Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Grieco.
The Authors report a case of percutaneous liver biopsy of a solitary hepatic lesion complicated by a serious haemorrhage. By a timely surgical operation an hepatic hemangioma has been detected. The lack of diagnostic accuracy of the echo-scintigraphic detection in assessing a solitary hepatic lesion is analyzed.
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A number of well-controlled studies have indicated that hallucinogen-assisted psychotherapy is both safe and effective. Following an historical overview, psycholytic and psychedelic therapy approaches are reviewed in terms of rationale, technique, applications, and outcomes. A new theoretical approach stemming from a learning orientation is offered as a conceptual basis for beneficial use of hallucinogens in psychotherapy. As a technology, the hallucinogens have not yet found acceptance as a useful therapeutic adjunct in the United States.
The current usage of the self-reinforcement paradigm within psychology is described and then extrapolated to the sociocultural level. It is suggested that this model offers a useful heuristic device for viewing the sequence of work and leisure habits. The interface of moral considerations and leisure activities is then considered using the problems of drug abuse to illustrate possible conflicts and solutions offered by this perspective. Historical and religious perspectives are presented as they relate to a complete understanding of the potential use and abuse of leisure behaviors. Finally, it is concluded that current economic trends justify the creation of a technology of leisure skills training as well as a technology of morality.
In the article the authors illustrate: a) a community detection program designed to identify subjects with high blood pressure for treatment; b) the degree of participation; c) the cost of realization; d) the prevalence of arterial hypertension. A total of 4.149 subjects, or 65% of the examined population over age 8, were screened. The opportunity to have their blood pressure checked were offered with a letter of invitation to a centralized ambulatory. The cost of realization was L. 360 for every screened subject. The prevalence of hypertension was 20.4%.
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The bronchodilator effects of large oral doses of clenbuterol (30 micrograms, t.i.d.) and terbutaline sulfate (5 mg, t.i.d.) were compared using the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and the maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (V50% VC) in a double-blind, two-week study, with groups of 12 patients each. The patients suffered from chronic obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airway obstruction. The bronchodilator actions of the two medications were significant between 30 and 240 minutes after the first administration on day 1 and between 30 and 60 minutes after the first administration on day 14. The administration of hydroxyphenylorciprenaline at 60 min on day 14 produced a significant additional bronchodilating effect over the bronchodilating effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline. The basal values recorded on days 7 and 14 demonstrated a significant improvement of pulmonary function over the basal values on day 1, similar in both groups. No tachyphylaxis to the bronchodilator effect to either drug occurred over the two-week study period. Neither the incidence nor the nature of side effects differed in the two treated groups. No changes in heart rate or blood pressure were noted. No abnormal effects on blood gas tension or laboratory results were observed. It was concluded that oral clenbuterol is about 170 times more potent than oral terbutaline.
Twenty-one patients with chronic bronchitis and reversible airway obstruction participated in two single-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies in inhaled clenbuterol - a new bronchodilator - and salbutamol. Nine patients participated in a dose-response study. Clenbuterol 10 microgram/puff, salbutamol 100 microgram/puff and placebo, were given by pressurized aerosol in cumulative doses of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 inhalations of each drug and placebo. The mean peak % FEV1 increases above the baseline were similar after all doses of clenbuterol and salbutamol and were significantly greater than after placebo. No cardiovascular effects were observed. Tremors were noted in two patients after 160 microgram clenbuterol and in one patient after 1600 microgram salbutamol. In a second study, clenbuterol (20 microgram), salbutamol (200 microgram) - two equieffective doses - and placebo were compared in a 6 h period in 12 patients. Clenbuterol and salbutamol produced bronchodilation of comparable magnitude, onset of action (15 min) and duration (4-6 h). Clenbuterol is an effective bronchodilator and, on the basis of molecular weight, about ten times more potent than salbutamol when given by aerosol.
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