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Biomedical subjects

A Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to A Ikeda.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Occurrence of paroxysmal synchronous EEG discharges in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease).

A 72-year-old patient with von Recklinghausen's disease showed akinetic mutism within 6 months of the onset of dementia. The findings of diffuse cerebral atrophy on CT and periodic synchronous discharges (PSDs) in EEG suggested Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. However, autopsy findings of diffuse softening of the subcortical white matter and marked arteriosclerotic changes of the subcortical arterioles with sparing of the cortex in the cerebrum confirmed a diagnosis of Binswanger's disease. Binswanger's disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of dementia showing PSDs in EEG.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Arterial embalming method of the cadaver and its application to research].

Ever since 1974, the cadaver has been embalmed by the arterial embalming method, using pre-embalming fluid with blood clot disperser and cell conditioner for the removal of blood clots and drainage of blood, at the Department of Anatomy of the Kawasaki Medical School. According to this method, the cadavers are always very well fixed so that they can be used for not only anatomical dissection but also research for the vascular system by vasography, kinematics of the joint and other histologic examinations. In this report we have described our embalming procedure concretely and its application to research.

Angiography↗
PubMed1993

[A case of gastric malignant lymphoma markedly responding to chronic daily and oral administration of low-dose etoposide].

A 71-year-old woman was diagnosed as malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffused mixed cell type) which involved gastric lesions. Combined chemotherapies were undertaken using VCR, CPA, 4-epi-ADM and PRED and then etoposide, 4-epi-ADM and PRED. After about 5 months, recurrent lesions were revealed in the right supraclavicular lymph node, so we conducted additional chemotherapy. However, the patient rejected intravenous therapy and required out-patient therapy, so daily oral administration of etoposide (50 mg/day) was carried out. Because of the toxicities of alopecia, the dose was reduced to 50 mg every other day, then to 25 mg every other day. No recurrent signs have been seen for the past 3 years. Bone marrow suppression was little. Chronic oral administration of low-dose etoposide is the potential salvage therapy of gastric malignant lymphoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Chronic herpes simplex encephalitis initially presenting with persistent myoclonus].

A 59-year-old female patient with atypical chronic herpes simplex encephalitis was reported. Initial symptom was persistent myoclonus involving the trunk and limb muscles, and later lateral gaze palsy to the left side, cerebellar ataxia, consciousness disturbance and other brainstem symptoms including absence of corneal and gag reflex and vocal cord palsy developed. The patient was successfully treated with high dose of acyclovir. Electroencephalogram was normal in the initial stage but later showed diffuse slow waves. Although CT scan and MRI showed no abnormal finding in the cerebral cortex, brainstem lesion was observed on PD weighted image of MRI. Lumbar puncture yielded a clear cerebrospinal fluid, with slightly elevated protein, increased lymphocytes, and elevated titer of herpes simplex virus type I. The serological data, albumin ratio (10.3), antibody index (12.3) and antibody ratio (7.1) were consistent with herpes simplex encephalitis. Ten days' administration of acyclovir, 1,200 mg a day and repeated three times, was prominently effective for the myoclonus and consciousness disturbance. A diagnosis of chronic herpes simplex encephalitis initially presenting with brainstem encephalitis was made. Judging from the clinical and EEG findings, the brainstem lesion was initially thought to be a cause of myoclonus in this case. However, somatosensory evoked potential (SPE) of both upper and lower extremities revealed enlarged amplitude (giant SEP), and long loop reflex was enhanced (C-reflex) on the left. Giant SEP and C-reflex imply cerebral cortex as the origin of the myoclonus. Brainstem inflammatory lesion might have involved the ascending inhibitory system, thus disinhibiting the cortical sensorimotor area and causing cortical myoclonus.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of theophylline on ventilatory regulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The effects and the mechanism of single and long-term administration of theophylline on ventilatory regulation were investigated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses during CO2 rebreathing were measured before and 4 hours after oral, single administration of theophylline in 15 patients with pulmonary emphysema, 15 patients with asthma and 10 healthy subjects. Ventilatory response to CO2 (VE/PCO2) was increased in patients with asthma and P0.1 response to CO2 (P0.1/PaCO2) was increased in patients with pulmonary emphysema after single theophylline administration. In patients with pulmonary emphysema, the increase in P0.1 was more marked than that in maximum inspiratory pressure static (MIPS). The effect of long-term administration of theophylline was studied in 8 patients with COPD and 8 patients with restrictive lung disease. In patients with COPD, P0.1/PaCO2 was significantly increased and the increase was maintained until three months later. These findings suggest that theophylline is effective in improving ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to CO2 in patients with asthma probably by its bronchodilating effect, and in patients with pulmonary emphysema by its direct effect on the ventilatory control system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Comparative anatomical studies of arteriographs of the hand and foot in primates including man.

