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Biomedical subjects

A Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to A Gupta.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Development of brain free radical scavenging system and lipid peroxidation under the influence of gestational and lactational cadmium exposure.

1. Rat pups were exposed to cadmium (Cd) gestationally and lactationally through mothers receiving 20 ppm Cd in drinking water, ad libitum, from zero day of pregnancy. 2. The sequential measurement of brain lipid peroxidation showed an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at 1 (73%), 7 (30%), 14 (22%) and 21 (354%) days of age compared to respective controls. 3. A marked variation in reduced glutathione levels was observed at different postnatal ages of both control and Cd-treated groups. The levels of brain total sulphydryls were increased significantly in experimental animals at 1 (30%) and 7 (12%) days of age. 4. Cd exposure increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase by 45% and 104%, respectively, at day one. However, the continuous exposure inhibited them at 7, 14 and 21 postnatal days. 5. Cadmium treatment elevated the levels of brain catalase and glutathione reductase at all the studied ages with a maximum alteration of 66% and 50%, respectively, at 21 days of age. 6. The data indicate that the exposure of pregnant mothers to low doses of Cd produced changes in the brain antioxidant defence mechanisms at critical periods of development which may have serious implications in later life.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Translumbar inferior vena cava catheter for long-term hemodialysis.

Vascular access failure is a major cause of morbidity and even mortality in patients on chronic hemodialysis. The failure of conventional vascular access and thrombosis of the superior vena cava in a patient with ESRD was successfully treated by the percutaneous insertion of a hemodialysis catheter directly into the inferior vena cava. The translumbar access to the inferior vena cava has been used successfully in bone marrow transplant recipients and may also be used as a last choice for long-term hemodialysis when conventional access is difficult.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1995

Postural control after propofol anaesthesia in minor surgery.

There is, not only from an economic perspective, a continuous search for surgical and anaesthetic procedures that allow out-patient surgery to be conducted. Reliable estimators of the patient's street fitness are of the utmost importance. Balancing capacity is one aspect that should be considered. Clinical methods like Romberg's are subjective and imprecise. Dynamic posturography comprises a movable support surface and visual surround that are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway, with eyes open or closed. In this study the recovery from propofol anaesthesia was studied in 8 patients who underwent surgery for minor microlaryngoscopic procedures. Dynamic posturography who performed before, and 2 and 4 h after cessation of anaesthesia. All patients who were awake had normal balancing ability already at 2 h after anaesthesia. Further studies may supply additional information of other aspects of discharge after anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Daily peritoneal dialysis using a surgically placed Tenckhoff catheter for acute renal failure in children.

Thirty-one infants and children with acute failure were treated with peritoneal dialysis using a surgically placed Tenckhoff catheter. In 10 patients a peritoneal dialysis cycler was used, and 21 were dialyzed by the manual method. Initially, hourly exchanges were given for 24 to 48 h and, as the patients stabilized, 10 exchanges per day at 1-h intervals were given. The mean stabilization period was 36 +/- 8 h. The predialysis mean serum creatinine was 5.8 +/- 1.8 mg% and the serum creatinine while on daily dialysis was 2.8 +/- 1.1 mg%. Peritoneal dialysis succeeded in controlling metabolic abnormalities and improving fluid balance. All the catheters except one functioned immediately following insertion. Median duration of catheter placement for dialysis was 18 days (range 2 to 90). The incidence of peritonitis was 12.8%, and exit site infection was 6.4%. The infection rate was decreased when a cycler was used compared with the manual method (23.8% vs. 10.0%), though not statistically significant. Two patients developed hypothermia while being dialyzed via the manual method. To conclude, 10 daily peritoneal dialysis exchanges performed at 1-h intervals after initial stabilization using a surgically placed Tenckhoff catheter is an effective and safe mode of dialytic therapy for children with acute renal failure. Complications (infection and hypothermia) are reduced with the use of a cycler.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Management of the Mangled Hand and Forearm.

In this article the authors describe the methods and procedures that have been used to help patients regain hand and forearm function after mangling injuries. Assessment of the pathophysiologic condition, careful inventory of the injured structures, and early aggressive wound excision and reconstruction, followed by expert rehabilitation, are advocated. The importance of vascular restoration, stable skeletal fixation, and provision of adequate skin cover are stressed. In addition to describing their treatment approach, the authors emphasize the need for the surgeon to be well acquainted with each phase of the treatment process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Unusual radiological manifestations of Lemierre's syndrome: a case report.

Lemierre's syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity characterized by oropharyngeal infection followed by septic thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein with embolization to the lungs and other organs. The organism is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum. We report a case of Lemierre's syndrome in an 8-year-old child who presented with septic arthritis of the left hip joint. Roentgenograms and computed tomography demonstrated gas in the joint and adjacent soft tissues, along with a dislocated hip. Sonography of the neck coupled with the colour Doppler technique did not reveal any abnormality in the jugular veins. A blood culture grew Fusobacterium necrophorum, confirming the diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1995

Assessing the cause of in-patients pediatric diarrheal deaths: an analysis of hospital records.

