Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Gangl

Publications and source records attributed to A Gangl.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Cholangitis and secondary biliary cirrhosis].

Biliary obstruction and bacterial infection are the most common cause of cholangitis. By modern diagnostic techniques the biliary tract and the liver can be explored in great detail. Decompression of biliary obstruction may be achieved surgically, endoscopically and via the percutaneous transhepatic route, bacterial infections can be controlled by powerful antibiotics, thus preventing the progress of cholangitis to secondary biliary cirrhosis following decompression of biliary obstruction has been documented. In view of recent diagnostic and therapeutic progress it seems likely that the incidence of secondary biliary cirrhosis will further decline in the future.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Effects of colchicine on the intestinal transport of endogenous lipid. Ultrastructural, biochemical, and radiochemical studies in fasting rats.

The involvement of microtubules in the transepithelial transport of exogenous lipid in intestinal absorptive cells has been suggested. Using electronmicroscopic, biochemical, and radiochemical methods, we have studied the effects of the antimicrotubular agent colchicine on the intestinal mucosa and on the intestinal transport of endogenous lipid of rats in the fasting state. After colchicine treatment, the concentration of triglycerides in intestinal mucosa of rats fasted for 24 h doubled, and electron microscopic studies showed a striking accumulation of lipid particles in absorptive epithelial cells of the tips of jejunal villi. These findings suggest that colchicine interferes with the intestinal transepithelial transport of endogenous lipoproteins. Additional studies, using an intraduodenal pulse injection of [14C]linoleic acid, showed that colchicine does not affect the uptake of fatty acids by intestinal mucosa. However, it had divergent effects on fatty acid esterification, enhancing their incorporation into triglycerides relative to phospholipids, and caused a significant accumulation of endogenous diglycerides, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters within the absorptive intestinal epithelium. Detailed ultrastructural and morphometric studies revealed a decrease of visible microtubules, and a displacement of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, it is shown that after colchicine treatment, microvilli appear at the lateral plasma membrane of intestinal absorptive cells, a change not previously reported to our knowledge. Thus, our study shows that (a) colchicine causes significant changes in enterocyte ultrastructure and (b) colchicine perturbs the reesterification of absorbed endogenous fatty acids and their secretion in the form of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the enterocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[The physiology and pathophysiology of the small intestine].

An attempt is made in this review, to highlight recent concepts in the physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption, to recollect the multiplicity of functions of the small intestine in the cellular and humoral immune response and to draw attention to the numerous endocrine and paracrine cells, residing in the intestinal mucosa, which produce peptides of mostly well defined biochemistry, the physiological and especially pathophysiological role of which, however, is still uncertain.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1982

HLA antigens in inflammatory bowel disease.

HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens were studied in 27 Viennese patients with Crohn's disease and 30 patients with ulcerative colitis. The frequency of HLA-B12 was found to be significantly (p less than 0.001, pc less than 0.05) increased in patients with Crohn's disease (52%) as compared with both healthy controls (21%) and patients with ulcerative colitis (10%). The frequency of HLA-Cw5 was slightly increased in Crohn's disease; however, the corrected p value was not significant. With regard to HLA-DR antigens, differences between the study groups and the controls or between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease did not reach statistical significance. However, the concomitant occurrence of HLA-B12 and/or Cw5 and/or DR7 was observed in 11 Crohn's disease and no ulcerative colitis patient (pc less than 0.006); there is a known linkage disequilibrium between these antigens. Although they differ from previous reports, these data in conjunction with the recently disclosed increased HLA recombination frequency in patients with Crohn's disease indicate that genes coding for HLA antigens may play a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immune complexes containing hepatitis B surface antigen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

A 76-yr-old male presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome after acute hepatitis B virus infection. Main immunologic features were: (a) high levels of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen-containing immune complexes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during the acute neurologic syndrome, and (b) clearance of immune-complex material with recovery. Our data indicate that these immune complexes in cerebrospinal fluid reflect leakage from the systemic circulation via a deranged blood-brain barrier and are not generated in the cerebrospinal compartment. Possibly deposition of such immune complexes along nerve structures is important in the immunopathogenesis of some cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Biochemical and micromorphological investigation of lipids in small intestinal mucosa of patients with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

