Seroepidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in domestic and companion animals in Japan.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Hashimoto
Publications and source records attributed to A Hashimoto.
Determination of free amino acid enantiomers in rat brain and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with N-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteine and o-phthaldialdehyde.
The concurrent determination of free amino acid enantiomers and non-chiral amino acids in rat brain and serum was accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection after derivatization with N-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteine and o-phthaldialdehyde. The method revealed the presence of a large amount of free D-serine (0.22 mumol/g of tissue; D/D + L ratio = 0.25) in the brain whereas D-aspartate and D-alanine were established to be at trace levels. These results further support the presence of D-serine in adult brain tissues as demonstrated by recent work using gas chromatography.
Amino Acids↗
Exocytosis upon osmotic swelling in human epithelial cells.
Upon osmotic swelling human epithelial cells exhibited significant increases in the membrane capacitance. Evidence for exocytosis includes its dependency on temperature, cytosolic Ca2+ and ATP as well as its sensitivity to guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). A role of the osmotic exocytosis in the subsequent cell volume regulation is suggested.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
The presence of free D-serine in rat brain.
Free amino acid enantiomers in adult rat brain extracts were analyzed as their N,O-pentafluoropropionyl isopropyl derivatives by gas chromatography on a capillary column of Chirasil-L-Val. A peak X, which exhibited the same retention time as the N,O-pentafluoropropionyl isopropyl derivative of authentic D-serine, was detected in the brain extracts. Electron impact and positive chemical ionization mass spectra of the peak X of the brain extracts were identical to those of authentic D-serine. The concentration of free D-serine and the ratio of D-serine/total serine in the brain were estimated to be 0.27 and 0.23 mumol/g of wet weight, respectively. These data provide the first evidence that substantial quantities of free D-serine are present in mammalian brain tissues.
Animals↗
Membrane capacitance increases induced by histamine and cyclic AMP in single gastric acid-secreting cells of the guinea pig.
During acid secretion, gastric parietal cells undergo profound morphological changes including formation of the apical secretory membrane. To examine the mechanism of histamine-induced increases in the apical membrane area at the single cell level, we monitored the membrane capacitance by applying a time-resolved phase-sensitive detection method to singly isolated parietal cells of guinea pig. A real-time increase in the membrane capacitance was detected within several min after stimulation with histamine. An H2-blocker (cimetidine), but not an H1-blocker (pyrilamine), inhibited the histamine response. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP mimicked the histamine effect. The capacitance response to histamine was sensitive to cytosolic Ca2+, temperature and N-ethylmaleimide. The histamine response was inhibited by intracellular application of a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog (AMP-PNP) and an isoquinolinesulfonamide derivative that works as an inhibitor of protein kinase A (H-8). These results indicate that in parietal cells, elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP induces exocytotic insertion of intracellular membranes into the plasma membrane, presumably by activating protein kinase A.
Animals↗
An anatomical study of a new method for enlargement of narrowed aortic annulus: intra-arterial aorto-infundibuloplasty.
A new procedure "intraarterial aorto-infundibuloplasty" for the narrowed aortic annulus is described. Aortic valve replacement is performed through an aorto-pulmonary and infundibular septal incision which is eventually enlarged by a single patch, i.e., a two-dimensional patch instead of a three-dimensional patch as in Konno's procedure. An anatomical study showed that a prosthetic valve three sizes larger than the natural annular diameter could be implanted and the natural annular diameter was increased by as much as 42%.
Animals↗
Perfusion of dominant left subclavian artery during thoracic aortic aneurysm operation.
A case of aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta with dominant left vertebral artery and poor cross-collateral circulation is reported. We believe that in such a patient perfusion of the dominant left subclavian artery is a safe method to prevent vertebrobasilar ischemia during thoracic aortic aneurysm operation under normothermia.
Aorta, Thoracic↗
Mechanism of hydrolyses of phenyl alpha-maltosides catalyzed by taka-amylase A.