Records of all the diarrheal patients up to the age of 5 years who were admitted to and died in Dr. B.C. Roy Memorial Hospital for Children, Calcutta, between January and December 1990 were analyzed. The records were reviewed to assess the relative importance of three clinical types of diarrhea (acute watery diarrhea, acute dysentery and persistent diarrhea) as the causes of mortality. Annual hospital death rates of children suffering from acute watery diarrhea, dysentery and persistent diarrhea were 13.6%, 18.2% and 25.9%, respectively. Overall death rates in dysentery (p = 0.03) and persistent diarrhea groups (p < .00001) were significantly higher than watery diarrhea group. Maximum deaths occurred among children aged between 7 and 36 months in all categories of diarrhea. Shigella infected children had higher case fatality rate. In acute watery diarrhea, 30.9% cases were assigned to associated causes of death whereas the same could be assigned to 92.6% and 93.2% cases in dysentery and persistent diarrhea group, respectively. Deaths occurred in most of the cases who had bronchopneumonia as underlying cause, septicemia as immediate cause and protein calorie malnutrition as associated cause and these were most frequently associated in patients suffering from dysentery and persistent diarrhea. Only 2.0% children suffering from acute watery diarrhea had dehydration at the time of death. Significantly, a high percentage of deaths occurred among malnourished children who suffered from dysentery (54.4%) and persistent diarrhea. These data suggest that Diarrheal Disease Control Programme should also give emphasis on management of non watery, non-dehydrating type of diarrhea with complications.

Bronchopneumonia↗
PubMed1995

Comparative efficacy of furazolidone and nalidixic acid in the empirical treatment of acute invasive diarrhea: randomized clinical trial.

Efficacy of furazolidone and nalidixic acid was compared in a randomized trial involving 72 children with acute invasive diarrhea. Thirty six children received furazolidone (7.5 mg/kg/day) and 36 children received nalidixic acid (55 mg/kg/day). Clinical characteristics of the two treatment groups were comparable on admission. Of these, 34 children in furazolidone treated group and 29 children in nalidixic acid treated group completed the full course of treatment and were analyzed finally for clinical efficacy. Clinical cure was observed in 29(85.3%) children treated with furazolidone and 29(100.0%) children treated with nalidixic acid. Nalidixic acid treated group had statistically significantly higher cure rate (p = 0.039) as compared to furazolidone treated group. However, 85% cure rate in furazolidone treated group may be potentially useful for the treatment of acute invasive diarrhea because of decreasing efficacy of nalidixic acid against shigellosis in many countries.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1995

Effect of Ca(2+)-channel blockers, Ca(2+)-ionophore and increased pyrene excimer formation on the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase.

The dependence of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity on Ca2+ as well as the membrane lipid microviscosity was studied by the effect of Ca(2+)-channel blockers (namely verapamil and nifedipine), Ca(2+)-ionophore, A23187 and pyrene excimer formation. Channel blockers depressed the G-6-Pase and Ca(2+)-ATPase while the ionophore increased these activities. Dimethyl sulfoxide, a known membrane surface active agent showed no change. Ca(2+)-uptake into the membrane has expectedly been lowered by the channel blockers while the ionophores facilitated the ion flux. Excimer formation of the fluorescent probe, pyrene as an indicator of increased membrane fluidity, and microviscosity calculated from there on, showed that Ca(2+)- and lipid microenvironment in the membrane significantly influenced the activity of G-6-Pase. Membrane lipid composition such as phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratio which also indicates an increased membrane fluidity is markedly increased with the ionophore but decreased with the channel blockers, while protein/phospholipid ratio remained unchanged. Microsomal G-6-Pase is a multicomponent multifunctional protein. It is argued that Ca2+ may play the role of an obligatory cofactor not only for the hydrolysis of G-6-P (catalytic part of the enzyme) but also involved in the regulation of substrate and product transport in or out of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The profile of acute poisonings in Harayana-Rohtak Study.

A prospective study of 559 cases of acute poisoning who came to this hospital over a period of 14 months. 91.4% cases were of self poisoning (suicidal), 8.1% accidental and only 0.5% homicidal. Majority of patients were young (mean age 27 years), males twice the number of females. Almost 3/4th of the total patients belonged to lower socio-economic group (rural more than urban). The common causative factors which led to self poisoning were marital disharmony, economic hardships and scolding/disagreement with other family members. Aluminium phosphide (ALP) was the most commonly abused substance followed by organophosphates and zinc phosphide in 67.8, 13.9 and 4.3% cases respectively. The overall mortality rate in the series was 33.82%, but true mortality rate in patients who consumed ALP was as high as 67.6%. Most of these cases (94.9%) were not given any preliminary treatment in the village primary health centre (PHC) nearest to the site of mishap and they were brought/referred to this hospital straight and thus most valuable time crucial for effective treatment was lost. Easy availability of a highly toxic substance like ALP at peak moments of frustration has added fuel to the fire and pushed up the incidence of self-poisoning. Suggested preventive measures include caging of tablets in plastic packs, stringent restrictions on free supply of ALP and education of medical/paramedical personnel involved in health care delivery at grass root level.

Accidents↗