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Biomedical subjects

A Higashi

Publications and source records attributed to A Higashi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Zinc status and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in handicapped children treated with anticonvulsants.

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and hair zinc contents were investigated in 68 children treated with anticonvulsants and 14 untreated children, and serum zinc contents were also measured in 21 of the treated and 13 of the untreated children. Serum zinc levels in the treated and untreated children were 82.7 +/- 7.1 and 85.1 +/- 18.2 micrograms/dl, respectively. Hair zinc levels in the treated and untreated children were 145.4 +/- 27.0 and 144.3 +/- 20.1 micrograms/g, respectively. These two parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. However, a significantly depressed skin reaction and a higher incidence of hypozincnemia (below 70 micrograms/dl) were found in the treated children (p less than 0.05). The results indicated that phenytoin-induced zinc deficiency might be one of the possible factors or exacerbatory factors in suppressed cellular immunity found with anticonvulsant therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[An epidemiological study on the similarity of dietary habits among brothers and sisters].

An epidemiological study was conducted to ascertain the similarity of dietary habits among grown-up brothers and sisters who live separately in a small town. Twenty-three dietary habits of 53 pairs of brothers and 29 pairs of sisters were analyzed in comparison with the same number of control pairs who were matched with sex and age. Cramér's coefficients of contingency on many dietary habits in brother pairs were larger than those in control pairs. Multivariate analysis (quantification method of the third type) also showed that similarity of dietary habits both in brothers and sisters. Therefore, familial aggregation of any diseases is supposed to result in an interaction between hereditary factors and similarity of dietary habits among family members.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Method of dynamic behavioral stage analysis (DBSAM) in the free moving mouse.

The process of analysis involved in DBSAM was described based on both the processing flow and the acquired model data. In the first step, the behavior of a mouse was classified into moving stage (MV), deep sleep stage (EP) and OT stage, in which the brain activity of the mouse was near the consciousness level. In the second step, the vague OT stages were classified into stages of quietness during the wakefulness state (QU) and light sleep stages (LSP) by the logical matrix. Finally, the symbol presentation for the stage-linkage of multiple stages per 1 sec was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of food on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of two sustained release dosage forms: Part I.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers under overnight fasting and non-fasting conditions. Higher concentrations at early absorption phase under fasting conditions than under non-fasting conditions were observed after administration of Theo-Dur, whereas little difference in plasma concentrations was noted when E-0686 was administered under fasting and non-fasting conditions. Bioequivalency was demonstrated depending upon the extent of bioavailability of the two preparations. Compared to the theophylline levels in non-smokers, significantly lower concentrations at elimination phase and AUC0-infinity values were observed in smokers in each treatment (p less than 0.05). E-0686 exhibited almost the same rate constant in dissolution in vitro and in absorption in vivo, while Theo-Dur did not. Therefore, it may be concluded that E-0686 is a well-designed sustained release preparation that releases theophylline in vivo at a given rate which can be easily determined in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Study of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of two sustained release dosage forms as assessed by salivary data: Part II.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers by measuring plasma and salivary concentrations. The theophylline level in saliva was 42.3 +/- 0.008 (s.e.m.) % of the plasma level and its correlation coefficient was 0.908. This observation suggests that salivary levels are considered to be a good indicator of the plasma concentration of theophylline. Interformulation variability in the saliva/plasma ratio was not significant in four occasions (p greater than 0.05). Thus, it was confirmed that the saliva/plasma ratio was nearly constant after administration of sustained release preparations of theophylline. Bioequivalency as to the extent of bioavailability of the two preparations was demonstrated by measurements of plasma and salivary levels. Compared to the theophylline levels in non-smokers, lower concentrations were observed in smokers at elimination phase by measurements of both the plasma and salivary levels, but shorter elimination half-life in smokers was indicated only in salivary data.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between serum concentration and daily dose of dantrolene in cerebral palsy patients.

