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Biomedical subjects

A Hinton

Publications and source records attributed to A Hinton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of anaerobic cecal microflora and dietary lactose on Salmonella colonization in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).

The effect of oral inoculation with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora from adult broiler chickens and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization was evaluated in bobwhite quail chicks. One-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no anaerobic cultures, no lactose (control); 2) anaerobic cultures; 3) 2.5% lactose (wt/vol) in drinking water; or 4) anaerobic cultures and lactose. All groups were challenged orally with 10(4) S. typhimurium at 2 days of age. Salmonella growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P < .05) at 15 days of age in each of the three treatment groups as compared with controls. Protection against Salmonella colonization was highest in the treatment group provided anaerobic cultures only. The results indicated that cecal flora from adult chickens enhances Salmonella colonization resistance in quail chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of dantrolene in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We have demonstrated that maneuvers capable of reducing Ca influx into cells have beneficial effects in dystrophic hamsters and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Since dantrolene inhibits Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its effects on DMD was studied in 7 patients of 6 to 13 years of age (mean 10.8 years). Patients were studied for 4 years with tri-monthly evaluations of manual muscle testing (MMT), functional activity, and serum CK and aldolase. During the first 2-year period, no medicines were given and served as control. In the second 2-year period, dantrolene 8 mg/kg/d was administered. No side effects were observed. In 1 patient, mild weakness occurred that disappeared when the dose was reduced to 6 mg/kg/d. The 95% confidence limit for the difference in slopes of regression lines from tri-monthly MMT was asymmetric in favor of dantrolene in 5 of 7 patients. Serum CK did not differ between the first and second year of the control and treatment periods, respectively. However, it fell significantly from the second year of control to the first year of treatment (P = 0.003). The fall during the first year of treatment was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than in age-matched natural history controls during the same length of observation. There was a 3-fold reduction in CK when the pooled values of the first and second year control vs. treatment periods were analyzed. No changes were observed in functional activity and serum aldolase. The data suggest that dantrolene reduces serum CK in DMD associated with a lessening trend in MMT deterioration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Otitis media with effusion in children shows a progressive resolution with time.

The course of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) was studied in 117 children (207 ears). Diagnosis was based on otoscopy and a flat (type B) tympanogram. This was compared with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion at myringotomy carried out 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and more than 9 months after diagnosis. There was a highly significant reduction in the number of effusions diagnosed at myringotomy in those patients who had waited longer for operation. The effects of previous ventilation tube insertion, adenoidectomy, medical treatment between diagnosis and operation, month of diagnosis and month of admission on the results were examined. Tympanosclerosis and atelectasis occurred in 7.3 and 6.3% of ears respectively and in most cases were associated with previous grommet insertion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the efficacy of cultures of cecal anaerobes as inocula to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization in chicks with or without dietary lactose.

The ability of anaerobic cultures from mature chicken cecal material stored at -70 C for 1 or 10 mo to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization of the ceca of young chicks was evaluated. Chick treatments consisted of per os inoculation with anaerobic cultures from the cecal materials and providing or not providing the chicks dietary lactose. Chicks were challenged per os at 3 days of age with 10(6) S. typhimurium. Chicks were killed on Day 10, and their cecal contents were analyzed for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, total short-chained volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid, and the number of S. typhimurium per gram of cecal content. Cecal concentration of undissociated VFA was calculated. Dietary lactose produced a .66- to .87-unit decrease in cecal pH, and significant increases in cecal lactic acid concentrations, undissociated cecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, and cecal oxidation-reduction potentials. The treatment of the combination of cecal anaerobes from the 1 mo-old cecal material and dietary lactose caused a greater reduction in S. typhimurium cecal colonization than any other treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Decreased Salmonella colonization in turkey poults inoculated with anaerobic cecal microflora and provided dietary lactose.

The effect of intracloacal inoculation with anerobic cultures of cecal microflora and addition of lactose to the feed on Salmonella senftenberg cecal colonization was evaluated in turkey poults. One-day-old poults were divided into four groups and provided 1) no anaerobic cultures, no lactose (control), 2) anaerobic cultures, 3) 5% lactose in the feed, or 4) anaerobic cultures and lactose. All groups were challenged orally with 10(6) S. senftenberg at 3 days of age. Salmonella senftenberg growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P less than .05) at 10 and 30 days of age in both trials and at 20 days of age in Trial 1 in each of the three treatment groups as compared with the controls. On Day 30, the number of poults that were positive for Salmonella cecal culture was significantly decreased (P less than .01) in each of the treatment groups compared with the controls. Protection against Salmonella colonization was similar in the treatment groups inoculated with anaerobic cultures or provided dietary lactose. Combined treatment with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and provision of dietary lactose resulted in a level of protection against colonization equal to or higher than did either of the two treatments administered separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Colonization control of lactose-fermenting Salmonella typhimurium in young broiler chickens by use of dietary lactose.