In this study we have tried not only to report the variations in the arteries of the hand in Hominoidea (Pongidae and Hominidae) and the frequency with which these deviations occur, but also to deal with them phylogenetically and ontogenically. The arterial system of the human hand and foot are considered to have changed from the ground plan of Old World monkeys. In this paper, the entire arterial system of the primates including man (Cercopithecidae, Pongidae and Hominidae) is discussed in a stereoscopic analysis of angiographs. In the hand, a three-dimensional angiographic analysis of the deep palmar arterial arches and their correlating arteries revealed the following features. In Cercopithecidae, 3 deep palmar arches are formed by branches of the 2nd dorsal metacarpal artery: 2 proximal arches (the catella volaris proximalis and arcus volaris profundus) and 1 distal arch (the catella volaris distalis). The palmar intermetacarpal arteries arise from the catella volaris proximalis and the palmar metacarpal arteries arise from the arcus volaris profundus. In Pongidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and the catella volaris proximalis is more developed than the arcus volaris profundus. In Hominidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and they consist of the arcus volaris profundus and an incomplete catella volaris distalis. This change may have been caused by the development of the thumb and its effect on finger movements. In the foot of Macaques, the saphenous artery, instead of the anterior tibial artery, reaches the dorsum of the foot and its branches supply most of the foot. The dorsal arteries are dominant as far as the metatarsal spaces of the lateral four toes. The 2nd dorsal metatarsal artery shows a tendency to be the single dominant artery and to give rise to even 4th plantar common digital artery through the catella plantaris distalis. This tendency was observed more clearly in other macaque species than the Japanese monkey. The perforating branch at the second proximal metatarsal space forms the arcus plantaris profundus, which is accompanied by the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve. Beneath the arch, the catella plantaris proximalis is formed on the metatarsal bones among the perforating branches of dorsal metatarsal arteries. The posterior tibial artery forms the arcus plantaris superficialis, whose thin branches commonly enter the plantar common digital arteries. As described above, some similar arterial patterns in the hand and foot are ones that are secondarily acquired in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

A new look at the blood supply of the retro-ocular space. Three-dimensional analysis of the arterial pattern of the posterior ciliary artery.

A study of the arterial architecture of the orbit, especially the ophthalmic artery and the course of the posterior ciliary artery in the retroocular space, was carried out in 198 cadavers by three-dimensional arteriographic analysis. The posterior ciliary arteries were classified into three types: lateral posterior ciliary, medial posterior ciliary, and accessory posterior ciliary arteries. Both the lateral and medial posterior ciliary arteries reach the eyeball in three ways: (1) they run antero-inferiorly in a winding course to the posterior margin of the eyeball, then shift upward vertically at a 60-90 degree angle and reach the eyeball, where they divide into several ciliary branches (69%); (2) after a similar course, others branch to the eyeball from the superior side (29.3%); or (3) they reach the eyeball in an almost straight course along the optic nerve (1.7%). The fundamental characteristics of these three types of posterior ciliary artery pattern also exist in subhuman primates.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Automatic EEG interpretation: a new computer-assisted system for the automatic integrative interpretation of awake background EEG.

A new computer-assisted system for automatic interpretation of the awake electroencephalogram (EEG) was developed. First, all the items necessary for EEG interpretation were determined in accordance with the procedure that a qualified electroencephalographer (EEGer) goes through for the visual inspection of the background EEG activity, and then each item was defined quantitatively. For the automatic interpretation, specific EEG parameters were determined for each item so that they could fit the graded judgement of the item by the qualified EEGer as closely as possible. These specific EEG parameters were actually calculated from periodograms obtained from the time series of EEG records of 14 patients with various neurological diseases. The automatic EEG interpretation system thus established was applied to the EEG data of these 14 subjects and to 3 additional EEGs, and the results were compared with those obtained through the visual interpretation by the EEGer. This automatic EEG interpretation was found to be in good agreement with the visual interpretation by the EEGer in most EEG records. In contrast with the previous automatic analyses of EEG which were focussed on certain aspects of EEG such as the dominant rhythm, the present system is unique in its capability of providing an integrative interpretation of the spontaneous awake EEG by taking into account all its features except for paroxysmal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Carbon dioxide and oxygen budgets of a plant cultural system in a CELSS--a case of cultivation of lettuce and turnips.