Serum concentration of dantrolene and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxydantrolene were determined in 27 cerebral palsy patients. Correlation coefficients between the oral dose of dantrolene and serum levels of dantrolene and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxydantrolene were rather small in cerebral palsy patients. The mean half-times of dantrolene and 5-hydroxydantrolene were 3.41 (n = 6) and 4.00 (n = 5) hours, respectively. These values were about a half of those reported earlier [Lietman et al., 1974; Meyler et al., 1979; Flewellen et al., 1983]. The poor correlation between serum level and dose may be due to the variation in an extent of oral dantrolene availability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer in Japan].

A case-control study of cancer of the colon and rectum was conducted in Kyoto, Japan. A total 62 cases of cancer of the colon and 52 cases of cancer of the rectum were individually matched by age at interview (+/- 5 years) and sex to same number of hospital controls. Cooking with oil and confectionery were significantly increased risk factors for cancer of the rectum. Margarine was a significantly increased risk factor for cancer of the colon. These results suggests that dietary fat plays an etiologic role in carcinogenesis of the large intestine. Factors already demonstrated or thought to affect the development of colo-rectal cancer were also reviewed.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on hepatic ornithine carbamoyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in rats.

Hepatic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities were measured in six groups of rats: (A) fed a severe zinc-(Zn-) deficient diet (1.98 ppm) for 5 weeks; (B) pair-fed control for group (A); (C) fed a less severe Zn-deficient diet (6.10 ppm) for 5 weeks; (D) pair-fed control for group (C); (E) fed a Zn-supplemented control diet (90.4 ppm) for 5 weeks; and (F) first fed the severe Zn-deficient diet for 5 weeks and then replaced on the Zn-supplemented control diet until a body weight corresponding to the final weight of group (E) was obtained. Hepatic OCT was similar in all these six groups. On the contrary, hepatic ADH was significantly reduced in groups (A) and (C) and in each of the corresponding pair-fed groups, (B) and (D). No differences were found between groups (A) and (B) or between groups (C) and (D). In group (F), ADH activity improved to a level equivalent to that in group (E). The changes in ADH activities were accompanied by changes in the hepatic Zn content. Thus, it is clear that: (1) the hepatic Zn content may not be affected by the amount of Zn intake alone, but by the combination of Zn and food intake; and (2) ADH, and not OCT, reflected the hepatic Zn content.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1985

Zinc status of untreated histidinemic children.

In order to study zinc status in histidinemia, serum and hair zinc concentrations were measured in 40 untreated children with histidinemia (age 2 months-5 years). In 20 children (greater than 2 years of age) zinc content and carbonic anhydrase activity of erythrocytes and urinary excretion of zinc were also studied. The amount of zinc excreted was elevated in histidinemic children and showed a positive correlation with the urinary histidine concentration (gamma = 0.57, p less than 0.005). The means of serum zinc concentration, erythrocyte zinc concentration, and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity were all similar in the histidinemic and the control children. Hair zinc concentration of histidinemic children was compared with that of controls of five different age groups: less than 5 months, 5-18 months, 18 months-2 years, 2-4 years, and 4-5 years. In all of these age groups, hair zinc content was similar. The incidence of low-hair-zinc level (less than 80 micrograms/g) in histidinemic children greater than 5 months of age (9 of 34) was significantly higher than in controls (18 of 180, p less than 0.05). The observation suggested the possibility that untreated histidinemia may cause chronic mild zinc deficiency in some histidinemic children.

Ammonia-Lyases↗
PubMed1985

Serum zinc and copper concentrations in low birth weight infants during first three months of life: correlation to birth weight and different feedings.

Serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were measured in infants weighing 740 g to 2,500 g at birth. They were divided into three groups depending on their birth weight; Group I ranged from 740 to 1,500 g (N = 35), Group II from 1,501 to 2,000 g (N = 26), and Group III from 2,001 to 2,500 g (N = 19). They were fed breast milk (N = 24), commercially available non-supplemented formula with low Zn and low Cu content (N = 42), or Zn- and Cu-supplemented formula (N = 14). Serum Zn levels of breast fed infants were apparently higher than those of the other two different formula fed infants, the difference being significant at 1 month of age in Group I. After the decline of serum Zn level during the first month of life, the level in Groups II and III remained unchanged, whereas the level in Group I further declined progressively until 3 months of age. An incidence of hypozincemia (0.65 micrograms/ml) was highest in Group I, medium in Group II, and lowest in Group III. The serum Cu level was elevated progressively after birth in all groups, but the mean level was consistently highest in Group III, medium in Group II and lowest in Group I. No difference in serum Cu level was found among the infants with different feedings.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

Uridine as an active component of sleep-promoting substance: its effects on nocturnal sleep in rats.

