Intra-ocular lens implantation during cataract surgery in Nepal.
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Cataract Extraction↗
Biomedical subjects
A Hennig
Publications and source records attributed to A Hennig.
[The effect of the phosphorus supply on the energy metabolism of growing swine].
In growing barrows (live weight 17-30 kg) 3 g P/kg DM feed resulted in comparison to 6 g P/kg DM in 8% lower live weight gain. The lower live weight gain had no relation to N- and energy retention. The lower P feeding has only low effect on energy excretion in faeces and urine (1% of gross energy). A submarginal P feeding has no influence on N- and energy metabolism of growing pigs.
Animal Feed↗
[Insulin-like growth factor I--a connecting link between nutrition and growth].
The influence of an increasing protein supply in combination with soybean oil upon the IGF-I concentration in the serum in correlation with growth was measured on 8 x 10 male Wistar rats. With a casein content of 0% in the food, the IGF-I level was 0.13 +/- 0.02 rU/ml. An IGF-I plateau of 0.74 +/- 0.07 rU/ml was reached at some 15% casein. The additional application of 3% soybean oil increased the IGF-I concentration significantly (P less than 0.01) up to 0.95 +/- 0.16 rU/ml. The investigations show a specific increase of the IGF-I synthesis by the addition of oil, which is paralleled by a further stimulation of the growth of the rats. The nutrition-dependent IGF production in the peripheral tissues (mainly liver) represents the connection link between the growth hormone axis (genetically potential growth) and the growth realizable depending on the supply with nutrients.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
[The extraction particles from winter rapeseed with different glucosinolate fractions in swine with regard to the iodine supply. 3. Apparent digestibility of crude nutrients with special regard to the carbohydrate and nitrogen balance].
In two digestibility and N-balance experiments the following solvent extracted meals were examined in a grain (barley and wheat in equal parts) or in a starch diet with four female pigs/group fitted with urethra catheters during the 5 days sampling period: 48% soyabean meal (SBM) (1), 24% conventional rapeseed meal (RSM) (2), 24 (3) or 48% (4) RSM from a newly bred low glucosinolate variety, groups 1 to 4 with grain, 48% low glucosinolate RSM (5) or 48% SBM (6) both with starch. In numeric order of the groups 88, 85, 86, 84, 79 and 89% N were digested. Pigs responded to the additional faecal N excretion from RSM diets by a lower urinary N excretion and thus they reached the N-balance of the animals fed on SBM. In numeric order of the groups 86, 79, 80, 73, 73 and 92% of the organic matter of the solvent extracted meals were digested. In comparison with SBM even 48% RSM in the feed significantly lowered the digestibility of organic matter. Using detergents the additional faecal organic matter excretion of RSM versus SBM could quantified as two third lignin. In the case of 24% RSM in the diet--i.e. 15% of the carbohydrates given--the carbohydrate digestibility is estimated with a high error, that an energetic feed value should not calculated. Investigating 48% SBM or RSM respectively in a grain diet the net energy content was 9.8 MJ (666 Energetic Feed Units, EFU pig) or 8.3 MJ (569 EFU pig)/kg dry matter (DM). Based on the starch diet, however, little relevant for estimation of normal pig diets, there were evaluated 10.6 MJ (720 EFU pig) for SBM and 8.3 MJ (567 EFU pig) net energy/kg DM for RSM.
Animal Feed↗
Results and evaluation of high volume intracapsular cataract surgery in Nepal.
One thousand intracapsular cataract extractions were performed by two ophthalmologists over a 57-day period at Lahan Eye Hospital in Nepal. Ninety-nine per cent of eyes had a visual acuity of less than 3/60 at surgery. Ninety-eight per cent of eyes achieved a visual acuity of 3/60 or better with aphakic spherical correction at discharge, of which 69% had a visual acuity of 6/36 or better. In 314 eyes seen at 1-month follow-up, 88% achieved 6/18 or better with full aphakic correction. The surgical time averaged less than 10 min and the cost of disposables less than pounds 1 per operation.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of the effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in a slow-release form on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study on 20 patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris and reproducible ST-segment depression during exercise-stress test was performed to compare the effect of a single dose of 120 mg of isosorbide dinitrate in a slow-release form with that of a twice-daily application of 20 mg of isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Symptom-limited exercise tests were done, and nitrate plasma levels were measured in the subjects 6, 10, and 24 hours after the first administration of the drug. Both drugs produced a highly significant reduction in the size of exercise-induced ST-depressions (P less than .001) 6 and 10 hours after the first administration of isosorbide dinitrate as well as 6 hours after the first and 4 hours after the second dose of isosorbide-5-mononitrate. The effect was still significant (P less than .05) 24 hours after the administration of isosorbide dinitrate in a slow-release form and 18 hours after the second dose of isosorbide-5-mononitrate. In the case of the drug isosorbide dinitrate, nitrate plasma levels for its metabolite, isosorbide-5-mononitrate, were highest 10 hours after first application. In the case of the drug isosorbide-5-mononitrate, nitrate plasma levels were highest 4 hours after the second dose. Two 20 mg doses of isosorbide-5-mononitrate and a single dose of 120 mg isosorbide dinitrate in a slow release form have a comparable effect on the reduction of exercise-induced ST-segment depressions.
