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Biomedical subjects

A Higashi

Publications and source records attributed to A Higashi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A case-control study of ulcerative colitis].

In order to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of ulcerative colitis, we conducted a matched case-control study of ulcerative colitis. Fifty patients with ulcerative colitis diagnosed at three hospitals in Kyoto, Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures in Japan during 1984 and 1987 were interviewed about their habitual and pre-illness diets, personal habits, past histories and family histories. The results were compared to those for fifty healthy controls who were matched for sex and age (+/- 2 years) and participated in health-screening examinations in Kyoto or Osaka during the same period. Frequent intake of rice (4 or more bowls a day), bread (3 or more times a week), and green tea (7 or more cups a day) significantly increased the relative risk of ulcerative colitis. However, a past history of appendectomy was negatively correlated with the disease. There were no relationships between ulcerative colitis and consumption of animal foods and tobacco.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Kinetics of zinc status in children with IDDM.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain zinc deficiency in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and evaluate the relationship between zinc clearance and body height velocity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Six boys and 11 girls with IDDM and zincuria and glycosuria were studied. Study quality and specific descriptive information concerning relationship and outcome measurement were assessed. RESULTS: The values of total-body zinc clearance in IDDM patients were higher than in the control subjects (24.6 +/- 1.8 vs. 15.1 +/- 0.6 ml.kg-1.h-1, P less than 0.01). There was a negative correlation between body zinc clearance values and height velocity in IDDM patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IDDM have a secondary zinc deficiency, and normal growth may be stunted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A study of smoking cessation education in a multiphasic screening setting].

A study of the effectiveness of individual anti-smoking advice was conducted on male smokers visiting a human dock. The intervention group (169 male smokers) were shown photographs depicting the health hazards of smoking with an explanation by tape recorder and headphone. Controls (187 male smokers) did not receive this instruction. In the intervention group, immediately after the instruction, and in the control group, approximately 60% expressed a desire to stop or decrease their smoking. Six months later there was no significant difference in the two groups in the proportion that stated that they were not smoking (8.9% in the intervention group and 5.9% in the control group). Some subgroups in the intervention group, such as those whose smoking index was less than 400 and those who had attempted to quit smoking in the past, had significantly higher quit rates than corresponding subgroups in the controls. Smokers who restricted their smoking in certain locations such as public areas had high quit rates in both groups. Standardized quit rates were utilized, adjusted for current age, age of smoking initiation, smoking index and past experience in smoking cessation. Immediately after receiving the education, the proportion that regarded smoking as a risk factor in gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, chronic bronchitis and as having a harmful effect on the fetus, was significantly larger in the intervention group (about 50-70%) than in the controls (about 30-60%). More than 90% of each group regarded it as a risk factor in lung cancer, and about 60% in myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative and qualitative changes of apolipoprotein AI-containing lipoproteins in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Using immunoaffinity chromatography, two species of apo-AI containing lipoproteins (AILp); lipoprotein containing apo-AI and apo-AII (Lp-AI/AII), and lipoprotein containing apo-AI, but no apo-AII (Lp-AI) were isolated from 13 female patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), then characterized. The results were compared with findings obtained in agematched normolipidemic (control I) and mild hypertriglyceridemic (control II) female subjects. In comparison with control I: In AILp, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), cholesteryl ester (CE) and phospholipid (PL), and the levels of apoE were significantly lower in the CAPD patients while the levels of triglyceride (TG) and apo-CIII were significantly higher in these patients. The levels of apo-AI and apo-AII did not differ between the CAPD and control subjects. In Lp-AI/AII, changes of TC, CE, PL, TG, and apolipoproteins were similar to those of AILp, except for the ratio of apo-AI/apo-AII and the level of apo-CII, which was higher in the CAPD patients. In Lp-AI, changes of TC, CE, PL, and TG were also similar to those of AILp and Lp-AI/AII, but the apo-AI level was significantly lower in the CAPD patients. In comparison with control II: In AILp, the levels of PL, apo-AI, apo-AII, and apo-E were significantly lower in CAPD patients, but the apo-CIII levels were significantly higher. In Lp-AI/AII, the levels of PL and apo-E were significantly lower in CAPD patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Physiologic and metabolic aspects of anticonvulsants.

A great number of anticonvulsants are available for treating these different types of epilepsy. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been favored as the method for controlling drug concentrations in the plasma and preventing untoward effects. When these anticonvulsants are prescribed to treat epilepsy in children, careful monitoring is most important because drug metabolism varies depending on maturation and development of body functions. Molecular approaches are also important to elucidate the effectiveness of the drugs for treatment of different seizure disorders and should contribute to a better understanding of body functions.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1989

[A study using a food-frequency questionnaire--simultaneous discrimination of dietary patterns of anemic and hyperlipemic women].

