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Biomedical subjects

A J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to A J Anderson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The relationship between vasectomy and angiographically determined atherosclerosis in men.

Long-term prospective studies in monkeys have shown that vasectomy is associated with an increase in atherosclerotic disease. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate whether vasectomy in men is associated with atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries. In this study information was obtained on the vasectomy status in a series of 7,420 men who had previously been referred for coronary angiography because of cardiovascular symptomatology and have been followed for as long as 9 years to evaluate coronary artery bypass surgery and the natural history of the disease. It was found that 5.0% had a vasectomy prior to angiography. Two different data analysis procedures were used to determine whether the vasectomized men had a greater degree of angiographically determined coronary occlusive disease than the nonvasectomized men. Subgroups with minimal and extensive coronary artery disease were also analyzed. Results of all analyses show that the vasectomized men did not have more coronary occlusive disease. Possible patient selection biases in this study are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nutrition in spinal cord injury patients.

The nutrient intake and some indices of nutritional state were studied in 22 quadriplegic and 15 paraplegic patients. When measured over two 5-day periods, the average caloric intake recommended for comparable healthy men (2,700 kcal/day) was not achieved by 75% of the quadriplegic and 47% of the paraplegic patients. No overt signs of malnutrition or vitamin deficiencies were observed, but the average hematocrit and serum albumin levels were at the lower limits of normal. The reduced energy needs of spinal cord patients should be considered in the development of desirable nutritional norms for this patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol consumption and the diet-heart controversy.

The effectiveness of dietary changes as a means of reducing blood lipid levels and ultimately controlling the development of coronary heart disease has been debated for many years. The possible effects of alcohol consumption on blood lipids were usually not considered. Our findings indicate a significant positive correlation between the extent of coronary artery occlusion and total plasma cholesterol levels and a negative association between the coronary occlusion and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Since moderate alcohol consumption increases the HDL cholesterol levels, one can also postulate that it affects coronary artery lesions. The attenuating effect of alcohol on the coronary occlusion was negated by sporadic drinking of large amounts of alcohol. In evaluating the possible effect of alcohol on coronary artery disease, it is also necessary to consider its addictive potential as well as other untoward sequelae of alcohol consumption such as hypertension, damage to the myocardium, and increased prevalence of malignancies.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Intramammary inoculation of the dairy cow with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis during the nonlactating period.

The susceptibility of nonlactating mammary glands to intramammary inoculation with staphylococci was determined. Susceptibility was determined by inoculation of bacteria through the teat canal directly into the gland sinus. In experiment 1, Staphylococcus aureus (Newbould 305, ATCC 29740) was inoculated into glands at various intervals throughout the nonlactating period. During the first month, 35 of 52 inoculated glands became infected (67.3%). During the month before parturition when 37 glands were inoculated, 36 became infected (97.3%). In experiment 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis (A-44) was inoculated into mammary glands. During the first month of the nonlactating period, 35 glands were inoculated and only 6 glands became infected (17%). During the month before parturition, 36 of 38 inoculated glands became infected (94%). It appears that the mammary gland is susceptible to staphylococcal infection during the nonlactating period, because all glands became infected when they were inoculated during the month before parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Relation between wall teichoic acid content of Bacillus subtilis and efficiency of adsorption of bacteriophages SP 50 and phi 25.

Efficient adsorption of bacteriophages SP 50 and phi 25 occurred only to bacilli that contained wall teichoic acid and neither phage bound to phosphate limited bacilli that contained teichuronic acid instead of teichoic acid. Though both phages require the presence of teichoic acid, their receptors are not identical. Efficient binding of phage phi 25 required the presence of greater proportions of teichoic acid in the wall and the receptor for this phage was destroyed when bacteria or isolated walls were heated at pH 4 whereas the ability of these samples to bind phage SP 50 was unaffected by such treatment. Efficient binding of phage SP 50 was not highly dependent on the presence of glucosyl substituents on the teichoic acid. Such substituents were required for phage phi 25 binding though their anomeric configuration appeared to be unimportant since the phages bound well to both strains W23 and 168, the wall teichoic acids of which carry glucosyl substituents of opposite anomeric configuration. The differences in the nature of the receptors may be of value in the use of the phages as probes for the location and distribution of teichoic acid in the wall.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Risk factors and late recurrence of angina following myocardial revascularization.