Hyperlipemia is a frequent finding in diabetes mellitus. As not only the liver, but intestinal mucosa as well synthesizes endogenous lipoproteins, we have investigated the small intestinal mucosal lipid content in 11 adult patients with juvenile onset diabetes and in 7 patients with maturity onset diabetes. Eleven non-diabetic patients served as controls. After a fasting period of 12-14 h blood was drawn for determination of glucose, lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin AI. Then several small bowel biopsies were performed by an hydraulic multiple biopsy tube or endoscopically and the specimens were processed immediately for further biochemical, histochemical and electronmicroscopical workup. Patients with juvenile and with maturity onset diabetes did not differ from controls with regard to serum lipids and to intestinal mucosal lipids determined biochemically. Surprisingly, patients with maturity onset diabetes exhibited a significantly (p less than 0,005) higher concentration of intestinal mucosal triglycerides than patients with juvenile onset diabetes. Fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin AI levels were slightly elevated in both groups of diabetic patients. Histochemically lipid particles were demonstrable in intestinal mucosa of diabetics and of controls with equal variability. The electronmicroscopical appearance of intestinal mucosa did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. Only in one patient with juvenile onset diabetes an accumulation of lipid particles within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. In conclusion, neither biochemically, nor histochemically, nor electronmicroscopically an abnormal accumulation of lipids could be found in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with well controlled diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A further case of submucosal lymphangioma of the duodenum diagnosed during endoscopy.

Submucosal lymphangiomas are benign tumors which rarely occur in the gastrointestinal tract. The current report describes the tenth case of a submucosal cavernous-cystic lymphangioma of the duodenum. The diagnosis was made during endoscopy and was confirmed histologically in a biopsy specimen. Following a brief review of the localization and symptoms of submucosal lymphangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract published thus far in the literature, therapeutic considerations are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[The diagnostic value and risks of small bowel biopsy: an assessment in 80 patients (author's transl)].

Small bowel biopsy is a routine procedure used mainly in the evaluation of malabsorption. The Crosby-Kugler capsule, which permits the performance of just one biopsy per session and hydraulic biopsy tubes, permitting multiple biopsies from any level of the small bowel, have been in use now with several modifications for about 20 years. The diagnostic range and risks of these tools are described briefly in this paper and discussed in the light of our own experience in 80 patients. In accordance with the experience of others, we found that small bowel biopsy was accompanied by only a few minor complications and we consider it a valuable procedure in clinical diagnosis and experimental research.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of portocaval shunt and arterialization of the liver on antibodies to Escherichia coli in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)].

The effect of a portocaval shunt with and without portal arterialization of the liver on serum immunoglobulin concentrations and on the incidence of antibodies to 8 different serotypes of Escherichia coli was studied in 29 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Compared with healthy controls, the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients. No difference in immunoglobulin concentrations could be observed between shunted and arterialized cirrhotics. The incidence of E. coli antibodies was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, showing a further increase in patients with portocaval shunt operations. Portal arterialization of the liver after portocaval shunting did prevent this additional increase, presumably by restoring the antigen clearing capacity of the cirrhotic liver, thus avoiding an additional stimulation of the antigen response after the portocaval shunt. The quantitative contribution of E. coli antibodies to the hyperimmunoglobulinemia of patients with cirrhosis of the liver seems to be of little significance. The results of this study underline the significance of the portal hepatic blood flow for the function of the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

[Intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids (authors transl)].

Since certain reports in the literature suggested utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) by intestinal mucosa, a study was undertaken to investigate the mucosal metabolism of plasma FFA in rats. Two minutes after i.v. injection of 14C-palmitic acid, mucosal radioactivity was 1% of the administered radioactivity. Of mucosal radioactivity 42% was in water-soluble metabolites, 28% in phospholipids and only 16% in triglycerides. The use of dual labelling revealed marked differences in the metabolism of palmitic acid entering the intestinal mucosa simultaneously from the lumen (3H-palmitic acid) and plasms (14C-palmitic acid): whereas limitlasms (14C-palmitic acid): whereas luminal palmitate was chiefly esterified to triglycerides, plasma palmitate was preferentially oxidized and incorporated ino phospholipids. Villi did not differ from crypts in this regard, indicating that the intestinal metabolism of long-chain fatty acids depends on the site of entry into epithelial cells. Glucose administration did not affect the intestinal metabolism of plasma FFA. However, intraduodenal ethanol inhibited mucosal oxidation of plasma FFA by 60% and simultaneously increased incorporation into triglycerides twofold. During fat absorption the uptake of plasma FFA into intestinal mucosa doubled.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Current concepts in the physiology of fat absorption (author's transl)].

Current concepts of intestinal fat absorption are reviewed and the aspects of intraluminal formation and the role of the mixed lipid micelle, the concept of the unstirred water layer and the role of the fatty acid-binding protein in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids are particularly emphasized. In addition, several aspects of intestinal lipoprotein production, secretion and metabolism are discussed.

Bile Acids and Salts↗