A survey investigating the intake frequency of various foods and eating habits was made by a special form of structured questionnaire. Those who answered the questionnaire were 184 women aged from 40 to 59 living in a rural district in Kyoto Prefecture. They were divided into three blood groups according to the contents of hemoglobin (Hb) and serum cholesterol (T-CHO) as follows: Group A (Anemia): Hb less than 12 g/dl and T-CHO less than 220 mg/dl Group B (Normal): Hb greater than or equal to 12 g/dl and T-CHO less than 220 mg/dl Group C (Hyperlipidemia): Hb greater than or equal to 12 g/dl and T-CHO greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl As far as the intake frequency of each food and the eating habits of the three blood groups are concerned, there wasn't any notable difference. However, when the statistical method called "quantification theory II" was applied using the blood groups as the objective variable and the 27 items in the food frequency questionnaire, as well as the obesity index, as explanatory variables, it was found that the dietary patterns were different among the three blood groups. The result was that 68% of women in group A were discriminated correctly, as were 55% in group B, and 83% in group C. The analysis of the data from food frequency questionnaires by the "quantification theory II" statistical methods seems to be useful to reveal dietary patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A study of factors in medical insurance records associated with participation in health examinations].

Factors in medical insurance records of two groups classified as participants and nonparticipants in a multiphasic health examination (MHE) conducted in a rural town in Kyoto prefecture were compared. The purpose of this study was to clarify how the conditions of medical care influenced the participation in the MHE. The factors were days of consultation, total insurance points and days of consultation classified by specific disease and the area of the medical facility. Participants were examined at least once in 1987-1988 and nonparticipants were never examined in the corresponding period. The data were obtained from the medical insurance records of outpatients for the period from April 1986 thru March 1987. The medical care bills of 170 males and 201 females aged 30-69 were randomly sampled from National Health Insurance records (unit = family), and those of 55 males and 88 females aged 70 and over were from the Medical Service for the Aged (unit = person). These samples were about one forth of target population respectively. Both older participants and older nonparticipants of both sexes had more consultation days and more total insurance points than the corresponding younger subjects. Nonparticipants of both sexes aged 70 and over had more consultation days and more total insurance points than participants; female nonparticipants aged 50-69 had slightly more consultation days and those aged 30-49 also had more insurance points. Nonparticipants tended to have previous medical care for hypertension or ischemic heart disease, which the MHE is responsible for discovering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Zinc clearance correlates with clinical severity of Crohn's disease. A kinetic study.

After peroral and intravenous loading of zinc in 10 patients with Crohn's disease, a kinetic analysis of serum zinc was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the clinical activity indices (group A:five with active form and group B:five with inactive form). The mean level of serum zinc was significantly reduced in group A patients, but not in group B, when compared to findings in control subjects. A significant reduction in AUCpo (area under the concentration vs time curve by peroral administration), accompanied by increased zinc clearance (ClZn) was also found in group A but not in group B. The ClZn significantly correlated with clinical activity indices. Absorption efficiency, the ratio of AUCpo/AUCiv (area under the concentration vs time curve by intravenous administration), was similar in group A, group B, and the control. Therefore, the absorption of zinc in patients with the disease seems to be intact, regardless of whether they have the active or inactive form of Crohn's disease. The hypozincemia seen in patients with Crohn's disease is presumably related to an accelerated turnover rather than to a malabsorption of zinc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence and mortality of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan.

A descriptive epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis or Crohn's disease in the general population in Japan was conducted. Mortality rates were based on death certificate records and prevalence rates on the statistics of public aid patients with intractable diseases. Between 1969 and 1985, age-adjusted mortality rates from ulcerative colitis gradually decreased. For regional enteritis, these rates did not change. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Japan from April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1985 was 7.85 per 100,000 (6.44 for males, 9.22 for females). The prevalence of Crohn's disease was 1.86 (2.25 for males, 1.48 for females). These figures are one fourth to one fortieth of the rates in Western countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Zinc balance in premature infants given the minimal dietary zinc requirement.

A zinc balance study was conducted on low birth weight infants (670 to 2420 g) fed unsupplemented human milk (the mother's or pooled) (group 1, n = 17) or human milk with zinc supplementation (group 2, n = 17). The mean zinc concentrations of the diets in groups 1 and 2 were 2.2 +/- 1.1 mg/L and 8.4 +/- 0.8 mg/L, respectively, and the mean copper concentration of the diets in both groups was 0.45 +/- 0.12 mg/L. The studies were performed 7 to 128 days after birth, which corresponded to 29 to 43 weeks postconceptional age. The turning point of zinc balance from negative to positive appeared to be greatly influenced by the postconceptional age, being approximately 36 weeks in both group 1 and group 2, rather than other factors such as the zinc intake and the postnatal age. The calculated minimal requirement of dietary zinc during the period from 36 to 40 weeks postconceptional age, for an adequate amount of zinc retention in infants (250 micrograms/kg/d), was 0.8 mg/kg/d. Zinc supplementation did not appear to interfere with copper retention.

Absorption↗