Biomedical subjects

A Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to A Ikeda.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Changes in endogenous growth hormone secretion and onset of puberty in transgenic rats expressing human growth hormone gene.

A chimeric gene comprising murine whey acidic protein (mWAP) and human growth hormone (hGH) was used to produce transgenic rats that express hGH and secrete it into the blood. Two lines of transgenic rats carrying the mWAP/hGH construct were established: Line 1 was characterized by relatively high levels of serum hGH, and Line 2 had relatively low levels. The secretory profiles of rat GH (rGH) as well as hGH, the transgene product, were obtained in transgenic males and females of Line 2; both hGH and rGH serum levels were flattened with no episodic fluctuations, and the overall mean concentration of rGH was significantly lower than in normal littermates. Although the animals of Line 1 showed an accelerated increase in growth rate, those of Line 2 did not. Nevertheless, the onset of puberty in females, as assessed by vaginal opening and occurrence of first ovulation, advanced by 7-8 days in both Lines of animals. Accordingly, the body weight at puberty of Line 2 transgenic females was much lower than that of normal littermates, indicating that continuous hGH expression could induce precocious puberty without enhancing the growth rate.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1994

[A case of rhinosporidiosis].

Rhinosporidiosis is due to fungal infection by Rhinosporidium seeberi, which affects predominantly the mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx. This disease is characterized by the formation of papillomatous and polypoid lesions and is known to be endemic in India and Sri Lanka. The first case of rhinosporidiosis in Japan is reported in this paper. A 25-year-old male Indian, born in India, living in Japan for a year, visited the outpatient clinic complaining of nasal obstruction and swallowing pain. A friable, irregular, reddish polypoid mass was found in the right nasal cavity. Endoscopy as well as plain X-ray and CT examination showed that the mass originated from the right inferior turbinate and extended into the choana without any sign of bone destruction. The mass removed under general anesthesia showed the typical feature of rhinosporidiosis, that is, papillomatous hyperplasia of the mucosa with sporangia full of spores in different stages of development. One year after treatment, no relapse has been seen in this case.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Clinical evaluation of the Endosearch sampler in endometrial cytology-a preliminary report.

The clinical value of the Endosearch endometrial cell sampling device was assessed in 94 cases managed in our outpatient clinic. The Endosearch could be easily inserted into the uterine cavity in 91 (96.8%) of 94 cases without analgesia. Pain and prolonged bleeding accompanied by the insertion of the Endosearch occurred in eight (8.8%) and six (6.6%) of 91 cases, respectively. Satisfactory material for cytologic diagnosis of the endometrial state was obtained in 90(98.9%) of 91 cases, which were comparable to those with the Endocyte. On the other hand, the endometrial tissue samples could be simultaneously obtained with the Endosearch in 78 (85.7%) of 91 cases, and histologic diagnosis was possible in 69(88.5%) of 78 cases. Among them, three of five cases with endometrial hyperplasia and four of five cases with endometrial carcinoma could be correctly diagnosed by the Endosearch histologically. These results suggest that outpatient investigation of the endometrial state by the Endosearch sampler is quite useful not only in cytologic diagnosis but also in histologic evaluation of endometrial lesions.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Efficacy and short-term effects of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-Co A reductase, on hypercholesterolemia in climacteric women.

The effects of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, on serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 86 patients (36 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women) suffering from primary hypercholesterolemia. The effects of this lipid-lowering drug on serum gonadotropins and sex steroids are also reported. Pravastatin produced a mean reduction in serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) of 24.7%, triglyceride (TG) of 30.0%, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHO) of 36.0% after treatment for three months. The drug also produced a mean increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO) of 1.4% after three months. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels were not significantly changed from pre-therapy levels in either pre- or post-menopausal women after treatment for six months. Pravastatin is well-tolerated for six months and is a very effective lipid lowering agent with no effects on the biosynthesis of sex steroids. These findings suggest that pravastatin can be used for treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia in women around menopause.

Climacteric↗

PubMed1994

[Intractable epilepsy--neurophysiological evaluation and indication for surgical treatment].

Medically intractable epilepsy, defined as the clinical attacks occurring at least once a month in spite of appropriate antiepileptic drug treatments, is one of the commonest disorders in the clinical neurology. Since surgical treatment of epilepsy is successful in selected patients, it is most important to delineate the epileptogenic focus and functions of adjacent cortical areas as precisely as possible. Recent advances in electrophysiology, magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have enabled us to elucidate the epileptogenic focus noninvasively without involving the conventional invasive EEG recording techniques. We evaluated 37 patients with intractable partial seizures by using prolonged video/EEG monitoring with sphenoidal or T1/T2 electrodes. MRI, ictal and interictal SPECT for blood flow measurement and interictal FDG-PET for glucose metabolism. Among 20 patients with intractable epilepsy who had a single ictal focus, PET, ictal SPECT and MRI findings were correlated with the ictal EEG finding with the concordance rate of 100, 86 and 75%, respectively. If all of those findings were convergent upon a single focus, then the surgical treatment with intraoperative corticography is most likely effective without employing any invasive recording. If those findings were divergent, then the invasive evaluation will be indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Reduction of EDA(+) fibronectin and its clinical importance on cryofiltration.