Adult↗
First results on the incorporation and excretion of 15N from orally administered urea in lactating pony mares.
Two lactating pony mares were given oral offers of 20 g 15N urea [95 atom-% 15N-excess (15N')] on 6 subsequent days. About 80% of the consumed 15N' were excreted via urine and faeces, but only about 2% via milk. The 15N' secreted via milk-lysine only amounted to 0.04% of the 15N' intake. The recovery was about 90% in each case. Tissues with active metabolism had an unexpectedly high labelling (greater than 0.3 atom-% 15N'). The low extent of the conversion of oral urea N into milk-lysine speaks against an essential participation of the enteral synthesis in meeting the amino acid requirement of lactating mares. It was already concluded from this results that the determination of the amino acid requirement will be necessary for this group of performance.
Administration, Oral↗
[Testing of extracted particles from winter rapeseed with different glucosinolate levels in swine with special reference to the iodine supply. 2. Thyroid hormone status, histomorphometric findings and iodine content of the thyroid gland].
In the experiment, 2 x 12 growing pigs received 19 or 6.7 mmol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg feed via conventional rapeseed meal (RSM) or RSM of a newly bred variety. These pigs and 24 littermates pair fed with a soya bean meal (SBM) diet were subdivided in groups of 4 animals each. Their diet contained either no supplementary iodine or an iodine supplementation of up to 1 mg/kg feed. In the RSM and SBM groups the lack of additional iodine lowered the serum T4 and T3 content below the detection limit and caused goitre with about 1 mg iodine in the total thyroid. The SBM diet with 0.0625 mg supplementary iodine/kg increased the serum T4 level and reversed the thyroid enlargement but not that of epithelial cells. The hypothyroidism (goitre and serum T4 level approximately 10 nmol/l) still existed in the case of this iodine dosage together with the RSM of the newly bred variety. A serum T4 level comparable to that of the animals fed SBM was only reached by supplementing the low glucosinolate diet with 0.25 mg iodine/kg feed. The iodine content of the thyroid, however, was reduced by 50 per cent. Though thyroid and epithelial cells were enlarged, this enlargement was not so obvious as in animals exposed to higher glucosinolate level. In spite of 1 mg supplementary iodine/kg feed, the feeding of the conventional RSM resulted in a lower serum T4 level a reduced thyroid iodine content and the enlargement of thyroid and that of epithelial cells. Compared to the high glucosinolate RSM, a significantly lower antithyroid effect of the low glucosinolate RSM was found in pigs with iodine supply. The degree of thyroid enlargement and the serum T4 level were the criteria.
Animal Feed↗
[The regulation of feed intake and selection with special reference to poultry].
Feed intake is regulated in a dialogue between the animal and the feed, which is influenced by numerous factors. The hypothalamus has a central integrative function. Furthermore, caudal brain areas (medulla oblongata, pons) are of importance because these areas are relays of peripheral signals and gustatory afferents. All peripheral informations are integrated by various neurotransmitters and neurohormones. The function of this neuronal system is not exactly known yet. Sensorial informations, mechano-, chemo- and osmoreceptors of the gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal hormones are discussed as influences of the periphery. The physiological satiety function of cholecystokinin is questionable in poultry. Hepatic chemoreceptors, which are activated by various metabolites, influence the amount of feed ingested. The feed choice appears to be regulated by the same mechanisms. Our knowledge about the translation of peripheral signals into choice behaviour by changes of neurotransmitter systems is limited.
Animal Feed↗
Mutagenicity and effects of ochratoxin A on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange after metabolic activation.
