boer et al. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 62, 1-6], that in this organism the glucose is not an integral part of the polymer chain. Similar treatment of B. stearothermophilus B65 teichoic acid increased the phosphomonoester content of the preparation from 0.15 to 68.1%.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1978

Risk factors and angiographically determined coronary occlusion.

An association of coronary artery occlusion, as determined by coronary arteriography with age, prevalence of risk factors and alcohol intake was studied in 1635 male and 371 female heart patients. The degree of coronary artery occlusion was positively related to elevated cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, diabetes, age and history of smoking for both male and female patients. Hypertension was related to the degree of occlusion only for female patients. Male and female patients who had a higher alcohol intake tended to have less extensive occlusion. No positive association was found between obesity and the degree of occlusion. When the patients were divided on the basis of age (less than 50 and greater than or equal to 50 years) the findings did not differ. The lack of finding a relation between obesity and occlusion or between hypertension and occlusion for males differs from the general findings of epidemiologic studies on the relation between these risk factors and coronary heart disease. The authors believe that this discrepancy may either be explained by the way they selected patients (i.e., they selected patients who underwent a diagnostic angiographic examination), or that obesity and hypertension are not directly related to coronary occlusion but influence occlusive disease through some secondary mechanism.

Age Factors↗