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Biomedical subjects

A Gangl

Publications and source records attributed to A Gangl.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Multiple nodular densities on chest X-ray in liver cirrhosis--a diagnostic problem? (author's transl)].

A case report is given of a 49 year old white male patient, who had suffered for several years from liver cirrhosis and who finally died from hepatoma. Although a hepatoma was suspected in this case it was not demonstrated intra vitam, though at autopsy it was found to have invaded the lower vena cava, continuing into the right atrium. Problems of early diagnosis of hepatoma are discussed in context with this case.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1976

[Fat resorption: current concepts and micromophology].

Recent concepts in the physiology of intestinal fat absorption are reviewed and the intraluminal formation and the role of the mixed lipid micelle, the concept of the unstirred water layer and the role of the fatty acid binding protein in the intracellular transport of long chain fatty acids are particularly emphasized. It is pointed out that only little information is available on the exact mechanism of the synthesis of intestinal lipoproteins and their export from the intestinal epithelial cells. Finally, preliminary results are presented of an electron-microscopical investigation of the intestinal mucosa of rats at different intervals after intraduodenal injection of an emulsion of lipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids. Intracellular compartmentation and mechanisms of control.

Fatty acid metabolism in intestinal mucosa has been examined primarily in regard to lipid absorption. Since earlier studies suggested intestinal utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), we investigated mucosal metabolism of plasma FFA in rats. Mucosal radioactivity (1 per cent of administered) was maximal 2 min after i.v. [14C]palmitate. Of mucosal 14C, 42 percent was in water-soluble metabolites, including CO2 and ketoacids, 28 percent in phospholipids, and only 16 per cent in triglycerides. The specific activity of mucosal triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) was 11 times that of serum TGFA, confirming in situ synthesis. Double isotope experiments showed marked differences in the metabolism of fatty acids entering mucosa simultaneously from lumen and plasma. Whereas luminal fatty acids were chiefly esterified to triglyceride, plasma FFA were preferentially oxidized and incorporated into phospholipids. Crypts did not differ from villi, indicating that intestinal metabolism of plasma FFA is related to their site of entry into epithelial cells. Mucosal metabolism of i.v. [14C]palmitate was minimally affected by glucose administration. However, intraduodenal isocaloric ethanol inhibited mucosal oxidation of FFA by 60 per cent, and increased incorporation into triglycerides nearly twofold. During lipid absorption, mucosal uptake of plasma FFA doubled and incorporation into intestinal lymph triglycerides was increased sixfold. These studies demonstrate an intracellular compartmentation of fatty acids in the intestinal epithelium. In contrast to absorbed luminal fatty acids, plasma FFA in the fasting state are both an energy source and a substrate for the synthesis of tissue phospholipid. The fasting contribution of plasma FFA to mucosal and lymph triglyceride is minimal, but it increases during ethanol administration and fat absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The lipid metabolism of the small intestine and its correlation to the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism of the total organism].

It is attempted to discuss the intestinal lipid metabolism particularly as it relates to systemic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. In an introductory review of recent concepts of intestinal fat absorption special reference is given to the significance of the mixed lipid micelle during the intraluminal phase of fat absorption, to special morphological and functional features of the lumen-absorptive cell interface and to the proposed role of a fatty acid binding protein in the intracellular transport of long chain fatty acids. Furthermore the metabolic fate of absorbed fatty acids within the absorptive epithelial cell is reviewed and pointed out, that certain proteins (f.i. apoprotein B) are of crucial significance for the export of intestinal lipids into lymph. Absorption of dietary fat, however, is not the only function of the intestine in lipid metabolism. Intestinal mucosa is also capable of de novo synthesis of lipids, a function which is elaborated upon in the discussion of intestinal biosynthesis of cholesterol. Since in addition biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver has been shown to be under sensitive control of cholesterol in intestinal lymph lipoproteins and the intestine represents the only organ, in which serum cholesterol can be excreted (after conversion to bile salts in the liver), the intestine occupies the central role in cholesterol metabolism. The intensive interrelation of intestinal functions and systemic lipoprotein metabolism is underscored by the more recent finding, that the intestine also synthesizes endogenous lipoproteins, which are secreted constantly into intestinal lymph even in the fasting state, thus contributing to plasma very low density lipoproteins. The intestine is the only organ, in which extrahepatic production of endogenous lipoproteins has been demonstrated. In the special section of this paper own original work is presented, elaborating on intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and dealing with the important question, whether plasma FFA are incorporated into intestinal lymph lipoproteins. Studies were conducted in rats initially, which were given a rapid i.v. injection of labelled fatty acids. Mucosal radioactivity of the small intestine was greatest 2 minutes after i.v. 14C-palmitate, and accounted for 1% of administered isotope. Of mucosal 14C, 42% were present in water soluble metabolites, including CO2 and ketoacids, 28% in phospholipids and only 16% in triglycerides. The specific activity of mucosal triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) was 11 times that of serum TGFA, confirming triglyceride synthesis by intestinal mucosa. The unexpectedly low percent incorporation of 14C-palmitate into triglycerides and its preferential conversion to water soluble metabolites, reflecting oxidation, were confirmed in double label experiments (3H-palmitate intraluminally, 14C-palmitate i.v.), which showed marked differences in the metabolism of fatty acids entering mucosa simultaneously from the two sources. While i.v...

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of portacaval shunt and arterialization of the liver on bile acid metabolism.

The effect on bile acid clearance of portacaval end-to-side shunt, with and without arterialization of the hepatic portal venous bed, was studied in dogs. Portacaval shunt reduced liver blood flow by 75%, and peripheral serum bile acid concentration rose from 3 to 239 muM. Arterialization maintained total liver blood flow within physiological range and serum bile acid concentration was only 19 muM. Since hepatic bile acid extraction was similar in both groups, bile acid clearance was determined largely by total liver blood flow. The results of this study indicate that hepatic clearance of substances originating from portal blood is impaired in portacaval shunt and can be restored by increasing the arterial blood supply to the liver.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1975

[Current concepts of intestinal fat absorption(author's transl)].

Some details of the general physiology of intestinal fat absorption are discussed taking triglyceride absorption as an example. Special emphasis is placed upon the role of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) just recently discovered and upon the role of apoproteins for lipid transport from the epithelial cells to the intestinal lymph. On basis of own experimental results the hypothesis is put forward, that a small part of the intestinal energy requirement during fat absorption may be provided by intestinal oxydation of plasma free fatty acids.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

[Clinical and morphological features during the course of Whipple's disease(author's transl)].

Clinical and histological characteristics of Whipple's disease have been described extensively by various authors, but there are only few reports about repeated documentation of clinical and especially of micromorphological features during the course of the disease. We therefore report a case who was followed closely over a period of 3 years; small bowel biopsy was performed on 6 occasions during this time. Antibiotic therapy brought complete recovery from the disease and was followed by the disappearance of bacillary bodies in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. Despite this, many macrophages containing the typical PAS-positive material could still be demonstrated. The development of macrophages as well as etiologic aspects of the disease are discussed.

Adult↗