Primary cultures of hepatocytes derived from untreated rats were incubated in the presence of ochratoxin A for 24 h. Five different strains of histidine auxotroph Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to conditioned cell culture medium before being tested for mutagenicity. A clear hepatocyte-mediated mutagenic response was observed in TA1535, TA1538 and TA100. In addition, sister chromatid exchange frequency was increased in human peripheral lymphocytes that had been incubated in the presence of conditioned medium derived from ochratoxin A-exposed hepatocytes.
Animals↗
Vitamin A deficiency and corneal ulceration in south-east Nepal: implications for preventing blindness in children.
A retrospective review of the outpatient records of 4601 children aged 0-10 years who had been seen between January 1986 and December 1988 at Lahan Eye Hospital, south-east Nepal, revealed that 15.4% had evidence of active or past xerophthalmia. Of 293 children with corneal xerosis or corneal ulcer, 49% had been examined in the 4-month period May-August. The peak age for active noncorneal xerophthalmia was 5 years and for active corneal xerophthalmia, 3 years. Previous population-based studies in Nepal have documented the presence of noncorneal xerophthalmia (Bitot's spots) in children. The present study confirms that vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of blindness and loss of vision among children in the eastern plains of Nepal.
Blindness↗
[Ophthalmologic treatment in Nepal].
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Cross-Sectional Studies↗
[Testing in swine of meal extracted from winter rapeseed with different glucosinolate content with regard to iodine supply. 1. Characterization of rapeseed extraction particles and fattening results].
In a feeding experiment with 48 growing pigs 16% high glucosinolate rapeseed meal (HGRSM) (136 mumol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg dry matter, DM) or low glucosinolate (LG) RSM (48 mumol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg DM) in the feed were compared with 14% soya-bean meal (SBM) in each case. It were established 24 pairs of animals, which received the same quantity of the isonitrogenous but not isocaloric diets with SBM and the both RSM (pair fed). Four of the 2.12 animal pairs were not given supplementary I, four received 0.25 mg supplementary I/kg feed. Further four animals which were fed on LGRSM or HGRSM were provided with 0.0625 or 1 mg supplementary I/kg feed. In case of high glucosinolate intake (HGRSM) the lacking I supplementation decreased feed intake and growth and led to remarkable I deficiency symptoms from the fifth week onwards. The 2/3 lower glucosinolate dosage of the LGRSM diet also decreased performance and provoked I deficiency, however significantly later. The investigated I dosages (greater than 0.0625 mg/kg feed) did not effect the performance. In the experiment the eight animals which received LGRSM with supplementary I consumed 13% more feed than animals fed on HGRSM (P less than 0.05). The additional weight gain was 20% (P less than 0.05). Comparing the live weight gain of the SBM and RSM fed animals (pair fed) there was a significant increase of 9% versus the HGRSM groups and 5% versus the LGRSM groups.
Animal Feed↗
[The effect of a monensin-containing bolus on the live weight increase and characteristics of rumen fermentation of growing cattle].
Eight feeding experiments (4 on pasture and indoors each) with 401 growing cattle were carried out in order to measure the influence of a monensin device on daily weight gain. The monensin device effected on the average 7 g (1.4%) and 37 g (4.3%) higher daily weight gain on pasture and indoors resp. (P greater than 0.05). The weight gain of animals varied between 92.5 and 112.5% compared with the unsupplemented groups. The monensin device caused a higher weight gain of easier cattle than of heavier ones (greater than 300 kg body weight). The device has had no significant effect on figures of rumen fermentation. Probably the monensin level delivered from the device (100 +/- 50 mg per animal and day) is to low for heavier cattle.
Animals↗
Effect of varying glucosinolate and iodine intake via rapeseed meal diets on serum thyroid hormone level and total iodine in the thyroid in growing pigs.
