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Biomedical subjects

A Helgeland

Publications and source records attributed to A Helgeland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The Oslo study: CHD risk factors, socioeconomic influences, and intervention.

This article reviews the methods and results of the large-scale, 10-year Oslo study. Two controlled intervention trials are described, one in healthy, normotensive men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), the other in healthy men with mild hypertension. Cause-specific mortality is related to the major CHD risk parameters of serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure and was found to be highest among the lowest socioeconomic class. Morbidity from myocardial infarction and total cardiovascular incidence decreased with lowered blood lipid levels and cessation of cigarette smoking in one trial. There was no difference, however, in total cardiovascular incidence as a result of antihypertensive therapy in the other trial. The effects on blood lipids of six commonly used single antihypertensive drug preparations and five combination preparations were examined. The study concluded that the beneficial lipid-lowering effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocker prazosin made it the antihypertensive drug of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Double-blind comparison of trimazosin and propranolol in essential hypertension.

This report describes a double-blind, parallel, comparative study of trimazosin (+/- polythiazide) and propranolol (+/- polythiazide) in 130 patients with essential hypertension. Both treatment regimens were shown to be effective in achieving statistically significant sustained reduction in blood pressure. Propranolol alone was somewhat more effective, at the doses selected, than trimazosin alone, but the hypertension of nonresponders in each treatment group was effectively controlled by the addition of low doses of polythiazide. Trimazosin had no effect on heart rate, whereas propranolol significantly lowered resting heart rates, which was occasionally troublesome. Side effects were less frequent in the trimazosin-treated group. Trimazosin lowered serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, an effect significantly different from that of propranolol. There was also a tendency for serum uric acid to rise in patients receiving propranolol and fall in those receiving trimazosin; polythiazide significantly raised uric acid levels. The effects of trimazosin and propranolol on the lipid profile were small, but the difference between the increase in the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol fraction in trimazosin-treated patients and the decrease in propranolol-treated patients was significant and thought to be of interest.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increased peripheral catecholamine release in patients with long-standing, untreated essential hypertension.

Both arterial and venous plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were elevated in 20 middle-aged men with long-standing, untreated essential hypertension compared to 19 normotensive control men (p less than 0.01). The mean a-v (arterial-venous) difference of adrenaline and v-a difference of noradrenaline were increased in the hypertensive (p less than 0.05) consistent with raised adrenal adrenaline release and release of noradrenaline from the peripheral vascular beds of the forearm.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Decreased peripheral dopaminergic activity in essential hypertension?

In 42 men aged 50 +/- 1 years with untreated, sustained essential hypertension and in 34 age-matched normotensive men plasma free dopamine concentrations in venous blood in the standing position were more than 60% higher than supine values indicating dopamine involvement in the orthostatic response. In both the hypertensive and normotensive group supine arterial plasma dopamine concentrations were significantly higher than venous supine (P less than 0.004) indicating release of this catecholamine from central organs such as brain, kidneys or adrenals. In the hypertensive group both venous supine, arterial and venous standing plasma dopamine concentrations and the urinary excretion of this catecholamine were lower than in the normotensive group. Between the groups, statistical significance was achieved for venous standing dopamine concentrations (P less than 0.04) and when venous supine, arterial and standing plasma concentrations were added together for each individual (P less than 0.03). The findings may indicate decreased peripheral dopaminergic activity in patients with essential hypertension.

Dopamine↗
PubMed1983

Blood lipids and antihypertensive drugs. The Oslo study.

The treatment of hypertension has failed to achieve a reduction of the incidence of coronary heart disease. Recently, attention has been drawn to the effects of antihypertensive drugs on the metabolism of lipoproteins. Of the beta-blockers only pindolol was lipid neutral while propranolol, atenolol and oxprenolol lowered cholesterol and increased serum triglycerides. Hydrochlorothiazide did not influence blood lipids. Prazosin lowered serum LDL + VLDL cholesterol and total triglycerides. The combination of pindolol + prazosin lowered LDL + VLDL cholesterol and increased triglycerides. Propranolol + prazosin lowered HDL cholesterol, methyldopa + hydrochlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride had no effect on blood lipids.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1982

Socio-economic status as a coronary risk factor: the Oslo study.

The association between socioeconomic status, measured by a combination of income and education, and CHD mortality has been studied in a cohort of 40-49 year old Oslo men. Socio-economic status was significantly associated with CHD mortality. However, the lowest CHD mortality was found in social status Group III (middle class) and this could not be explained by the risk factor gradients seen among those studied. Although the number of fatalities is small (68 CHD deaths during 4.5 years) socio-economic status seems to be independently associated with coronary risk after adjusting for serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antihypertensive drugs and blood lipids: the Oslo study.