Michaelis constants (Kms) and molecular activities (kos) of phenyl, p-nitrophenyl and p-methylphenyl alpha-maltoside for taka-amylase A catalyzed hydrolyses were determined in H2O and in D2O at pH or pD 5.3 and at 25 degrees C. Production of alpha-maltose in the hydrolysis was confirmed by 1H NMR. Neither substituent nor solvent deuterium isotope effects on Kms for phenyl, p-nitrophenyl and p-methylphenyl alpha-maltosides were detected. On the other hand, substituent effects on kos of these compounds were evident, but the isotope effects on kos were not marked, so that protonation of the substrate in the catalytic reaction might not be rate-limiting. The result indicates that nucleophilic attack of a carboxylate anion of the enzyme upon the protonated substrate is the rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis proceeding through the nucleophilic double displacement mechanism, which involves a covalently bonded glycosyl intermediate. The molecular orbitals of phenyl alpha-D-glucosides as model compounds of phenyl alpha-maltosides were calculated by the AM1 method. From the results, it was concluded that the lowering of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and the increase of distribution of LUMO on the anomeric carbon, C-1, of the compounds are caused by protonation at the glycosidic oxygen from the protonated carboxyl group of the enzyme. This causes acceleration of the hydrolysis of a substrate by the enzyme.
Glycosides↗
Roles of conserved and allelic regions of the major merozoite surface protein (gp195) in immunity against Plasmodium falciparum.
The Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein gp195 is a candidate antigen for a vaccine against human malaria. The significance of allelism and polymorphism in vaccine-induced immunity to gp195 was investigated in this study. Rabbits were immunized with each of two allelic forms of gp195 that were affinity purified from the FUP and FVO parasite isolates. gp195-specific antibodies raised against one allelic form of gp195 cross-reacted extensively with the gp195 of the heterologous allele in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunofluorescence assays. Competitive binding ELISAs with homologous and heterologous gp195s confirmed that a majority of the anti-gp195 antibodies produced against either allelic protein were cross-reactive. Moreover, the biological activities of the gp195 antibody responses were also highly cross-reactive, since anti-gp195 sera inhibited the in vitro growth of the homologous and heterologous parasites with equal efficiency. The degree of cross-reactivity with strain-specific and allele-specific determinants of gp195 in the ELISA was low. These results suggest that the immunological cross-reactivity between the two gp195 proteins is due to recognition of conserved determinants. They also suggest that a gp195-based vaccine may be effective against blood-stage infection with a diverse array of parasite isolates.
Alleles↗
[A study of the mentally ill in institutions for homeless people in Tokyo].
Homeless problems associated with poverty may be considered almost resolved in Japan because of the post World War II economic development, but in large cities such as Tokyo the homeless are still being produced, a reflection of a variety of social problems. This study is based on an analysis of admission records of an institution for the homeless which was established in 1952 in Tokyo. Subjects are 2,122 single persons who were admitted between 1952 and 1985. Among these, 136 are mentally ill persons, who are the main subjects of analysis in this study. Results show that, which after 1970 the number of the mentally ill significantly increased, many of those people dropped out of the institution mostly because they were originally admitted directly from discharge from hospitals because there was no other place to go except the institutions, and also because the institution, originally meant to house street people who had been detained, did not offer appropriate programs for the mentally ill. A solution to these problems requires that roles of institutions for the homeless and subjects admitted be reconsidered. Institution staff should enrich programs designed for the homeless mentally ill and help them organize their social network and live in the community.
Adult↗
[Clinical experiences of a new vascular graft prosthesis fabricated from ultrafine polyester fiber (Toray graft)].
A new low porous vascular prosthesis made of a textile of ultra-fine fiber was used clinically in ten patients for whom replacement of the ascending and/or arch aorta were performed. There were no operative deaths after initial operations, but one patient died after a second operation in which replacement of the thoraco-abdominal aorta was performed. Nine survived patients are well for 50 days to 10 months postoperatively. The new vascular graft prosthesis was very soft and pliable in clinical use, and the surgical needle penetrates easily the prosthesis. Although the new graft prosthesis can be used without preclotting under full heparinization, porosity of the graft, 100 ml/min/cm, revealed initial oozing of blood for a while just after releasing an aortic clamp. Therefore, preclotting of the graft is recommended under full heparinization. Because of rapid, even, and stable formation of neo-intima in the new graft confirmed by experimental studies of Noishiki et al., and soft and pliable characteristics of the graft, a wide-spread clinical use of the new graft is recommended in the surgery of aortic aneurysms as well as reconstruction of the congenital malformations.
Adult↗
[A case report on the sliding commissuroplasty for mitral regurgitation due to posterior commissural chordal rupture].
We have performed a mitral valve reconstruction on a 31-year-old man who suffered from infective endocarditis four years ago. Severe mitral regurgitation and posterior commissural chordal rupture were noted. The mitral valve was repaired by Carpentier's sliding commissuroplasty and ring annuloplasty. The postoperative course was uneventful, and mitral regurgitation completely disappeared. It appears that Carpentier's sliding commissuroplasty is a superior new reconstructive technique for mitral regurgitation due to commissural chordal rupture.
