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Biomedical subjects

A Hornsleth

Publications and source records attributed to A Hornsleth.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Detection by ELISA of IgA and IgM antibodies in secretion and IgM antibodies in serum in primary lower respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Twenty-six infants and children with primary lower RS virus infection, diagnosed by the detection of RS virus in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) by use of immunofluorescent antibody (FA) technique, were studied with respect to the presence of IgA and IgM antibodies. Samples of NPS and serum obtained during the first 3-4 months following the beginning of illness, were investigated. Employing a reverse ELISA technique, we found IgM antibodies in the acute, but not during the convalescent, phase of illness in NPS from 20 of the patients and in serum from 21 of the patients. The majority of the IgM antibody conversions observed occurred in NPS as well as in serum on days 5-8 following the illness. RS virus IgA antibodies, also detected by a reverse ELISA technique, were demonstrated in NPS in 22 of the patients, with antibody conversions being found in 19 of the patients on days 5-8 following the beginning of the illness. Two patients still had IgA antibodies in NPS approximately 3 months FSOI. By comparison, RS virus was detected in acute-phase NPS by double-antibody sandwich ELISA in 25 of the 26 patients investigated.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. A prospective randomised study.

Routine administration of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and small children was evaluated in an open randomised prospective trial. From 1979-82 136 children between the age of 1 month and 6 years were allocated to one of two treatment groups shortly after their admission to a paediatric ward. Group A patients were to be given antibiotics but those in group B were not. None of the children had received antibiotics before hospital admission. A viral infection was diagnosed in 38 of the 72 patients from group A and in 34 of the 64 patients from group B. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 84% of these patients. Samples of tracheal secretions showed no differences between the groups in respect of cytology and bacterial flora. Nor were there any significant differences in the course of acute disease, the frequency of fever relapse and pulmonary complications. Fifteen patients from group B were subsequently treated with antibiotics: two of these developed secondary purulent infections of the middle ear and one showed a slight pleural effusion. These results do not support the routine use of antibiotics in infants and small children admitted to hospital with pneumonia and bronchiolitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Viral diagnoses using the rapid immunofluorescence technique and epidemiological implications of acute respiratory infections among children in different European countries.

From November 1978 to October 1981, a total of 7716 specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions were examined by the rapid immunofluorescence technique to determine the frequency of infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus A, and parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. The tests were carried out in six different virus laboratories located in Newcastle upon Tyne (England), Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm, Turku (Finland), and Vienna; laboratories in Lisbon and Paris participated in the study for shorter periods. The specimens were collected from infants and children less than 6 years of age who had been admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory infection. Standardized techniques and quality controlled reagents were used. At least one of the above viruses was detected in 1927 (25%) of the specimens: RSV in 1475, influenza virus A in 123, parainfluenza virus 1 in 110, and parainfluenza virus 3 in 237 specimens. Respiratory syncytial virus dominated in all centres, but in some Scandinavian centres distinct outbreaks due to this virus occurred only once or twice during the 3 years' study period. Three outbreaks of RSV were observed in Newcastle, but here an unprecedented delay of the first winter's epidemic occurred. The delay was associated with prolonged school closures in the area, and with a very early outbreak of influenza. Parainfluenza virus 3, which was predominantly a summer virus in Newcastle, was most frequently encountered during the colder months of the year in the other centres.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by ELISA: comparison with fluorescent antibody technique.

Samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from 140 infants and children with acute respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus by ELISA. An antiserum produced in rabbits against RS-virus polypeptides was used both as the "capture" antibody and as conjugate in a double-antibody sandwich technique. RS virus was detected by ELISA in specimens of NPS obtained from 72 (51%) of the patients. By comparison RS virus was shown to be present in 86 (61%) of the patients when the immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique was employed. Samples obtained from 78 of the 140 patients were also examined by inoculation into tissue cultures, and RS-virus was isolated from 47 patients. RS virus was detected by ELISA in 37 (79%) and by IF technique in 43 (91%) of these 47 patients. The IF technique was found to be more sensitive than ELISA, especially in patients older than 9 months and for the examination of specimens of NPS containing only a small percentage of RS-virus antigen-positive cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Production of antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides: application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

By use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus-specific precipitates were produced between RS virus cellular antigen [solubilized in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-glycine buffer, pH 9] and antiserum raised in rabbits against semipurified RS virus. When these precipitates were employed as antigens for further immunizations in rabbits, antibodies (anti-RSV-precip.I) were produced which reacted with only one RS virus antigen when tested by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique. Precipitates obtained between RS virus cellular antigen (labeled with L-[35S]methionine) and anti-RSV-precip.I were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed that anti-RSV-precip.I precipitated RS virus polypeptides of molecular weights 28,000 to 84,000. Anti-RSV-precip.I was employed as capture antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in which RS virus cellular antigen was used as the second layer. Determination of human RS virus immunoglobulin G antibodies by this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique showed a high degree of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by inhibition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the demonstration of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus immunoglobulin G antibodies was used for the detection of RS virus in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from children with acute respiratory disease. Samples of NPS were incubated with a fixed amount of standard serum (human serum antibodies to RS virus) before being added to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test plate. A decrease in the optical density value determined for this standard serum was seen with majority of NPS specimens from which RS virus had been isolated in tissue culture. The reliability and the specificity of this inhibiton test were supported by experiments with purified RS virus and by tests with NPS specimens containing other respiratory viruses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

New method for production of influenza A virus subtype specific antisera: employment of precipitate obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoretic techniques as antigen.