1 The report presents the effects on blood lipids and uric acid of six different antihypertensive drugs, used alone and of five different combinations of two antihypertensive drugs. 2 Prazosin significantly lowered serum LDL + VLDL cholesterol and total triglycerides. Atenolol lowered LDL + VLDL cholesterol to a smaller but significant extent. Both pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTH) were without effect, while oxprenolol significantly increased total triglycerides. Propranolol significantly lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides and uric acid. 3 The combination prazosin and pindolol had a favourable effect on the lipid profile, while the combination propranolol and HCTH lowered HDL cholesterol but increased total triglycerides. Propranolol and prazosin lowered HDL cholesterol, while methyldopa and HCTH, and HCTH and amiloride were without effect on blood lipids. 4 It is suggested that the metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs could be of special importance in long-term treatment of mild hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antihypertensive drugs and blood lipids: the Oslo study.

The effects on blood lipids and uric acid of six different antihypertensive drugs used alone, and of five different combinations of two antihypertensive drugs, are reported here. Prazosin significantly lowered serum low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) cholesterol and total triglycerides while maintaining high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Atenolol lowered LDL + VLDL cholesterol slightly. Both pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were neutral, while oxprenolol increased total triglycerides. Propranolol lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides and uric acid. The combination of prazosin plus pindolol has a direct favorable lipid profile, while the combination of propranolol plus HCTZ lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides. The combination of propranolol plus prazosin lowered HDL cholesterol, but to a lesser degree than propranolol alone, which suggests that prazosin was not able to completely counteract the negative effects of propranolol on HDL. Methyldopa plus HCTZ, and HCTZ plus amiloride were neutral with regard to effects on blood lipids. It is suggested that the metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs could be of special importance in the long-term treatment of mild hypertension.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Evidence of increased peripheral catecholamine release in patients with long-standing, untreated essential hypertension.

In 20 middle-aged men with untreated sustained essential hypertension for more than 5 years, both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were positively and significantly correlated with blood pressure. In both hypertensives and 19 normotensive control subjects supine arterial adrenaline concentrations were more than twice the venous concentrations consistent with adrenal production of this catecholamine. Adrenaline a--v(arterial-venous)differences(mean +/- SE) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group (82 +/- 15 pg/ml) than in the controls (50 +/- 5 pg/ml) indicating increased release of adrenaline in the hypertensives (P less than 0.05). Similarly, v-a(venous-arterial) differences of noradrenaline were significantly higher in the hypertensive (44 +/- 20 pg/ml) than in the control group (-10 +/- 16 pg/ml) indicating peripheral noradrenaline release in patients with essential hypertension. The findings are compatible with increased forearm noradrenaline and adrenal adrenaline release in these patients with long-standing untreated essential hypertension.

Arteries↗
PubMed1981

Increased peripheral release of noradrenaline and uptake of adrenaline in essential hypertension?

1. Twenty middle-aged men with untreated sustained essential hypertension for more than 5 years and 19 comparable normotensive controls were investigated. Both groups were derived from The Oslo Study, where they had served as control hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 2. Supine venous and arterial plasma catecholamines were increased in the hypertensive subjects compared with the normotensive subjects. The mean arterial--venous difference for adrenaline in the hypertensive (0.45 +/- SE 0.08 nmol/l) was increased compared with the normotensive group (0.27 +/- 0.03 nmol/l, P less than 0.05). Similarly, the venous--arterial difference for noradrenaline was increased in the hypertensive (0.29 +/- 0.13 nmol/l, P less than 0.05) compared with the normotensive group (-0.07 +/- 0.11 nmol/l). 3. The results are consistent with an increased release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla and noradrenaline from the peripheral vascular beds (forearm) in essential hypertension. The increased arterial--venous difference for adrenaline in the hypertensive group also suggests an increased uptake of adrenaline in the peripheral vascular beds.

Epinephrine↗
PubMed1981

Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study.

The association between physical activity at work and at leisure, coronary risk factors, social class and mortality has been studied in about 15000 Oslo men, aged 40-49, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes at a screening examination for coronary risk factors. Four-year total and CHD mortality showed a decrease with increasing degree of leisure activity, and an increase with increasing work activity. The three conventional coronary risk factors--serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and number of cigarettes--associated negatively with physical leisure activity, whereas they all associated positively with physical activity at work. Men in lower social classes were less active at leisure but more active at work than men in the higher classes. In a multivariate analysis of variance with coronary risk score (based on SBP, serum total cholesterol and number of cigarettes), social class and physical activity, the predictive power of physical leisure activity for future death was almost as good as the coronary risk score. Physical activity at work, on the other hand, was not an independent risk factor either for total or for CHD mortality.

Adult↗