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Biomedical subjects

A Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to A Fujii.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in patients with impaired renal function].

Cefixime (CFIX) was given orally in a single dose of 100 mg to 7 patients with varying degrees of impaired renal function (Ccr 12.0-56.7 ml/min) and serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates were measured with time for the first 24 hours by the bioassay method to investigate in vivo pharmacokinetics of the drug. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX in 3 patients with moderately impaired renal function (group I: Ccr greater than or equal to 30-less than 60 ml/min) was 2.04 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after dosing and gradually declined to 0.10 microgram/ml at 24 hours after dosing. The half-life was 4.15 hours. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX achieved was 2.27 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after dosing in 4 patients with severely impaired renal function (group II: Ccr greater than or equal to 10-less than 30 ml/min) and the concentration of CFIX was 0.99 microgram/ml even after 24 hours. The half-life was prolonged to 11.05 hours. There was no great difference between groups I and II in the first 24-hour urinary excretion rates. However, the first 4-hour urinary excretion accounted for 2.14% of the administered dose of CFIX in group I but only 0.47% in group II. Urinary concentrations of CFIX peaked at 4-6 hours after dosing in both groups, and thereafter gradually decreased in group I. Whereas, they did not decline much in group II until 24 hours after dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Ampicillin concentrations in human serum, gingiva, mandibular bone, dental follicle, and dental pulp following a single oral dose of talampicillin.

Eighty-one patients who underwent the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars in the nonfasting state were given a single oral dose of talampicillin (500 mg) preoperatively. Specimens of venous blood (n = 132), gingiva (n = 70), mandibular bone (n = 78), dental follicle (n = 63), and dental pulp (n = 59) were obtained during the operation and assayed for ampicillin content. The mean peak concentrations in serum (9.64 micrograms/ml), gingiva (4.72 micrograms/mg), mandibular bone (1.77 micrograms/ml), dental follicle (3.46 micrograms/ml), and dental pulp (5.53 micrograms/mg) all occurred at approximately 150 minutes after administration of talampicillin. The ratios of the corresponding serum concentration to the peak concentrations in the various oral tissues when both were plotted as drug concentration curves were: gingiva, 0.50; mandibular bone, 0.16; dental follicle, 0.34; and dental pulp, 0.52. Talampicillin was absorbed well by the intestine, and sufficient concentrations of the resulting metabolite, ampicillin, were found in oral tissues.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Ampicillin concentrations in human serum, gingiva, the mandibular bone, and dental follicle following a single oral administration.

Ampicillin (ABPC) concentrations in human serum, gingiva, the mandibular bone, and dental follicle after a single oral administration of ampicillin (500 mg) were assayed by the agar diffusion (paper disc) method. The peak times of all specimens were identical, being 120 min after administration. The peak concentrations of the respective specimens were 2.01 micrograms/ml, 1.03, 0.34, and 0.72 micrograms/g, respectively. The concentration ratios of gingiva, the mandibular bone, and dental follicle to their corresponding serum at the peak time were 0.51, 0.16, and 0.35, respectively.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Concentrations of ampicillin and cefadroxil in human serum and mixed saliva following a single oral administration of talampicillin and cefadroxil, and relationships between serum and mixed saliva concentrations.

The concentrations of ampicillin (ABPC) from talampicillin (TAPC) and cefadroxil (CDX) in serum and mixed saliva were assayed by the thin layer disc plate method. Talampicillin and cefadroxil (500 mg) were given by a single oral administration. The relationships between serum and mixed saliva ampicillin and cefadroxil concentrations were evaluated in the paired specimens collected from 10 different persons, respectively. The means of concentration ratios of mixed saliva to serum ampicillin and cefadroxil were 0.006 +/- 0.003 and 0.025 +/- 0.010 (mean +/- SD), respectively. Significant correlation coefficients between mixed saliva and serum concentrations were found for both ampicillin and cefadroxil, which were r = 0.78, P less than 0.001, and r = 0.67, P less than 0.001, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Healing-promoting action of dried aluminium hydroxide gel evaluated by the method of histological measurements in acetic acid ulcer of rats.