In a trial with 50 fattening pigs (20 kg initial body weight), the effect of untreated rapeseed meal (RSM) (148 mmol glucosinolates and aglucones per kg dry matter) on the thyroid was compared with RSM treated with Cu2+ (9.5 mmol glucosinolates and aglucones per kg dry matter) and soybean meal (SBM). The diets containing 8% RSM were supplemented with 0.0625-1.0 and the SBM diet (control) with 0.125 mg iodine kg-1 (I). In comparison with SBM fed control, RSM treatment with Cu2+ resulted in a complete normalization of feed intake and growth. Only untreated RSM without I supplementation depressed performance and resulted in symptoms of I deficiency, but the thyroid and liver weight were also increased and the serum T4 content was significantly reduced in animals which were given RSM not supplemented with I, but treated with Cu2+. In young pigs (4 weeks) a plateau of the serum T4 content was achieved from 0.5 mg I kg-1 of the RSM diet onwards. In contrast, when the concentration of goitrogens was reduced by the treatment with Cu2+, the serum T4 level was increased significantly in groups fed with 0.125 mg I kg-1 diet and more. In older pigs (15 weeks) neither the content of goitrogens nor the I dosage affected the serum T4 level. On the other hand, the I content in the thyroid was a good indicator of the different goitrogenicity of the diet in the case of a low I supply. The present investigations show that pig diets with RSM (greater than 10 mmol glucosinolates and aglucones kg-1) should contain at least 0.5 mg I kg-1, but 0.1 mg supplementary I per kg is sufficient in diets without or with a low content (less than 1 mmol glucosinolates and aglucones per kg-1) of antithyroid compounds.
Animal Feed↗
[Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism in laying hens after the administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 10. 15N-labeling of crude protein and amino acids of the oviducts].
Over a period of 4 days 12 colostomized laying hens daily received 36 g coarse wheat meal containing 14.37 atom-% 15N excess (15N') together with a conventional ration. After the homogenisation of each oviduct N and 15N' were determined. After the precipitation with TCA the 15N' of the amino acids was analysed in both the precipitate and the supernatant. In addition, the free amino acids and the peptides were determined in the TCA soluble fraction. The atom-% 15N' in the total N and in the non-basic amino acid N showed a parallel decrease; it diminished from 1.75 atom-% 15N' to 0.64. Of the three basic amino acids, lysine shows the lowest labelling at all four measuring points. The quotas of non-basic amino acid 14N and 15N' in the total 14N and 15N' of the oviduct are the same and amount to 53%. In contrast to this, the quota of the 14N of the basic amino acids in the total 14N of the oviduct only amounts to 21.6% and that of 15N' only to 15.4%. The average atom-% 15N' of the free amino acids 12 h after the last 15N application is 1.54 and is considerably above that of the peptides with 1.15 atom-% 15N'. 36 h after the last 15N application the ascertained value of 1.25 is identical in both fractions. The labelling of the free amino acids decreases more quickly than that of the peptides the more time has passed after the last 15N application.
Amino Acids↗
[The effect of different high levels of soy extract pellets in the ration on the digestibility of crude nutrients, basic and sulfur-containing amino acids of wheat in colostomized laying hybrids].
In two digestibility experiments with 4 colostomized laying hybrids each, the influence of 12.5% (ration 1) and 25% soybean meal (ration 2) on the digestibility of the crude nutrients, the basic and sulphur-containing amino acids in the wheat rations was tested. In ration 1 the digestibility of the crude protein was 84.9%, of the crude fat 56.6% and that of the N-free extractives 87.4%; for ration 2 the values were 83.6%, 47.4% and 82.5%. The digestibility values for wheat acquired with the difference method for ration 1 were 85.7% for crude protein, 57.0% for crude fat and 89.8% for N-free extractives; energy concentration was 766 EFUhens. For wheat supplemented with 25% soybean meal the same digestibility value of the crude protein could be ascertained, the digestibility of the crude fat and the N-free extractives, however, was lower than for ration 1 so that an energy concentration lower by 3.9% was calculated. The possible causes of the influence of the different levels of lysine and thioamino acids on the digestibility of these amino acids of wheat are described.
Amino Acids↗
[The vitamin A supply of laying hens including during rearing. 1. Testing of mixed feed with a varied vitamin A supplementation in chicks and young hens].
In seven experiments with 46,310 young animals from hatching to the 21st week the vitamin A supplement varied between 0 and 10,000 IU per kg mixed feed. Feed intake was significantly diminished in three out of seven experiments when chicken feed was given without vitamin A supplement. In the young chicken period 1,500 IU vitamin A supplement were sufficient for optimal body weight development, in the young hen period native carotene was sufficient. The variation of the body weight of the individual animals on the 126th day did not show any connection with vitamin A supply. The carotene content of the rations was sufficient to prevent deficiency symptoms. The livers and yolk sacs of one-day-old chickens on average contained 114 and 56 IU vitamin A/g substance when the parents had received mixed feed with 15,000 IU vitamin A/kg. There is a positive relation between the vitamin A supply of the young chickens and hens and the vitamin A content of the liver.
Animal Feed↗