The crossed immunoelectrophoretic technique was employed for the production of subtype-specific influenza A virus antisera. Glycoprotein-containing precipitates were produced by this technique by using detergent solubilized influenza A virus glycoproteins as antigens in the first dimension gel and rabbit antisera against these antigens in the second dimension gel. By cutting these precipitates out of the gel and using them for the immunization of rabbits, antisera were produced which showed the presence of subtype-specific antibodies in haemagglutination inhibition and immunofluorescent antibody tests but no antibodies in neuraminidase inhibition tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infections: comparison of electron microscopy and immunoelectroosmophoresis for the detection of rotavirus in human infantile gastroenteritis.

Eighty-seven faecal samples from infants and children suffering from acute gastroenteritis were investigated for the presence of rotavirus by immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) and electron microscopy (EM). Sixty-one % of the samples contained rotavirus antigens when examined by IEOP whereas only 50% were diagnosed as positive EM. However, where it was possible to perform EM within the same day that the sample was received it took 24 h to establish the diagnosis by IEOP. The high sensitivity of the IEOP method was achieved by application of antiserum produced in rabbits to rotavirus immunoprecipitates. The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic antiserum produced were tested by application of different immunoelectrophoretic methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses in patients with acute genital and non-genital herpetic lesions determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody method.

A total of 112 cases from 12 cases of non-genital herpes simplex, 13 cases of herpes genitalis and 60 selected controls was titrated by the indirect fluorescent antibody method for IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2. Mean titres of IgA against HSV type 1 were 6-8 times higher in patients with acute and recent non-genital herpes simplex than the mean titres of the controls, while the corresponding mean titres were only slightly elevated in patients with herpes genitalis. In this latter group of patients IgA antibody titres to HSV type 2 were 4 times higher than the control titres. IgM antibody titres were not elevated in patients with non-genital herpes simplex, but in patients with herpes genitalis IgM antibodies to HSV type 2 increased to 4 times the normal values 2-4 weeks after infection. Measurement of serum IgA antibodies to HSV types 1 and 2 might be an important diagnostic tool in acute and recent HSV infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Persistence of rubellavirus-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A antibodies: investigation of successive serum samples with lowered immunoglobulin G concentration.

The persistence of rubellavirus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA antibodies has been studied in seven patients with primary postnatal rubella infections. Successive blood samples obtained over a period of several years after the onset of disease have been investigated, employing the fluorescent antibody technique and the sucrose gradient centrifugation method. IgM antibodies were found to persist for 4 to 5 weeks after the onset of disease, with only moderate variation being observed with respect to the different patients and the method of investigation being studied. The persistence of IgA antibodies (as examined by the fluorescent antibody technique) varied from a few weeks to several years after the onset of the disease. The detection of IgA antibodies cannot be considered as conclusive for the diagnosis of recent rubella infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Demonstration by immunoelectro-osmophoresis of precipitating antibodies to a purified rubella virus antigen.

The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 was used to extract antigens of rubella virus from infected tissue culture cells. Three virus-specific antigens were demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis by using a pool of human gamma globulin as antiserum. The most dominant of these antigens were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. This antigen was of glucoprotein nature and had slow electrophoretic motility and low binding capacity to diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. Thus, it seems likely that the antigen is identical with the precipitating antigen of rubella virus designated b-antigen or tro-osmophoresis with precipiting antibody in sera obtained from patients recovering from acute postnatal rubella. The precipitin reaction that could be correlated to the hemaglutination-inhibition titers of the same sera appeared 12 days after onset of the disease and remained positive for several years.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Epidemiology of herpesvirus and respiratory virus infections. Part 1. Serologic findings.

The majority of the population group studied had complement-fixation antibodies toward the following viruses: influenza type A, respiratory syncytial, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr. The herpesvirus infections (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus) seemed to be prevalent. Only low incidences of antibodies were found toward adenovirus, influenza type B, influenza type C, and parainfluenza type II. A total of 70 aucte virus infections (increases of antibody titer) were diagnosed in 49 patients. Besides cytomegalovirus, no particular virus infection occurred in a large number. Only 11 of the 70 acute virus infections diagnosed serologically were accompanied by clinical signs of disease

Adenoviridae↗