The effects of dried aluminium hydroxide gel on the healing of rat acetic acid ulcer were studied in comparison to those of propantheline bromide by the method of histological measurements. Dried aluminium hydroxide gel not only decreased the macroscopic ulcer index and the defective area in the ulcerated region but also increased the decreasing index of exposed ulcer floor and the mucosal regeneration index without affecting the thickness of the ulcer base and the development index of collagen fibers. However, propantheline bromide did not have any beneficial effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Healing-promoting action of teprenone, a new antiulcer agent on acetic acid ulcer in rats.

Healing promoting action of teprenone on acetic acid ulcer in rats was assessed in comparison to that of cimetidine and proglumide by histological measurements. Teprenone (100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) decreased the macroscopic ulcer index and the defective area in the ulcerated region by 32.0% and 33.3%, respectively. In addition, this drug increased the decreasing index of exposed ulcer floor and the mucosal regeneration index by 28.1% and 38.0%, respectively. However, the thickness of the ulcer base and the development index of collagen fibers were little affected by this drug. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) showed a 27.2% decreasing action on the macroscopic ulcer index and a 31.3% increasing action on the thickness of the ulcer base, but failed to increase the mucosal regeneration index. Specimens from the cimetidine-treated rats were characterized by marked granulation proliferation beneath the ulcer floor. The upper layer of the granulation tissue was very rich in inflammatory cells. Proglumide (250 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) was scarcely effective on any parameters. These results indicate that teprenone remarkably promotes the regeneration of the defective mucosa during the ulcer healing process, and the effectiveness of cimetidine according to the macroscopic observation may be due to excessive formation of granulation tissue in the defective region.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of the efficacy, safety and usefulness of S6472, cefaclor and cephalexin on complicated urinary tract infection by the double-blind method].

To objectively evaluated the usefulness of the standard formulation of cefaclor (CCL) and the long-acting formulation of cefaclor (S6472) in noncatheterized complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), a double-blind comparison study was carried out using cephalexin (CEX) as a control. Patients were orally treated with either 500 mg of CCL 3 times/day, 750 mg of S6472 2 times/day, or 500 mg of CEX 4 times/day for 14 days. Overall clinical effect was evaluated on days 5 and 14 in accordance with the UTI therapeutic evaluation standard, with check for recurrence on day 21. There was no demographic difference between the groups. There was no difference in the effective rate on day 5 among the 3 treatment groups: 58.1% in S6472 group, 66.0% in CCL group and 61.9% in CEX group. Nor on day 14, was there any significant difference in the effective rate among the 3 groups: 70.8% in S6472 group, 63.4% in CCL group and 61.8% in CEX group. Stratification analyses (by UTI group, infection site, in- or out-patient, time of starting treatment, pretreatment severity of pyuria, total number of bacteria before treatment) revealed no significant difference among the 3 groups. Therapeutic effect evaluated by physicians in charge was not significantly different among the 3 groups on day 5 or day 14. In terms of overall therapeutic effect, all 3 products were very effective in patients infected with sensitive bacteria: On day 5, 85.4% in S6472 group, 84.4% in CCL group, and 83.7% in CEX group. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups on either day. The incidence of side effects was not significantly different among the 3 groups: 4 out of 129 patients treated with S6472 (3.1%), 2 of 131 treated with CCL (1.5%) and 2 of 128 with CEX (1.6%). Clinical laboratory tests revealed 4 abnormal findings in 4 patients treated with S6472, 6 findings in 4 treated with CCL, and 4 findings in 2 treated with CEX, showing no significant difference in incidence among the 3 groups. Both side effects and abnormal clinical laboratory findings were mild and reversible. Physicians in charge judged the usefulness of the 3 drugs on days 5 and 14, taking efficacy and safety into consideration. Significant difference was not observed. The presence of recurrence was examined 7 days after drug withdrawal in patients regarded as remarkable responders to 14-day treatment by overall therapeutic effect evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on S6472 (a new prolonged acting preparation of cefaclor) in the urological field].