To assess the influence of risk factors on the recurrence of angina several years after myocardial revascularization, 316 patients were studied. We report that 249 patients obtained relief of angina from coronary bypass surgery and remained free of angina up to 4 years later. The remaining 67 patients experienced initial relief of angina 1 year following bypass surgery and then, subsequently, redeveloped angina 4 years postsurgery. There was no statistical difference in any risk factor between patients who remained free of angina after myocardial revascularization and those who developed angina. Of the total 316 patients, 79% were free of angina 4 years after coronary bypass surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Smoking, alcohol and coronary artery occlusion.

The effects of smoking and alcohol intake on the extent of coronary artery occlusion were studied in 2989 men undergoing a diagnostic coronary arteriography. Smoking showed an exposure-related enhancing effect on the extent of coronary artery occlusion. Conversely, alcohol consumption demonstrated an attenuating dose-related effect, offsetting the increased coronary occlusion associated with smoking. Alcohol intake should be considered in studies evaluating the risk factors--coronary artery disease interaction.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Effects of drinking patterns on the relationship between alcohol an coronary occlusion.

Previous reports have described an inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of myocardial infarction or the extent of coronary artery occlusion. The study reported here explored the relationship between patterns of alcohol intake and coronary occlusion in 526 patients who have had coronary arteriography. Patients were characterized as regular drinkers, occasional drinkers and non-drinkers. Regular drinkers were further characterized as drinking relatively consistent amounts or variable amounts. The inverse correlation between amounts of alcohol consumed and coronary occlusion found in previous studies was reaffirmed. It was also observed that the pattern of alcohol intake was related to the degree of occlusion. Higher levels of occlusion were found among non-drinkers, occasional drinkers, and regular drinkers with patterns of variable intake, while significantly lower levels of occlusion were observed for regular drinkers who drank relatively consistent amounts (P = 0.014). Furthermore, while occlusion scores were inversely correlated with amounts consumed by regular drinkers with consistent intake (P = 0.019), drinkers with variable drinking patterns had higher occlusion scores regardless of amounts consumed. Analyses of serum lipids according to drinking patterns showed a significant association between the total/HDL cholesterol ratio and drinking patterns. These findings suggest that whatever attenuating effect alcohol consumption might exert on coronary occlusion, it appears to be reversed by a variable or sporadic pattern of alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Blood pressure and alcohol intake in heart patients.

The association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure has been studied in 2025 male and 282 female patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. The increase in amount of alcohol consumed correlated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure; this effect was especially pronounced in men over 50 years of age. The association was less marked in male patients under 50 years old, in women, and in patients on antihypertensive medication. Readings in the range of definitive hypertension were more prevalent among older patients consuming six or more drinks daily than in abstainers of the same age group.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Smoking, coronary artery occlusion, and nonfatal myocardial infarction.

The association of smoking with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied in 3,997 men who had coronary arteriography. The patients were subdivided into groups based on coronary occlusion (minimal, moderate, or severe) and plasma cholesterol level (low, moderate, or high). For men older than 50 years, smoking was significantly associated with MI in each occlusion group. For men younger that 50 years, the association was significant for men with moderate or severe occlusion. In the presence of higher cholesterol levels there was a stronger association of smoking with MI, but weaker association association of smoking with coronary occlusion. These results suggest that the association of smoking with MI does not depend primarily on the atherogenic effect of smoking. The association seems to be enhanced by high levels of coronary occlusion and cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Group treatment of erectile by dysfunction for men without partners: a controlled evaluation.