In order to collect basic data about CO2 and O2 budgets of a plant cultural system in a CELSS, the variation of the CO2 absorption rates of lettuce and turnips were observed during the growing period, under different conditions. The O2 release rates were deduced from the CO2 absorption rates multiplied by 32/44. As a result, when the light intensity, the photoperiod and the atmospheric CO2 concentration increased, the rates also increased. The effects on the turnips were more significant than those on the lettuce. Turnips at 310 micromoles/m2/s of PPFD, 24 hours of photoperiod and 1100 ppm of CO2 concentration grew most actively in the present experimental conditions. One turnip absorbed 32.3 g CO2 and released 23.5 g O2 for 6 days between 24 days and 30 days after sowing.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1992

Movement-related potentials recorded from supplementary motor area and primary motor area. Role of supplementary motor area in voluntary movements.

Movement-related potentials (MRPs) were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted in the interhemispheric fissure in two patients being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Different types of movements (finger, foot, tongue and vocalization) were executed. Foot movements elicited a clearly defined, well-localized slow negativity or positivity (Bereitschaftspotential, BP) preceding electromyogram (EMG) onset. These BPs were seen from the contralateral primary motor foot area and also from bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) with equivalent amplitudes and temporal evolutions. A steeper potential [negative slope (NS')] occurred about 300 ms before EMG onset and the motor potential (MP) started 100 ms before EMG onset. Negative slopes and MPs also arose from the contralateral primary motor area as well as from the bilateral SMAs. Finger movements elicited well-localized BPs and NS' which were generated from the bilateral SMAs, but were of higher amplitude on the contralateral SMA. Motor potentials started 50 ms prior to EMG onset and arose exclusively from the contralateral SMA. Tongue protrusions and vocalizations also elicited BP, NS' and MP which were seen in the bilateral SMAs. Movement-related potentials for different types of movements had a somatotopic distribution in the SMA, which was consistent with the SMA somatotopic organization defined by electrical simulation. Movement-related potentials for tongue movements and vocalization had a similar distribution and waveform. It was concluded that bilateral SMAs generate well-defined MRPs consistent with the assumption that the SMA plays a significant role in the organization of voluntary movements. However, the MRPs from the bilateral SMAs do not have characteristics which are different from those of the primary motor area. This suggests the hypothesis of 'supplementary' function for SMA, and does not support the hypothesis of 'supramotor' function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Invasive recording of movement-related cortical potentials in humans.

Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), especially the premovement components seen only in association with voluntary movements, may represent the higher brain functions related to preparation for voluntary movements. Recent advances in many aspects (single unit and field potential recordings in animals, intracranial recording of MRCPs in epileptic patients, magnetoencephalography, and positron emission tomography) have provided new information about the physiological significance of MRCPs. In contrast to the findings on scalp recordings, in which the early potentials prior to movement onset are seen more widely, the main cortical generators appear to be discretely localized in bilateral primary and supplementary motor areas with a contralateral predominance. This review outlines the findings in scalp-recorded MRCPs and compares them with the results of invasive recordings, paying special attention to their physiological significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The vasculature and clinical application of the posterior tibial perforator-based flap.

Use of the posterior tibial flap pedicled on the posterior tibial vessels has been described by several authors, but with it there is the major disadvantage of an unavoidable transection of the posterior tibial artery. To overcome this disadvantage, we anatomically studied the perforators from the posterior tibial artery and used posterior tibial perforator-based flaps clinically. Based on our anatomic study of 25 cadaveric legs, the cutaneous perforators were considered to be distributed from the distal to the proximal sides of the lower leg through the medial border of the tibia, and they were classified into three types: septocutaneous perforators mainly located in the distal third of the leg, muscle perforators located in the proximal half, and periosteal perforators in the proximal third of the leg. The average size and number of perforators was 0.8 mm and 3.1 in one leg, respectively. A considerable number were located at sites from 70 to 140 mm superior to the medial malleolus. Based on our clinical cases repaired with flaps, we consider this flap to be useful as a free flap for the repair of defects of the extremities and as an island flap for reconstruction of defects on the anteromedial aspect of the lower leg. The territory of the flap is relatively wide, being 19 x 13 cm. The long saphenous vein can be used safely as the venous drainage system in the case of free-flap transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Intracranial paramedian hourglass-shaped dermoid associated with hereditary steatocystoma multiplex.

