Biomedical subjects
A Hornsleth
Publications and source records attributed to A Hornsleth.
[Varying clinical pictures among young children with influenza virus type A infections].
The clinical course of Influenza type A virus infections in 47 hospitalized children aged 0-9 years was assessed retrospectively. The infection was diagnosed by demonstration of the virus in the nasopharyngeal secretion during the acute phase of the illness. Out of 21 Influenza A strains in which the subtype was determined, one was found to be H1- and 20 were H3-subtype. Lower respiratory tract disease was the main diagnosis in 21 children, 16 of whom had pneumonia; 14 of these patients were under three years of age. Gastro-intestinal symptoms occurred in 40% of the children over three years of age. Eight patients had febrile convulsions, a girl aged nine years had double vision and vertigo and a female infant aged two months had periodic apnoea and bradycardia. The reasons for hospitalization were febrile convulsions, abdominal pain, lower respiratory tract symptoms and high pyrexia.
[Hantaan virus infections].
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[Parvovirus B19 infections. The cause of fifth disease-erythema infectiosum--can also cause aplastic crises, fetal damage and polyarthritis].
Human parvovirus B19 can be an important etiological factor in aplastic crises in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia, in fetal damage, and in acute polyarthritis. B19-virus can only be grown in cell cultures established from human bone marrow, where the virus production occurs in erythroblasts. Parvovirus can cause severe, often fatal, infections in various kinds of animals, also in their fetuses, and many cases of teratogenic changes have been described. The B19-infection is diagnosed by demonstration of either IgM antibodies or B19-DNA in serum samples obtained in the early phases of infection. Patients with EI are infectious before skin eruptions occur, i.e. in the prodromal phase where virus can be detected in respiratory secretion. Transmission of the infection by concentrated, heat-treated factor preparations has been reported. Acute polyarthritis accompanying B19-infections has most often been described to affect the finger, hand and knee joints in adult women. Maternal B19-infections can be complicated by intrauterine infections damaging the fetus and resulting in abortion, hydrops fetalis or stillbirth. The B19-infection has not with certainty been found to be teratogenic. Recent studies seem to show that about 10-20% of primary maternal infections can be complicated by fetal damage, but until further this percentage should be regarded with great reservation.
[The fifth disease--erythema infectiosum. Parvovirus infection in a family group].
The causative agent of Erythema Infectiosum (EI), also known as the fifth disease, has been shown to be Human Parvovirus B19. This virus may also cause foetal damage, resulting in spontaneous abortion, hydrops foetalis or stillbirth. Three cases of Human Parvovirus infection in a family are presented. The child has a classical rash. The father had a rash and joint-symptoms, which is common in adults. The mother had a subclinical infection, which is seen in the majority of EI cases. As the woman was pregnant, ultrasonic tests were carried out frequently to detect possible hydrops foetalis. This pregnancy resulted in a healthy full term infant weighing 3,610 g.
[Treatment of influenza A with amantadine. When? How?].
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A rapid test for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretion.
A new rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay (MEIA; Directigen RSV) for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was evaluated using samples of nasopharyngeal secretion from infants and children with acute respiratory disease. The MEIA was compared with an immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique using a sensitive biotin-avidin (BA) EIA as reference. Of 242 samples tested, 108 were positive by the MEIA and 123 by the BA-EIA. Of 144 samples which were also tested by the IF technique, 57 were positive by the BA-EIA and 43 by the IF technique. These results give a sensitivity of 86% and 72% for the MEIA and IF technique respectively. Of 57 samples found to be positive by the BA-EIA, 41 were positive by the IF technique, but 48 were positive by the MEIA. The MEIA is thus more sensitive than the IF technique but less sensitive than the BA-EIA in detecting RSV in nasopharyngeal secretions.
Chest X-ray appearances in pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Correlation to virological diagnosis and secretory bacterial findings.
Chest X-ray findings were related to virus diagnosis, age and secretory bacterial findings in 128 infants and children under 7 years of age with clinical pneumonia and bronchiolitis. They belonged to a cohort examined in connection with the introduction of rapid methods for virological diagnosis. Seventy-six children had a virus infection diagnosed by examination of nasopharyngeal secretion and/or by serological methods. Thirty-seven of these children were classified as having pathogenic bacteria of importance in the respiratory tract. Four groups were compared: virus infected children with or without bacteria in the secretion and the corresponding virus negative groups. The X-rays were normal significantly more often in the virus positive/bacteria negative group compared with the other groups. Alveolar pneumonia appearing as lobar or segmental consolidations ("lobar" pneumonia) was observed with equal frequency and without relation to bacterial findings in the virus positive and the virus negative groups. But it was more often observed in the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected children under 6 months of age compared with the older RSV children. In comparison disperse alveolar infiltrations ("bronchopneumonia") mostly appeared in the virus positive group. Interstitial pneumonia and peribronchitis were often present together in children over 6 months of age. There was no significant difference in the X-ray appearances in the groups with and without bacterial findings in the tracheal secretion except for a higher frequency of normal chest radiographs in the bacteria negative group.
[The postviral fatigue syndrome (PVS)--a chronic exhaustion syndrome. Is it possible to prove virus infection?].
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Epstein-Barr virus infection in cultured non-malignant epithelial cells from human nasopharyngeal mucosa.