Inclusion of lactose in the diets of chickens has been determined to reduce cecal colonization with Salmonella typhimurium. We hypothesized, therefore, that dietary lactose may be a practical means for reducing the prevalence of Salmonella contamination of chicken products. Because some strains of Salmonella are atypical and ferment lactose, we investigated the effects of dietary lactose on cecal colonization with lactose-fermenting S typhimurium. Broiler chicks were inoculated intracloacally with Lac+ S typhimurium selected for resistance to novobiocin and rifampicin. The chicks also were inoculated orally with certain anaerobes that do not effectively inhibit colonization by S typhimurium, but do appear essential for lactose mediated inhibition of cecal colonization. Control chicks were not given dietary lactose, and chicks in the experimental group were fed a diet containing 7% lactose. Enumeration of Lac+ S typhimurium in cecal contents revealed dietary lactose to be effective at controlling this organism. Control was correlated with changes in cecal pH and increases in undissociated volatile fatty acids, especially propionic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare neoplasm that constitutes less than 1% of gynecologic malignancies. Although the triad of menorrhagia, leukorrhea, and pain is said to be pathognomonic, preoperative diagnosis of this lesion is most unusual. The radiographic appearance at hysterosalpingography has only rarely been described in the English literature previously. This therefore is an unusual documentation of the preoperative appearance of fallopian adenocarcinoma by hysterosalpingography and sonography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Kikuchi's disease--apparent malignancy of a neck mass.

We report a case of Kikuchi's disease presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy in an adolescent. The original histological diagnosis in this case was a metastatic neoplasm. We wish to highlight the importance of this rare condition because of its potential for mimicking malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

In vivo glycocalyx expression by Staphylococcus aureus phage type 52/52A/80 in S. aureus osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitic rat tibiae were examined by scanning electron microscopy for the extracellular glycocalyx of Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus and fractured tibiae from normal rats were incubated together in vitro and examined similarly. Low magnification of endosteal Haversian portals from tibiae studied in vivo and in vitro disclosed adherent S. aureus exuding glycocalyx that buried the organism in dense, coccoid-studded biofilms. The biofilm became progressively more dense over time in vitro and was exuberant at day 70 in vivo. S. aureus incubated in vitro without tibiae disclosed no glycocalyx. Bone chips studied in vitro disclosed staphylococci more commonly near the endosteal Haversian portals than on the intervening endosteal surfaces (mean +/- SE, 280 +/- 75 vs. 12 +/- 3 per 2,500-micron 2 field; P less than .002 by Student's t test). Organisms within ostia were not counted, although they occluded 10%-40% of the ostium. Staphylococci were adherent to exposed woven material, perhaps collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Temperature- and Mg-ATP-dependent regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle actomyosin ATPase.

Many smooth muscles on metabolic depletion undergo a contraction that is insensitive to EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethylether)N,N-tetraacetic acid]. Chicken gizzard actomyosin shows a progressive loss of Ca sensitivity accompanied by activation of EGTA-Mg-ATPase at temperatures near 37 degrees C with decreasing ATP concentrations. Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation still occurs under these conditions when the ATPase is Ca insensitive. Activation of EGTA-Mg-ATPase at low ATP concentration is not due to a pseudo-ATPase, or due to denautration of the actomyosin at 37 degrees C. Magnesium concentrations above 1 mM are required for observing the enhanced EGTA-Mg-ATPase activity and the Ca sensitivity is very markedly influenced by the magnesium concentrations of medium at low ATP. When the Mg-to-ATP ratio (5:1) was kept constant for varying ATP concentrations, activation of EGTA-ATPase was not observed. This activation was not due to the characteristics of the ATP regenerating system (phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase) because with phosphocreatine and creatine phosphokinase similar results were obtained. Thus the EGTA-insensitive rise in tension during metabolic depletion is due to activation of Mg-ATPase and loss of Ca sensitivity at 37 degrees C, a temperature at which mammalian smooth muscles normally function.

Actomyosin↗
PubMed1979

Hypercalcemic effect of insulin in the chick.

There are conflicting reports on the effect of insulin on plasma Ca concentration in rats. Low doses appear to decrease and higher doses to increase plasma Ca. Since birds are known to be very sensitive to parathyroid hormone and have resistance to the hypoglycemic effects of insulin, the effect of commercial and highly purified insulin on plasma Ca concentration was studied in 10-day-old chicks 60 min after the administration of the hormone. Both commerical bovine and purified porcine insulin provoked a dose-related elevation of plasma Ca. Although hypophosphatemia was observed with the highest dose of insulin used (0.4U), hypercalcemia was observed with 0.05 U insulin, a dose that did not modify plasma phosphate concentration. The slopes of the dose-response curves of insulin and parathyroid hormone were indistinguishable and different from that of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. Neither propranolol nor deprivation of vitamin D altered the hypercalcemic response to insulin. Unexpectedly, propranolol (40 microgram/chick) provoked elevation of plasma Ca. It is concluded that insulin raises plasma Ca concentration in the chick by a mechanism(s) not yet elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory therapy department, Tucson Medical Center.