Cryofiltration (CRYO) removes cryogel, which is a combination of fibrinogen (Fbg) and fibronectin (FN), containing pathological substances. The purpose of this study was to measure cryogel EDA(+) FN and study the relationship between EDA(+) FN and clinical symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, SLE and polymyositis. Cryogel contains 51 times more EDA(+) FN than plasma. The patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a high level of EDA(+) FN in their plasma, and the EDA(+) FN level in plasma corresponded with changes in joint pain. We calculated the clearance level at several points in cryofiltration, and the reduction enabled us to evaluate the CRYO device. The EDA(+) FN clearance was 23.3 +/- 6.4 ml/min, the pFN clearance 16.5 +/- 4.1 ml/min, and the Fbg clearance 22.9 +/- 5.7 ml/min. As the plasma flow in cryofiltration was 30 ml/min, a clearance of EDA(+) FN and Fbg, approximately 23 ml/min, was obviously high. The study of the plasma level change of EDA(+) FN during cryofiltration revealed a temporary elevation. These results suggest that the EDA(+) FN was most efficiently reduced by cryofiltration, would become a good indicator on plasmapheresis, and might move from other tissues into the blood during cryofiltration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[An investigation on risk factors relating to the treatment difficulty in originally treated pulmonary tuberculosis cases].

In order to investigate whether so-called risk factors relating to treatment difficulty are true risk or not, treatment results of 520 in-patients originally treated for pulmonary tuberculosis during 12 years' period from 1980 to 1991 in our hospital were analyzed. The proportion of cases with so-called risk factors among total 520 cases was as follows: Aged patients (70 years of age and over) 31.5%. Cases discharging abundant bacilli in sputum (Gaffky scale VII or above or culture, +3 positive) 29.4%. Adverse reactions to drugs 18.1%. Far advanced cavitary lesions (GAKKAI Classification I or II3) 15.6%. Relative risk of various risk factors in cases of group A (died of tuberculosis), group B (showed delay in the negative conversion of bacilli; namely, cases converted to negative only 4th month of treatment or later) and group C (cases of groups A and B) were calculated comparing with cases of the control group (pretreatment negative bacilli cases or cases converted to negative within 3 months). In cases of group A died of tuberculosis, the results were as follows; pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge 3.1, far advanced cavitary lesions 4.6, emaciation and/or malnutrition 5.1. Other risk factors identified were the following; unhealthy life style 4.0, severe gastrointestinal tract disease 3.9, impaired pulmonary function 3.3, complicated infections 3.2, cerebrovascular injuries including psychosis and nervous system diseases 2.3, diabetes mellitus 2.0, and the adverse reactions to drugs 1.9. In cases of group B showing delay in the negative conversion of bacilli, significant risk factors were pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge, far advanced cavitary lesions, emaciation and/or malnutrition and diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Artificial conditioner for stored organs.

We have developed an artificial organ conditioning system in order not only to condition but also evaluate the viability for transplant graft of kidneys which have been stored for a long time and damaged by warm ischaemia following cardiac arrest. The conditioning system consisted of an artificial lung, a roller pump, an organ chamber and perfusate. The perfusate was prepared with electrolytes, fluorocarbon, amino acid, glucose, an oxygen scavenger and so on. Conditioning was performed by continuous perfusion under mild hypothermia at 24 degrees C. Mildly damaged kidneys (0 and 30 minutes warm ischaemia rabbit kidneys) were well conditioned but severely damaged kidneys failed to produce urination. Our device successfully exposed the viability of stored kidneys and the successful conditioning of damaged kidneys due to warm ischaemia avoiding transplantation. By establishing our method, the harvesting of kidneys following cardiac arrest will be feasible.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Ictal electroencephalographic findings and clinical seizure types in postencephalitic epilepsy].

A prolonged video/electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring was performed in two patients with intractable epilepsy after adult onset acute encephalitis. Clinically both patients were thought to have a localized epileptogenic focus because of the single stereotyped clinical seizures by history in two patients, and a well localized lesion shown by MRI in one patient. The video/EEG monitoring, however, revealed multiple EEG foci ictally as well as interictally in both patients. Moreover, both patients were found to have at least two different patterns of clinical seizures. In patients with adult onset postencephalitic epilepsy, therefore, it is necessary and important to evaluate enough number of seizures by prolonged video/EEG monitoring even if seizures are clinically stereotyped by history and localized lesions are present on brain imaging.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Arteries to the great and second toes based on three-dimensional analysis of 100 cadaveric feet.