Epstein-Barr virus infected cultured epithelial cells from the human nasopharyngeal mucosa only, when the cells were maintained under conditions preventing terminal differentiation. The infection of these cells resulted in a marked cytopathology resembling that morphology induced in cell cultures by other members of the herpesvirus group.
[Rapid diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections in general practice].
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[Rapid diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections. Examination of hospitalized children].
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Detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus by enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of luminol was used in a chemiluminescence avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ABE) to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rotavirus (ROV). This CL-ABE was carried out in a new apparatus constructed for the photographic registration of the light emission produced. When measured in a spectrophotometer, the light emission produced by the oxidation of luminol showed a peak emission at 425 nm. The chemiluminescence output reached maximum within 1 min after the initiation of luminol oxidation and diminished to one-half of maximum emission within 8 min. When titrations of purified ROV by avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ABE) were monitored by CL-ABE and by conventional orthophenylenediamine (OPD) staining (OPD-ABE), the detection limits were 0.01 and 0.04 ng of ROV protein, respectively. Similar titrations of purified RSV gave detection limits of 0.2 and 0.8 ng of RSV protein by CL-ABE and OPD-ABE, respectively. When 26 RSV-positive samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were titrated by CL-ABE and by OPD-ABE, the mean titers obtained were 737 and 254, respectively. When 19 ROV-positive fecal samples were titrated by CL-ABE and by OPD-ABE, the mean titers obtained were 82,000 and 29,000, respectively. When samples of NPS from 123 infants and children with acute lower respiratory disease were tested for the presence of RSV, 31 NPS samples were RSV positive by CL-ABE, and 29 of these 31 NPS samples were RSV positive by OPD-ABE.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by a biotin-avidin ELISA more sensitive than the fluorescent antibody technique.
The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique and by a biotin/avidin (BA) ELISA in 156 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from infants and small children with acute respiratory disease. Of 70 RSV-IF-positive NPS, 68 were positive by BA-ELISA. Of 86 RSV-IF-negative NPS, eight were positive by BA-ELISA. BA-ELISA could detect 0.5-1.0 ng RSV-protein.
Detection by ELISA of immunoglobulin G subclass-specific antibody responses in rotavirus infections in children.
IgG subclass-specific antibody responses to a human subgroup 2 rotavirus were studied in 26 children by ELISA by use of monoclonal antibodies specific to the four human IgG subclasses. One hundred twenty-nine serum samples were obtained before, during, and after an episode of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in these patients. When these sera were investigated, an increase in IgG1 and IgG3 subclass-specific antibodies was detected in all 26 patients. IgG3 antibodies reached a peak concentration 1 week after rotavirus was detected in faecal samples and then progressively declined over the following months, whereas the peak concentration of IgG1 subclass antibodies was found 2 months later and seemed to persist thereafter. IgG2 rotavirus-specific subclass antibodies were never found and IgG4 subclass antibodies were detected only in sera from seven of the 26 patients.
Beta 2-agonists for the treatment of wheezy bronchitis?
Nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for the treatment of wheezy bronchitis was evaluated in a double-blind trial comprising 28 acutely ill children younger than 18 months and in 13 children 18 to 36 months of age. No significant difference in clinical effect was shown between albuterol and saline in the youngest group of children. Albuterol had some beneficial effect in children older than 18 months.
Detection by ELISA of IgG-subclass-specific antibodies in primary respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infections.
The IgG-subclass specific antibody response was investigated in primary RS-virus infections in infants and small children by using an ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against the four human IgG subclasses. When 78 serum samples obtained from 21 patients during the first 3-4 mo following the onset of illness were studied, only IgG-1 and IgG-3 antibodies could be detected. Both of these subclass specific antibodies appeared during the second week following the beginning of illness. Approximately 4 wk after the onset of illness, IgG-1 antibodies reached maximum levels, which persisted during the following months. Approximately 3 wk after the onset of illness, IgG-3 antibodies reached maximum levels, which decreased during the following months. Both IgG-1 and IgG-3 antibodies showed neutralizing capacity.
Detection of RS-virus IgG-subclass-specific antibodies: variation according to age in infants and small children and diagnostic value in RS-virus-infected small infants.
The variation according to age of RS-virus IgG-subclass specific antibodies was investigated by ELISA in 140 acute phase sera from 140 infants and children 1-47 mo of age who were hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. Sixty-nine of these serum samples were obtained from patients with RS-virus infections. Mean OD values of IgG-1 antibodies decreased corresponding to the decrease in maternal antibodies. In patients with RS-virus infections, the mean IgG-1 OD values increased in children who were 3 yr old, but in patients without RS-virus infections this increase was observed in children at 1 yr of age. RS-virus IgG-3 antibodies were detected only in children 1-3 yrs of age, and only in 18% of samples from children without RS-virus infections. The concept of the transient nature of RS-virus IgG-3 antibodies as compared with RS-virus IgG-1 antibodies is supported by these results. RS-virus subclass specific antibodies were studied in paired serum samples from 12 infants 1-5 mo of age with acute lower RS-virus disease. IgG-1 antibodies developed in six infants, but only in one of six infants aged 1-3 mo. IgG-3 antibodies developed in nine infants, including four of six infants who were 1-3 mo old. These results suggest that in small infants with RS-virus infections the detection of IgG-3 antibodies is of higher diagnostic value than the detection of IgG-1 antibodies.