Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Itoh.
Antibody against tumor-killing factor inhibited cytotoxic activities produced in vitro by mouse peritoneal macrophages and in vivo in the serum of tumor-bearing mice in response to Sarcophaga lectin. These results suggest that tumor-killing factor participates in the antitumor effect of Sarcophaga lectin.
The existence of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) has long been known, as far back as the age of Bárány. The term OKAN means nystagmus appearing after first inducing optokinetic nystagmus, and then the optokinetic stimulation is removed. It appears easily with the eyes open in a dark place. There have been various theories about the mechanism of the onset of OKAN. Sakata et al. previously classified the types of OKAN into the following 7 types: 1) The normal type, (2) the directional preponderance type, (3) the disinhibitory type, (4) the inversive type, (5) the inhibitory type, (6) the dysmetric type, (7) the clonic type. In the present study, the authors performed a vestibular equilibrium function inspection, including an OKAN inspection, on about 10,000 patients who visited the Department of Neuro-Otology with complaints of vertigo and equilibrium disturbance. The results of the inspection were classified in accordance with Sakata's method, and the diagnostic contribution of the OKAN inspection was examined. The diagnostic significance of the OKAN inspection is considered as follows: (1) This inspection can detect a very small difference between the left and right of nystagmus in the vestibular-optokinetic system, which difference cannot be detected with OKP inspection giving a rather strong stimulation or with the caloric test giving a non-physiological strong stimulation. (2) This can be a focal localization diagnostic method by the classification by type.
A tumor specific cytotoxic protein produced by the murine macrophage-like cell line J774.1 in response to stimulation with Sarcophaga lectin was purified to homogeneity in three steps from the culture medium. This cytotoxin, named tumor killing factor (TKF), was a protein with a molecular weight of 15,000, and aggregated forming an oligomer with a molecular weight of 48,000. Its amino acid composition was similar to that of human TNF. Purified TKF had a significant effect on transplanted murine ascites tumor sarcoma 180. The biological significance of TKF in terms of ontogeny is discussed from the view point of developmental biology.
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Sarcophaga lectin, a lectin purified from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae, was found to be therapeutically effective against both ascitic and solid tumors. It was especially effective when injected directly into or around nodules of the syngeneic tumor Meth A transplanted intradermally into BALB/c mice. It also induced cytotoxic activity against L-929 cells when it was added to the culture medium of macrophages in vitro. Similar cytotoxic activity was detected transiently in the serum when it was injected into the abdominal cavity of mice, in which sarcoma 180 cells had been inoculated. Probably, this cytotoxic activity induced by Sarcophaga lectin partly contributes to the elimination of tumors. The possible role of this cytotoxic activity is discussed from the viewpoint of ontogeny.
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On stimulation with Sarcophaga lectin, the mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1 secreted a factor like the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) into the culture medium. This factor was a protein with a molecular weight of 40000-45000, and was cytotoxic to L-929 cells, but not to normal embryonic fibroblasts. This factor was effective on both the ascites form and solid form of sarcoma 180 transplanted into ICR mice.
Urethane has been known for its transplacental carcinogenic effect in mice. Whether or not the treatment of urethane affects embryonic growth and development and induces chromosome aberrations in the embryonic cells in vitro was investigated using the mouse whole embryo culture method. Reports on experiments in vivo showed that lungs and liver were target organs of carcinogenic effects of urethane. In the present experiment, organ (lung and liver)-specific susceptibility to clastogenic effect of urethane was observed in cultured embryonic cells. Further, it is stressed that urethane induced chromosome breaks at concentrations lower than the threshold value for the retardation on embryonic growth and development. Comparing with clastogenic effect of 4NQO on cultured embryonic cells, the clastogenic action of urethane was examined to point out its characteristic feature as a clastogen with special reference to the carcinogenic effects obtained by in vivo experiment.
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We administered miconazole to patients with deep-seated fungal infections, to investigate into the clinical and mycological responses to the drug and also into its clinical safety. We also looked into the responses of amphotericin B (AMPH), flucytosine (5-FC) and the combination of the 2 drugs to deep mycoses in the past 10 years, for retrospective comparison of the findings achieved in the treatment with miconazole. A clinical response rate of 85% (29/34 patients) was achieved in the treatment of deep-seated fungal infections with miconazole. Mycologically, a fungus eradication rate of 79% (22/28 patients) and a fungus decrease rate of 11% (3/28) were achieved with the miconazole treatment, comparison of the response to miconazole alone and that to AMPH alone revealed that the former was significantly preferable. Side effects of miconazole were observed in 23% of the treated patients (15/66). Statistical analysis of the incidence of side effects of miconazole and that of AMPH showed that the former was significantly lower.
The effect of Sarcophaga lectin on mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1 was studied. It was found that this lectin induced significant morphological changes and stimulated glucose consumption of J774.1 cells. A similar effect was observed when bacterial lipopolysaccharide was added to the culture medium. However, although cells treated with lipopolysaccharide were not cytotoxic to allogeneic tumor cells, those treated with Sarcophaga lectin were found to acquire cytotoxicity. The physiological significance of Sarcophaga lectin is discussed from the viewpoint of comparative immunology.
Islet-activating protein (IAP) is one of the pertussis toxins. The ability of IAP to cause potentiation of insulin secretory responses and promotion of leukocytosis was studied in six animal species (hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and monkeys). The action of IAP on insulin secretion in the animals was estimated by three kinds of tests: effects on epinephrine hyperglycemia, plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations following the injection of stimuli, and glucose tolerance. Of all animals tested, IAP was most effective in hamsters. Marked hyperinsulinemia was also shown in IAP-treated dogs, rats and monkeys in response to insulin secretagogues, but their sensitivity to IAP was inferior to that of hamsters. In rabbits, IAP was markedly toxic, and the effect on insulin secretion was observed only slightly at a dose close to its minimal lethal dose. In addition, no significant effects of IAP were shown in guinea pigs in the present experiment. On the other hand, leukocytosis promoting activity of IAP appeared in a dose-dependent manner in all animal species; rabbits were the most sensitive to IAP in this regard. It is concluded that both actions of IAP appear differently in different animal species, and the species difference of the effect on insulin secretory responses is in agreement with that on histamine sensitizing activity.