Three-dimensional arteriography was used to analyse the arterial supply of the great and second toes of 100 cadaveric feet down to the microsurgical level. This information will aid in successful composite tissue transfers of these toes to the hand. The arterial blood supply of the great toe came principally from the first dorsal metatarsal a. (78%) and the first plantar metatarsal a. (22%), and secondarily from the medial tarsal aa. and the three terminal branches of the medial plantar a. For the second toe, the first dorsal metatarsal a. (78%) and the first plantar metatarsal a. (22%) supplied blood from the medial side, and the second dorsal metatarsal a. (78%) and the second plantar metatarsal a. (22%) supplied blood from the lateral side. Seven arterial patterns were found in the interdigital web space. The so-called general pattern was seen in the first web space in 65% of the feet examined. In the second web space it was found in 85%. The first intermetatarsal space sometimes contained a large artery arising directly from the dorsalis pedis or first proximal perforating a. as well as the first dorsal and first plantar metatarsal arteries. In this space, arterial patterns were classified into 4 types and 9 subtypes based on the origins and proximal courses of these arteries. The so-called standard pattern was found in only 19% of the feet, while an arterial pattern with a common proximal trunk on the plantar side for the first dorsal and first plantar metatarsal aa. was found most frequently (46%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Movement-related potentials associated with single and repetitive movements recorded from human supplementary motor area.

To clarify the differences of movement-related potentials (MRPs) between single and repetitive movements, MRPs with finger movements were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted on the supplementary motor area (SMA) in 2 patients, and MRPs with foot movements were recorded simultaneously from the SMA and the primary motor foot area in 1 patient. Repetitive movements did not elicit larger pre-movement potentials in the SMA as compared with single movements in all 3 patients. In the negative motor area, where electrical stimulation elicited inhibitory responses of voluntary movements and which is located at the rostral part of the SMA, pre-movement potentials to either single or repetitive movements were of approximately equal amplitude in 1 out of 3 patients. It is, therefore, most likely that the SMA plays an equally significant role in preparation for single and repetive voluntary movements.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement.

In order to clarify the roles played by the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area in the execution of complex sequential and simple repetitive finger movements, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with PET using 15O-labelled water in five normal subjects. The PET data of each individual subject co-registered to his own MRI, was analysed. Compared with the resting condition, the mean rCBF was markedly increased in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (M1-S1) and moderately increased in the contralateral cingulate gyrus and putamen in both the simple and complex motor tasks. During the complex motor task, in addition to the above, the mean rCBF was markedly increased in the supplementary motor area and the contralateral premotor area, and moderately increased in the ipsilateral M1-S1 and cerebellum. In the supplementary motor area, there was a moderate rCBF increase also during the simple task. However, comparison of the mean rCBF increase against the resting condition between the two tasks revealed a greater increase during the complex task than in the other only in the supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral M1-S1. Thus, in agreement with our previous electrophysiological findings, not only the supplementary motor area but also the M1-S1 seems to play an important role in the execution of complex sequential finger movements.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The gluteal perforator-based flap for repair of sacral pressure sores.

A gluteal perforator-based flap employing the gluteus maximus muscle perforators located around the sacrum is described. A cadaveric study disclosed the existence of several significant perforators all around the gluteal region. Among these, the parasacral perforators originating from the internal pudendal artery and lateral sacral artery have proven useful for the repair of sacral pressure sores. A total of eight decubitus in seven patients were treated with gluteal perforator-based flaps. There were no postoperative complications, such as flap necrosis and wound infection, with the exception of fistula formation in one case. This flap requires no transection or sacrifice of the gluteus maximus muscle, and elevation time for the flap is short. However, the perforators are located at various sites and thus require some careful dissection.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

A study of the arterial supply in the human rectus femoris muscle.