Adult↗
[A clinical assessment of efficacy in continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion method].
From November 1990 to June 1991, 8 patients underwent surgical repair using continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion (CRCP). We evaluated the effect of CRCP from these 8 cases. As a method of CRCP, we perfused with oxygenated blood from SVC canulae with a internal jugular vein pressure of 30-40 cmH2O. Simultaneously systemic perfusion from femoral arterial canulae was performed. At nasopharyngeal temperature of 15-21 degrees C, CRCP time was 46-115 minute. SVC perfusion flow was 280-900 ml/min, and femoral arterial perfusion flow was 450-1,200 ml/min. At 30 minute after starting CRCP, oxygen tension of the blood which was returned to aortic arch was 11-23 mmHg, whereas oxygen tension of the SVC perfusion blood was 210-398 mmHg. In only one patient, transient involuntary movement was seen after operation, but prolonged emergence from anesthesia was not seen. In conclusion, CRCP is considered as an useful method in the operation of the aortic arch.
Aorta, Thoracic↗
[Protein engineering of tissue plasminogen activator].
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Surgical repair of distal aortic arch aneurysm using "elephant trunk" technique].
We present a surgical case of 61-year-old man with distal aortic arch aneurysm. Under selective cerebral perfusion in deep hypothermia, we approached to the aneurysm through median sternotomy. Dilated distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta with mural thrombus in the aneurysmal lumen were found. The aortic occlusion balloon catheter was inserted into the descending aorta. A Cooley woven Dacron graft (26 mm in diameter) was anastomosed at 5 cm above its distal end loosely to the descending aorta with five interrupted mattress sutures, and the distal portion of the graft was pushed down into the distal aorta ("elephant trunk" technique). Postoperative course was uneventful and the dead space around the graft in aneurysm was filled with thrombus. Six months later, however, emergent operation was performed because of compression of the bronchus and the esophagus by enlargement of the aneurysm due to leakage. The second operation was approached through 5th left intercostal thoracotomy and median sternotomy. The aneurysm was opened, and the thrombus was amounted to 500 g. The distal end of the graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the mid-portion of the descending thoracic aorta. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged. It is concluded that Elephant trunk technique is effective and the postoperative control of hypertension is very important.
Aorta, Thoracic↗
[Intraoperative introduction intra-aortic balloon catheter guided by transesophageal echocardiography].
It might be difficult during surgery to insert a balloon catheter into the target position of the descending aorta with the blind technique. In order to assist in the guidance and navigation process, we have used transesophageal echocardiography. This guidance system has proven to be both reliable and successful, while its required technique is simple.
Aorta, Thoracic↗
[A case report of thrombosed St. Jude Medical valve in a patient with macroglobulinemia].
A 66-year-old man who had undergone MVR using a ST. Jude Medical valve entered the hospital with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock 3 months after surgery. He had had a symptom of petechiae due to macrogloburinemia after initial MVR and had been in the poor control of anticoagulation therapy because of presence of petechiae. He was diagnosed as prosthetic valve thrombosis using echocardiography and underwent emergency re-MVR using a Central Open Bioprosthesis (COB) which was developed by our department. He was doing well 8 month after re-MVR. Selection of prosthetic valve should be performed carefully in the patient with hemorrhagic disease, and careful observation and proper anticoagulant therapy should be carried out after valve replacement.
Aged↗
[Classification of congenitally bicuspid aortic valve and its angiographic and surgical significance].
From January, 1978 to December, 1990, 85 patients with congenital bicuspid aortic valve underwent aortic valve replacements (AVR) with St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis. We classified congenital bicuspid aortic valve into four types. Type I (44.7%): Two cusps are situated right and left, a coronary artery arises from each related sinus of valsalva. Type II (22.4%): Type I + raphe in the right cusp. Type III (3.5%): one cusp is located anteriorly, the other posteriorly and both coronary arteries arise from anterior cusp. Type IV (29.4%): Type III + raphe in the anterior cusp. Regarding to preoperative diagnosis, aortic stenosis dominated in Type I (78.8%) and aortic regurgitation dominated in Type IV (72.0%). Implanted valve sizes were 22.2 +/- 1.8 (Type I), 23.4 +/- 1.6 (Type II) and 24.0 +/- 2.2 (Type IV). There was a significant difference between Type I and Type II, same as Type I and Type IV. Babb's method and outflow measurement method were utilized to predict the aortic annular size. However, both of them were not reliable for estimating the size of the aortic annulus in cases of aortic stenosis undergoing AVR with a 21 mm prosthesis.
Adolescent↗