Fundamental and clinical studies on S6472, a new prolonged acting preparation of cefaclor, were performed and the following results were obtained. Serum level and urinary excretion. 750 mg of S6472, 500 mg of cefaclor (CCL) and 500 mg of cephalexin (CEX) were orally administered in 6 healthy adult volunteers by the cross over method to measure serum level and urinary excretion. The serum level-time curve of S6472 showed 2 peaks at 1 and 6 hours after administration. The peak serum level of S6472 was 4.2 micrograms/ml and 2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, 1 and 6 hours after administration. The peak serum level of CCL and CEX was 5.8 micrograms/ml and 12.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, 2 hours after administration. The urine level-time curve of S6472 also showed 2 peaks at 0-2 and 4-6 hours after administration and the peak urine level was 1,320 micrograms/ml and 994 micrograms/ml, respectively, 0-2 and 4-6 hours after administration. The peak urine level of CCL was 1,337 micrograms/ml, 0-2 hours after administration and that of CEX was 2,079 micrograms/ml, 2-4 hours. The mean urinary excretion of S6472, CCL and CEX was 56%, 69% and 94% of dose at 12 hours after administration. Clinical evaluation. S6472 was tried in 200 cases of various urinary tract infections. For one group of 85 cases with acute uncomplicated cystitis, clinical effects were evaluated as excellent in 40 cases, moderate in 42 cases and poor in 3 cases, and the overall clinical effectiveness rate was 96.5%. For another group of 68 cases with complicated urinary tract infection, clinical effects were evaluated as excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 27 cases and poor in 32 cases, and the overall clinical effectiveness rate was 52.9%. Side effects. Side effects were observed in 7 cases with diarrhea, epigastralgia, stomatitis, eruption and facial swelling. Administration of S6472 was discontinued in 2 cases, but in 7 cases all symptoms were transient.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[In vitro antibacterial activity of various cephems against clinical isolates from complicated urinary tract infections].

In vitro antibacterial activity of several cephems (CEZ as the first generation (group A); CTM and CMZ as the second generation (group B); CMX, CPZ, LMOX, CTX and CZX as the third generation (group C)) against 8 species, each of 54 strains, of Gram-negative clinical isolates from complicated urinary tract infection was compared by determination of the MICs. The following results were obtained: The most sensitive drugs against each species in MIC80; CTX (MIC80 0.20 microgram/ml) against E. coli, CMX (1.56 microgram/ml) against K. pneumoniae, LMOX (0.39 microgram/ml) against P. mirabilis, LMOX (0.78 microgram/ml) against Indole (+) Proteus, CMX and CPZ (50 micrograms/ml) against E. cloacae, CMX and LMOX (50 micrograms/ml) against C. freundii, CMX (3.13 micrograms/ml) against S. marcescens and CPZ (25 micrograms/ml) against P. aeruginosa The most sensitive drugs against each species in MICS100; CMX (MIC100 3.13 micrograms/ml) against E. coli, CMX (6.25 micrograms/ml) against K. pneumoniae, CTX (0.78 microgram/ml) against P. mirabilis, LMOX (1.56 microgram/ml) against Indole (+) Proteus, CPZ (100 micrograms/ml) against E. cloacae, CMX (100 micrograms/ml) against C. freundii, CMX (12.5 microgram/ml) against S. marcescens and CPZ (50 micrograms/ml) against P. aeruginosa. In each species, the group C were most sensitive followed by those of the group B. Many isolates were highly resistant to the group A (especially in C. freundii, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Collection of human oocytes by percutaneous aspiration using ultrasound].

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous follicular aspiration was performed in 10 patients taking part in our in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program, in which laparoscopic egg retrieval had been recognized to be difficult, due to severe adhesions. Twenty-three follicles with a mean diameter of 23mm were aspirated, and 12 oocytes were recovered, giving a success rate of 52% per follicle. The overall egg recovery rate was 64% (9/14) per procedure. In 7 cases the procedure was carried out under local anesthesia, in 4 cases under subarachnoid block, and in the remaining 3 under general anesthesia. Egg recovery was better under spinal and general anesthesia (6/7) than local anesthesia (3/7). The only complication was a transient hematuria found in one patient. These results suggests that ultrasound-guided follicular puncture is useful for collecting oocytes in the IVF-ET program, when the routine laparoscopic approach is not applicable because of severe pelvic adhesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on antibiotics distribution in the post-operative cavity].