The rectus femoris muscles have been used in reconstructive surgery, although their vascular anatomy has not been examined in detail. Thus, using cadavers, we have analyzed the extramuscular vascular pattern of 40 rectus femoris muscles and the intramuscular vascular pattern in 27 of these 40 muscles by means of an injected radiopaque substance and subsequent arteriography. The arterial patterns seen, depending on their relationship to the intramuscular tendon, then were classified as follows: type 1a (13 muscles), type 1b (3 muscles), type 2 (7 muscles), and type 3 (4 muscles). In the type 1a pattern, most of a muscle belly was supplied by one artery, but this was not seen in the other pattern types. We also observed an average of 2.6 musculocutaneous perforators. Therefore, in planning a free muscle transfer, the anatomic characteristics of the muscle should be kept in mind.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Interaction of dietary protein and alpha-linolenic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver microsomal phospholipids and eicosanoid production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of dietary protein, either casein (CAS) or soybean protein (SOY), on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of liver microsomal phospholipids and eicosanoid production was compared in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed diets containing perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid. In normal rats the linoleic acid desaturation index in liver microsomal phospholipids was significantly higher in the CAS group than in the SOY group, whereas it was reversed in diabetic rats. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased in diabetic rats, in particular those fed SOY, whereas it was vice versa for arachidonic acid (AA). The ratio of aortic prostacyclin production to platelet thromboxane A2 production decreased only in diabetic rats fed SOY reflecting a reduction of the EPA/AA ratio. Thus, dietary protein differently modified the PUFA composition and eicosanoid balance even in the diabetic rat. In this respect, alpha-linolenic acid seemed to be less influential than linoleic acid.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Is oral theophylline effective in combination with both inhaled anticholinergic agent and inhaled beta 2-agonist in the treatment of stable COPD?

To investigate the additive effect of oral theophylline on combined inhaled anticholinergic agent and beta 2-agonist therapy, 12 patients with stable COPD (64.6 +/- 5.9 years) completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of oral theophylline for a 4-week period (400 mg for 2 weeks, followed by 600 mg for 2 weeks). All of the patients continued to inhale both salbutamol, 200 micrograms, and ipratropium bromide, 40 micrograms, using a metered-dose inhaler four times a day. Spirometry was assessed before, and 15 and 60 min after the inhalation of bronchodilators at 2-week intervals. Even after the inhalation of salbutamol and ipratropium, theophylline significantly improved FEV1 and daily peak expiratory flow rate compared with the placebo. No significant improvement in the daily symptom scores for cough, sputum, wheezing, or shortness of breath was observed throughout the different phases of treatment. This study shows that the additive bronchodilating effect of theophylline, when used in combination with salbutamol, 200 micrograms, and ipratropium, 40 micrograms, is significant but small in stable COPD. The addition of theophylline did not significantly improve the patient's symptoms. Oral theophylline, when used in combination with an inhaled anticholinergic agent and an inhaled beta 2-agonist, may be of limited value in the treatment of stable COPD.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

A comparison of the bronchodilating effects of oxitropium bromide and fenoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Oxitropium bromide is a novel anticholinergic bronchodilator agent. The purpose of this study was to compare the bronchodilating and cardiovascular effects of oxitropium (0.2 mg), fenoterol (0.4 mg), combined oxitropium and fenoterol (0.2 mg and 0.4 mg, respectively) over a 10-h test period. Fourteen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1, 0.95 +/- 0.38L) were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Combined oxitropium and fenoterol produced significantly greater improvements in FEV1 over a time span of 15 min to 10 h and in the area under the time-FEV1 curve (AUC) than either oxitropium or fenoterol alone. The effects of oxitropium on both FEV1 and AUC values were similar to those of fenoterol. Oxitropium resulted in a greater increase in FEV1 than the placebo even after 10 h. In contrast; fenoterol produced a significant improvement in the FEV1 for only 15 min to 4 h. Oxitropium showed no adverse cardiovascular effects, whereas fenoterol was associated with an increased heart rate at 15 min and 1 h after the administration. We conclude that oxitropium bromide is an effective and safe bronchodilator for even elderly patients with COPD.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in rat placenta.

20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) (EC.1.1.1.149) is the enzyme which catabolizes progesterone to 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OHP), a biologically inactive steroid, and is distributed in a variety of tissues including non-steroid-producing tissues. In the present study, changes in cytosolic 20 alpha-HSD activity were investigated in rat placental tissues and its relationship to embryonic mortality was considered; the mesometrial endometrium (including the ectoplacental cone) on days 8-11 of pregnancy (day 0 = estrus), and the chorioallantoic placenta and visceral yolk sac (vitelline membrane) on days 12-21 were separately subjected to measurement of the enzyme activity. 20 alpha-HSD activity was not detected in the chorioallantoic placenta until day 20 and then increased dramatically on day 21. Interestingly, considerable activity of the enzyme was found in the visceral yolk sac from days 14 to 21 and in the mesometrial endometrium from days 8 to 10, whereas it was undetectable in these tissues on days 11 and 12. Analysis of DEAE column chromatography revealed that these tissues contain two different types of 20 alpha-HSD (HSD-1 and HSD-2). By an immunohistochemical method, with polyclonal antiserum to rat 20 alpha-HSD, decidual cells and trophoblastic giant cells adjacent to the ectoplacental cone (day 10), spongiotrophoblasts and visceral yolk sac cells (days 21) were positively stained. The number of fetuses on day 10 of pregnancy was 15.4 and decreased significantly to 12.9 on day 12.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