This study utilized a control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of group treatment of erectile dysfunction in men without partners. Twenty-one men with secondary erectile dysfunction were randomly assigned to one of two men's groups with different cotherapy teams or to a waiting-list control condition. Results indicated that while the two men's groups did not differ on any clinical-outcome measures, each men's group improved significantly more than the waiting-list clients on a variety of measures concerning sexual attitudes and behaviors related to erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, most of the treatment gains for men's group participants were maintained at six-week and six-month follow-up evaluations. However, the men's group and waiting-list participants did not differ significantly in the reported frequency of erection difficulties following treatment. In comparing the present findings with those of previous studies of men's group treatment, it is hypothesized that the absence of significant change in the frequency of erection difficulties in the present study may have been attributable to the older age of our clients or to the relative lack of emphasis on dating-skills training in this treatment format. This study illustrates the importance of including some form of no-treatment control condition in the evaluation of new treatments for sexual dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ten-year follow-up in aortic valve replacement using the Björk-Shiley prosthesis.

An in-depth statistical analysis of early and late results of aortic valve replacement using the Björk-Shiley tilting-disc prosthesis is presented. Our experience with this prosthesis indicates that replacement carries a low surgical risk, a low incidence of complications (embolization, infection, or hemorrhage due to long-term use of anticoagulants), and good long-term survival. Coexisting coronary artery disease increases surgical mortality significantly, and simultaneous, complete revascularization is essential. Patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement did significantly better than those requiring other simultaneous procedures or those who had had previous operations. Earlier operation is imperative since progress of aortic valve disease is unpredictable by duration of symptoms, and patients in New York Heart Association Functional Class II have a low surgical risk and a greatly increased survival. It would appear from this study that additional criteria, such as increasing ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy determined by echocardiographic studies and gated nuclear studies showing deterioration of ejection fraction on exercise, should be used to help determine time of surgical intervention rather than symptomatology alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Dating skills training in the group treatment of erectile dysfunction for men without partners.

This study was a controlled evaluation of men's group treatment of erectile dysfunction that emphasized communication and dating skills training for men without partners. Following a 6-week pretreatment waiting period, 11 men were seen for 10 sessions in two men's groups led by different cotherapy teams. Several female guest therapists attended three sessions to help the men role-play a sequence of difficult social interactions. A series of communication/dating homework assignments was added to the weekly sensual/sexual assignments. The results indicated no improvement during the waiting control period, but significant improvement on measures of sexual attitudes and behaviors following treatment. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of erection difficulties before intercourse and a trend toward reduction of erection difficulties during intercourse. These improvements were maintained over a 6-month follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experimental intramammary infection of the dairy cow with Escherichia coli during the nonlactating period.

The nonlactating mammary gland was experimentally inoculated with Escherichia coli. During the first half of the nonlactating period, 32% of 34 inoculated glands were temporarily infected. All intramammary infections were eradicated by the cow without therapy and no signs of mastitis were observed. During the 30 days before parturition occurred, 88% of 42 inoculated glands in the cows became infected. Twenty-three intramammary infections were eradicated by the cow and infection in 14 glands persisted after parturition occurred. Peracute toxic mastitis occurred in those cows with infected glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with Streptococcus agalactiae during the nonlactating period.

Two experiments were done to determine the rate of intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cows during the nonlactating period. In experiment 1, all glands were equally exposed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae for the first 3 weeks after the start of the nonlactating period. Nearly all new IMI was caused by S agalactiae. In experiment 2, the susceptibility of nonlactating mammary glands to new IMI by S agalactiae after direct inoculation into the lactiferous sinus was determined. During the 1st month of the nonlactating period, 30% of inoculated glands became infected. During the last month of the nonlactating period, 90% of inoculated glands became infected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the early nonlactating period.

Total somatic cells in secretions of nonlactating bovine mammary glands remained less than 5 x 10(5) cells/ml for the first 3 days after the last milking. Macrophages predominated the 1st day, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were most common during the 2nd and 3rd day. The total somatic cell count was highest about 10 days after lactation ceased, and counts of 2 to 3 x 10(6) cells/ml were common. Equal numbers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were observed. Total cell populations gradually decreased during the period from 10 to 25 days of the nonlactating period.

Animals↗