At this facility in the Arizona desert, the respiratory therapy department has three staff levels of therapists, designated I, II, and III according to their training, experience, and assigned responsibilities.

Arizona↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of used litter from floor pens of adult broilers on Salmonella colonization of broiler chicks.

The effect of used pine-shaving litter from broiler floor pens on Salmonella colonization resistance was evaluated in broiler chicks. One-day-old chicks were placed in floor pens on fresh unused litter or on used litter. All chicks were challenged orally with 10(4) S. typhimurium at 3 days of age. The study was replicated in three trials with used litter that was collected and stored for 1 day (Trial 1), 4 days (Trial 2), or 50 days (Trial 3) before the start of each trial. Cecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in chicks placed on used litter than in chicks on new litter. In all three trials, the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks was significantly lower (P < 0.01) at 10 days and 20 days of age in the chicks on used litter than in the chicks on new litter. The results indicated that newly hatched chicks reared on used litter had higher cecal VFA concentrations and higher resistance to Salmonella colonization than chicks reared on new litter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nitrofurazone or novobiocin on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization and organ invasion in Leghorn hens.

Nitrofurazone (433 mg/liter drinking water) administration to leghorn laying hens for 72 hours with a 48-hour withdrawal period before nitrofurazone-sensitive Salmonella enteritidis challenge resulted in a S. enteritidis culture-positive rate significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than that of unmedicated controls when hens were cultured 6 days following challenge. In a similar experiment, simultaneous nitrofurazone administration and S. enteritidis challenge resulted in no significant differences in S. enteritidis isolation frequency. However, unchallenged nitrofurazone-medicated contact control hens showed a significantly higher S. enteritidis culture-positive rate than the unchallenged unmedicated controls. This increase in apparent S. enteritidis susceptibility was associated with significantly lower cecal propionic acid and fewer anaerobic colony-forming units (CFU). In a third experiment, nitrofurazone treatment had no effect when the antibiotic was withdrawn 72 hours before S. enteritidis challenge. In a subsequent experiment, novobiocin (385 mg/kg) or nitrofurazone (300 mg/kg) was administered to adult hens for 7 days before challenge with nitrofurazone and novobiocin-resistant S. enteritidis. Both nitrofurazone and novobiocin administration resulted in a significantly higher S. enteritidis culture-positive rate than unmedicated controls at end of the experiment 7 days post-challenge. Results indicate that administration of some antibiotics may enhance susceptibility to S. enteritidis in leghorn hens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of anaerobic cecal microflora and dietary lactose on colonization resistance of layer chicks to invasive Salmonella enteritidis.

The effect of oral inoculation with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and providing lactose in the feed on colonization resistance to invasive Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in newly hatched leghorn chicks. Salmonella colonization of the ceca, tissue invasion and organ colonization, horizontal transmission, and seroconversion were significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) in chicks inoculated with cecal flora. The addition of lactose to the feed, in the absence of cecal microflora, failed to provide protection. Dietary lactose enhanced colonization resistance in chicks that were inoculated with anaerobic cultures of cecal flora. The results indicated that establishment of normal cecal flora in layer chicks together with the addition of lactose to the diet markedly increases resistance to cecal colonization and organ invasion, and decreases horizontal transmission of S. enteritidis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dietary lactose on cecal pH, bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids, and Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broiler chicks.

One-day-old broiler chicks were inoculated with volatile fatty acid producing cecal flora from adult chickens. The chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no lactose, 2) 2.5% lactose in water, 3) 5% lactose in feed, or 4) 10% lactose in feed, until 10 days of age. All groups were challenged at 3 days of age with 10(6) or 10(8) S. typhimurium. At 10 days, the number of Salmonella in the ceca of the chicks challenged with 10(6) Salmonella was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) in the groups provided lactose as compared with the controls. A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in Salmonella numbers occurred in the chicks challenged with 10(8) Salmonella and provided 10% lactose. Providing 2.5% lactose or 5% lactose failed to inhibit Salmonella growth in chicks challenged with 10(8) Salmonella. The pH of the ceca of the groups provided lactose decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) and was accompanied by significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the concentrations of bacteriostatic acetic and propionic acids. Results showed that providing dietary lactose to broiler chicks and inoculation with normal cecal flora decreased cecal pH, increased the concentrations of bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids, and inhibited Salmonella colonization.

Animals↗