In 17 post-operative patients, serum and operation cavity exudate levels after 2 g administration of various cephems (CZX, LMOX, CTX, and CPZ) by one hour drip infusion were evaluated. Drug concentration in exudate (actual levels) was corrected by using an equation for the purpose of excluding blood contamination. After 2 hours from the start of infusion, theoretical levels generally were similar to actual levels. CZX: Peak exudate level was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. Maximum exudate level/maximum serum level (E/S) was 0.31. LMOX: Peak in exudate was 41.4 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. E/S was 0.59. CTX: Exudate peak level was 30.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, and E/S was 0.53. CPZ: Peak level in exudate was 74.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. E/S was 0.36. Generally, peaks occurred at 4 hours (3 hours later than serum peaks), and their range was between 30 and 80 micrograms/ml. At 8 hours, drug levels in exudate were 10 approximately 60 micrograms/ml, and they were higher than the corresponding serum level at that time.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Ectopic ureter without urinary incontinence despite ureteric orifice in the vestibulum: report of one case].

UNLABELLED: This is one case of ectopic ureter which lacked urinary incontinence despite ureteric orifice in the vestibulum. CASE: A 20-year-old woman complained of miction pain. On examination, we found a small orifice in the vestibulum. DIP revealed slight hydronephrosis in the left contracted kidney and normal pyelogram in the right kidney. On cystoscopy, the bilateral ureteral orifices were normal, but we found the head of a catheter placed in the orifice of the vestibulum was passing under the mucosa of the bladder. The abnormal lumen was recognized by introducing an opaque medium through a catheter placed into the orifice of the vestibulum. The diagnosis was an abnormal left ureteral ectopic opening into the vestibulum with left complete duplication of renal pelvis and ureter. Left heminephro-ureterectomy was performed. Some discussions about the ectopic ureteral orifice without incontinence were conducted.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Statistics on operations in the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine (January, 1976 to December, 1980)].

Statistical observations on operations performed in our department from 1976 to 1980 were reviewed, especially in comparison with the statistics for the preceding 10 years. Operations on the kidney were the most frequent, as they were in the preceding 10 years, but operations on the bladder have increased remarkably, in 1980 accounting for more than those on the kidney. During this period, operations for benign diseases such as lithotomy of the upper urinary tract and prostatectomy tended to decrease. On the other hand, operations for malignant diseases of kidney, bladder and scrotal contents steadily increased. Transurethral operations are still increasing, especially for bladder tumors. It has been established that bladder tumors should be treated by either TUR-BT or total cystectomy and not by partial cystectomy. As to urinary diversion, ileal conduit was the main procedure used during this 5-year period instead of cutaneous ureterostomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

An automated algorithm for radionuclide angiocardiographic quantitation of circulatory shunting.

Circulatory shunting may be quantitated by analysis of time-activity curves obtained from radionuclide angiocardiography. A new automated algorithm for performing this analysis is proposed. The algorithm uses mathematical deconvolution techniques to increase the temporal separation of the components of this curve and thereby improves the accuracy of the analysis. The stability of the algorithm to random data errors was assessed by experiments on simulated time-activity curves degraded with pseudorandom noise. Excellent performance was obtained on a set of test problems previously used in the literature. The algorithm was used to quantitate left-to-right shunting in patients undergoing radionuclide angiocardiography during cardiac catheterization. A strong correlation (r = 0.96) was found between pulmonary to systemic flow ratios (Qp:Qs) obtained using the algorithm on radionuclide angiocardiographic data and Qp:Qs values obtained by oximetry at cardiac catheterization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

New preoperative chemotherapy for bladder cancer using combination hemodialysis and direct hemoperfusion: preliminary report.

Preoperative chemotherapy and subsequent cystectomy were performed on 11 patients with locally invasive bladder cancer. Three chemotherapy regimens were tested: 1) 2 to 3 mg. per kg. doxorubicin in 5 patients, 2) 1 mg. per kg. mitomycin C in 3 and 3) 0.6 mg. per kg. mitomycin C with 70 mg. systemic bleomycin in 3. Doxorubicin and mitomycin C were infused once preoperatively into the hypogastric arteries or the aortic bifurcation, with simultaneous hemodialysis and direct hemoperfusion to remove as much extra-regional infusate as possible and, thus, reduce the systemic toxicity of the drug. Objective responses were obtained in 4 of 7 patients with measurable tumor (57 per cent). Downstaging was obtained in 7 of 11 patients (64 per cent). All patients given doxorubicin had leukocytopenia (500 to 1,900 per mm.3) and moderate patchy alopecia, and 1 patient given mitomycin C and bleomycin had thrombocytopenia (44,000 per mm.3). However, these side effects were observed comparatively less in the patients given mitomycin C only.

Adult↗