A 10-h intraventricular infusion of 10 pmol of uridine from 19.00 to 05.00 h resulted in significant increases in sleep in otherwise saline-infused male rats (n = 8) during the environmental dark period (20.00-08.00 h). Increments of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) were 21.0% and 68.1%, respectively, of the baseline value. This was due to increases in the frequencies of both SWS and PS episodes but not to their durations. Similar increases occurred the first recovery night under saline infusion, but sleep amounts returned to the baseline levels the second night. Brain temperature was not affected by uridine administration. A small dose of uridine (1 pmol/10 h) exerted no effect (n = 6) while larger doses (100 and 1000 pmol/10 h, each n = 5) resulted in slight but insignificant increases in SWS and PS. The 1000-pmol uridine administration seemed to be non-physiological since it brought about irregularities in locomotor activity and sleep-waking rhythms. Thus, authentic uridine exhibited the same sleep-enhancing effects as a naturally occurring active component of sleep-promoting substance, which was recently identified with uridine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of zinc and copper content of formulas on growth and on the concentration of zinc and copper in serum and hair.

We studied the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on the levels of these elements in serum (at 1, 3, and 5 months of age) and in hair (at 5 months of age) of breast- and formula-fed infants. Three different formulas were used: (a) Commercially available standard infant formula containing 1.0 mg/L of Zn and 30 micrograms/L of Cu; (b) Zn supplemented formula, containing 3.2 mg/L of Zn and 30 micrograms/L of Cu; and (c) Zn- and Cu-supplemented formula, containing 3.2 mg/L of Zn and 400 micrograms/L of Cu. The median Zn content of breast milk was 4.8 mg/L at 1 week, 2.9 mg/L at 1 month, 1.1 mg/L at 3 months and 1.1 mg/L at 5 months. Breast milk Cu content was 510 micrograms/L at 1 week, 440 micrograms/L at 1 month, 270 micrograms/L at 3 months, and 200 micrograms/L at 5 months after delivery. All infants were healthy and full term, and weight and length velocities were similar in each of the four groups studied. Serum Zn levels were significantly higher both in the infants fed the Zn-supplemented formula and those fed the Zn-and-Cu-supplemented formula compared with the other two groups of infants at 3 and 5 months of age. Zn levels in hair were significantly elevated (invariably greater than 80 micrograms/g) only in infants fed Zn-supplemented formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Height↗
PubMed1984

Relative bioavailability of two different phenytoin preparations. Evidence for an age dependency.

Relative bioavailability (RB) of two commercially available phenytoin preparations showed greater differences in absorption in children than in adults. 93 patients received one or more doses of one or two preparations. Serum assays were made at steady state. Age-matched groups were compared. In another cross-over study, 12 patients received two or more doses of each formulation until steady state levels were reached. 5 adult volunteers received single doses of each preparation, and multiple serum samples were assayed to define the peak blood concentration and area under the curve. To calculate RB, the value of V max/F was determined from plots of serum concentration (C) vs. C/dose (C/D). Bioavailability was greater in the preparation with the smaller crystal size and more rapid in vitro dissolution. Relative bioavailability increased with increasing age, suggesting an age-dependent effect on drug absorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Longitudinal changes in selenium content of breast milk.

The selenium (Se) contents of human milk, serum and hair obtained from 22 lactating mothers were measured by fluorometric analysis. The Se contents in 41 milk samples from different stages of lactation were obtained longitudinally from 10 mothers. They showed a large variance of individual samples at any stage of studies. The highest Se level was found in colostrum (median 80 ng/ml); subsequently, Se content declined significantly during the first month of lactation and then came to a plateau level (median 17-18 ng/ml). No positive correlation of Se content was found between the serum and the milk samples at three months of lactation. No positive correlation of Se content was found between the hair and the milk samples obtained from lactating mothers.

Adult↗