This is the first report to describe the coexistence of two rare diseases, intracranial paramedian hourglass-shaped dermoid and steatocystoma multiplex. A 46-year-old female with a history of steatocystoma multiplex, bradydactylies and kyphosis showed oscillopsia, ataxia and hemifacial spasm. MRI findings suggested a giant dermoid cyst extending from the left middle temporal fossa to the cerebellopontine angle, and this was confirmed surgically. We propose the involvement of some genetic factor or pathological process common to both disorders, steatocystoma multiplex and dermoid. From the clinical point of view, patients with cystic skin lesion should also be checked for intracranial lesion.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Difference between horizontal enlargement and vertical enlargement of the internal auditory meatus in acoustic neuroma].

Twenty-one patients with acoustic neuroma were investigated. The vertical diameter of the internal auditory meatus was measured by polytomography, the horizontal by target imaging CT. The ratio of the abnormal side to the normal side was calculated in each dimension. Two dimensional ratios were compared with each other in order to investigate the difference between horizontal and vertical enlargement of the internal auditory meatus. The results were as follows: 1) Horizontal enlargement of the internal auditory meatus was greater than that of the vertical one in 15 cases (75%). Vertical enlargement was greater in 6 cases but the difference between the two dimensions was not significant. 2) With horizontal enlargement, the posterior wall of the internal auditory meatus was more extended or destroyed than that of anterior wall. 3) With enlargement of the posterior wall, the bony eminence forming the inner side of the porus was predominantly extended or destroyed in every case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Craniotomy for lesions in the cerebral convexity; how to precisely localize the lesions with conventional CT slices].

A simple direct precise localization with a CT scan for convexity lesions is presented. The shape of the normal calvarium was analyzed and a characteristic pattern was obtained, that is, one spherical surface in the frontal area and 6 flat planes in the temporal, parietal and occipital areas. The temporal plane is perpendicular to the orbito-meatal line (OML), while the parietal plane declined 29 degrees in the A-P view, and the occipital plane declined 60 degrees in the lateral view. A summit of these three planes forming the parietal tubercle, and the crest following the tubercle between the parietal and occipital planes were detected either by CT scan, or by palpating the skull. Conventional methods of preoperative localization include measurement and calculation from the base line such as OML, or obtaining a CT scan with a marker on the scalp. The former might have an error that will be amplified in the parietal region that would not be negligible. The latter is a rather troublesome method demanding that the CT scan be taken after shaving the hair. Landmarks utilized for the localization should be identified both on the CT scan and on the scalp or skull. These involved OML, coronal suture, parietal tubercle, inion, pineal body, midline and so on. Of these, the coronal suture runs almost perpendicular to the OML and would be the best landmark for the localization in the parietal area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Intracranial arterial reconstructive surgery for unclippable aneurysms. An application of microvascular suturing.

Intracranial arterial reconstructive techniques were used in three patients for whom conventional neck clipping was not feasible due to the size, location or symptoms of their aneurysms. In the first case, complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage, a giant aneurysm in the right middle cerebral artery was excised and the stump of the parent arteries was reconstructed in end-to-end and end-to-side fashion. The second case had a large thrombosed aneurysm in the left vertebral artery compressing the medulla oblongata, with small perforators originating from the proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) feeding the brainstem. The PICA was transposed to cerebellar cortical artery and the aneurysm excised. The third case presented with TIA and small infarctions were observed in the left thalamus. A giant, partially thrombosed, aneurysm in the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was trapped with a revascularization of the distal PCA from the superior cerebellar artery in side-to-side fashion. Indications for these intracranial arterial reconstructions in aneurysmal surgery were discussed and pertinent literature was reviewed.

Adolescent↗