A 72-year old man who underwent aorto-bifemoral bypass with insertion of a Dacron graft 18 years previously presented with an aneurysm in the left limb of his graft. Angiography also demonstrated a bilateral occlusion of the popliteal arteries. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed and showed a localized dilation of 3 cm in the left limb of the graft, which had a diameter of 14 mm throughout. In view of the technical difficulties of a surgical procedure, an endovascular stent was considered. Through a left femoral arteriotomy, a stent graft was inserted and deployed in the left limb of the graft. This resulted in total exclusion of the Dacron graft aneurysm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a procedure.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Survey results of transplant patients' attitudes on xenografting.

For centuries, many cultures have described mythical creatures with bodies that combined human and animal features, often the result of violating taboos. This study attempted to investigate the beliefs of transplant patients about xenografting. A survey was given to 100 patients ranging in age from 17 to 74 years old, with 65 men and 35 women, including 72 whites, 18 Hispanics, 5 African Americans, and 4 Asian Americans. The subjects included liver, heart, kidney, lung, and multi-organ transplant patients. The patients were not aware of plans for xenografting at the center under study. Eighty patients agreed with xenografting in an emergency situation. Ten subjects replied, "under no circumstances." Ninety percent believed animal research has advanced medical science. In descending order, the patients preferred human (96%), monkey (44%), mechanical (43%), pig (42%), or dog (34%) organs. Twenty-four patients thought a xenograft would change their appearance, personality, or eating or sexual habits. Twenty patients believed animals have souls. The patients also documented any ethical concerns about xenografting.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endothelin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in depressive patients.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ethanol on extracellular amino acid levels in high-and low-alcohol sensitive rats: a microdialysis study.

Selectively bred high-alcohol sensitive (HAS) and low-alcohol sensitive (LAS) rats possess a number of behavioural and electrophysiological differences in their responses to alcohol. Using a microdialysis technique, we have evaluated whether the levels of the amino acids aspartate, glutamate, arginine, taurine, and alanine in HAS and LAS rats differ in their response to ethanol administration (2 g/kg, i.p.). The basal concentrations of each amino acid in these two groups were statistically similar. Following ethanol injection, alanine, arginine, and glutamate were significantly decreased in HAS rats, whereas, alanine, glutamate, and taurine were significantly increased in LAS rats by the end of the experiment. Interestingly, an increase in the sulphonated amino acid taurine was only evident 20 min after ethanol administration in the HAS rats, when compared to saline controls. No changes were observed in the other amino acids studied, aspartate and glycine, after ethanol administration. These data suggest that, in addition to differential behavioural responses to alcohol, HAS and LAS rats also differ in their neurochemical responses to ethanol.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic differential in health and disease: let's take the next step.

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Health Status↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric-mental health nursing: career characteristics, professional activities, and client attributes of members of the American Nurses Association Council of Psychiatric Nurses.

As the twenty-first century approaches, psychiatric nursing is reviewing its past and speculating about its future. This article reports on the current status of 525 psychiatric-mental health nurses. The nurses responded to a questionnaire designed to elicit information on career characteristics, professional activities, and client attributes. The nurses work primarily in acute care institutions or hospitals. The typical client is white, middle class, and adult. The focus of care in mental health is moving to the community. If psychiatric nurses want a viable role in the mental health system of the future, they must begin to develop a system of care for at-risk populations in the community now.

Career Mobility↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polyacrylate resin (Eudragit retard) microcapsules as a controlled release drug delivery system-improved non-solvent addition phase separation process.

Eudragit retard microcapsules were prepared using an improved non-solvent addition phase separation process with tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. The evolution of microcapsule wall formation was studied by direct methodology. Eudragit coacervation was effected by progressive uptake of tetrahydrofuran by the non-solvent cyclohexane in the presence of a protective colloid, polyisobutylene (PIB). The core materials had a higher affinity for the acrylic that the PIB phase, thus ensuring encapsulation. Microcapsule batch reproducibility depended mainly on the variation in particle size distribution of the recrystallized core material. All batches gave apparent first-order release profiles, confirmed by regression procedures. The release rate was decreased by raising the wall/core ratio, holding constant concentration of either the wall polymer or the core material. Increase in the non-solvent addition rate elevated the release rate, probably due to structural changes in the microcapsule wall. The velocity fell, however, with decrease in particle size of the core material, contrary to expectations. PIB concentration increase elevated the release rate by enhancing wall porosity, shown by scanning electron microscopy.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phase separation modulation and aggregation prevention: mechanism of the non-solvent addition method in the presence and absence of polyisobutylene as an additive.

The mechanism by which microcapsule aggregation is diminished in the presence of low concentrations of adjunct non-walling polymers such as polyisobutylene (PIB) in organic solvents is uncertain. It is here investigated by phase separation studies employing the non-solvent addition method (cyclohexane) in parallel with microencapsulation experiments, using Eudragit wall polymers and tetrahydrofurane (THF) as solvent with and without PIB. Polymer incompatibility leads to formation of two dilute liquid phases and emulsification from the outset. Progressive solvent transfer to the PIB phase modulates the rate of wall polymer desolvation and maintains the concentrated wall polymer phase in a fluid state during the critical microencapsulation stages of wall polymer entrapment--and spreading. A three-phase system is formed when gelling ensues (L1 + L2 + gel). In the absence of PIB, phase separation leads immediately to deposition of the wall polymer in gel form (L1 + gel) leading to adhesion. Phase diagrams are presented.

Capsules↗