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Biomedical subjects

A Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to A Fujii.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Gastric cancer detected by mass survey. Comparison between mass survey and outpatient detection.

Although the incidence of stomach cancer in Japan has decreased only slightly, the mortality has decreased markedly. The main reason for this success is the early diagnosis of cancer, to which mass survey has contributed. From 1964 to 1985, 290,914 screening examinations were done at the Mass Survey Center of the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. In 474 people (0.16%) cancer was detected, and of those, 52% were in an early stage of disease. For the mass survey group, the 5-year survival rate was 80%, and the 10-year survival rate 78.5%. The outpatient group rates were 56.2% and 55.1% for 5 and 10 years, respectively. This difference could be explained by the higher percentage of early gastric cancer and less extensive lymph node metastasis in patients with serosal involvement, in the outpatient group. The 10-year survival results show that early treatment results in an absolute better long-term survival. This refutes the hypothesis that 5-year survival rates of early gastric cancer patients are biased because of lead time of early diagnosis. Mass survey, even for a small district, provides an excellent opportunity to detect gastric cancer in people without symptoms. The high percentage of cases detected with cancer in an early stage reduces stomach cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

In vitro immunosuppressive properties of spergualins to murine T cell response.

Deoxyspergualin has strong immunosuppressive activity in animals. However, it shows less in vitro immunosuppressive activity at the therapeutic concentration used for in vivo administration. Recently, we reported that there are some technical problems with in vitro experiments. In this report, the effects of spergualins were examined under in vitro conditions which excluded these problems, and compared with cyclosporine A (CYA). Spergualins have suppressive effects on mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction. Furthermore, interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced proliferation of concanavalin A blasts and CTLL-2 were inhibited at low concentration. However, spergualins have little effect in the early stage of MLR or the mitogen response. These results suggest that spergualins act on the proliferation and differentiation of T cells which respond to growth factors, such as IL-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Susceptibility and beta-lactamase-producing strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Thirty-three strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, MIC for methicillin greater than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml) isolated from sputum were examined for their susceptibilities against 8 antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC), cefazolin (CEZ), minocycline (MINO), erythromycin (EM), tobramycin (TOB), refampicin (RFP), and ofloxacin (OFLX) were used as the antimicrobial agents. The production of beta-lactamase was also determined. The results are as follows: 1) The highest susceptibility was given by RFP, and followed by MINO, and OFLX. All strains were resistant against EM and TOB. 2) The percentage of beta-lactamase-positive strains was 75.8%, which was distributed nearly identical among each MIC to DMPPC (72.0-77.8%). 3) Since the beta-lactamase-positive strains were found among the sensitive strains to ABPC, it was suggested that the use of beta-lactam antimicrobial agents might bring into the higher MIC value to ABPC. 4) Since there were beta-lactamase-negative strains among the resistant strains to ABPC, it was indicated that penicillin binding protein-2' might be produced by giving beta-lactam antimicrobial agents.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of sucrose on aspirin ulcer].

UNLABELLED: At the present stage of drug interactions, little has been studied on food-drug interactions. Excess intake of sucrose is well known to cause arteriosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, toxicity to blood cells, dental caries, and accumulations of metabolic products in blood. Under the such conditions, it is possible that the ulcerogenic drugs, such as synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs, may cause severe gastric lesions by oral administration. The present investigation was undertaken to study the influences of sucrose on the gastric lesions induced by aspirin (aspirin ulcer) in rats maintained with 10% sucrose solution. Thus, the effect of sucrose on aggressive and protective factors, proposed by Shay and Sun, was studied. METHOD: Sixty rats were maintained with 10% sucrose solution ad libitum as drinking solution for 4 weeks (10% sucrose group). As control, purified water was given ad libitum to 60 rats (control group). Rats were starved for 24 hours, but allowed free access of water before the experiment, and then were subjected to the following experiments: (1) Twenty rats from each group were treated to prepare pylorus-ligated rats. Aspirin in 1% CMC (100mg/kg body-weight) was given in 10 rats from each group immediately after the ligation. Gastric juice excreted during 6 hours was collected and its supernatant (1,500 x g) was used for determinations of pH, acidity, acid output, pepsin activity, and pepsin output. Aspirin and salicylic acid contents in gastric juice were also determined by HPLC. (2) The mucosa of the stomach of (1) were subjected to the analysis of hexosamine. Twenty rats from each group without pylorus-ligation were also used for the analysis. Among them, 10 rats from each group were given aspirin in 1% CMC with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight. (3) Ten rats from each group were given aspirin with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight and the stomach (n = 10 for each group) was extracted 30 minutes after the aspirin administration for histochemical study to obtain covering mucus index, epitherial mucus index, total mucus index, and rate of mucous injury. (4) Aspirin in 1% CMC was given to 10 rats of each group with the dose of 300 mg/kg body-weight. Rats were sacrificed 6 hours after the administration of aspirin, and then stomachs were extracted and treated with 10% neutral formalin. The length of lesions was measured under a microscope (x 10), and then Ulcer Index was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Suppression of testicular activity by a GnRH agonist in hypophysectomized, gonadotropin-treated mice.

Although it is believed that the suppressive effect of GnRH agonist on the testes in mediated, at least in part, through its direct action on the testes in rats, such direct action was considered to appear in rats alone and in no other species, including mice, primates and humans. To reexamine such species' specific direct action of GnRH agonists, the effect of a potent GnRH agonist, D-Leu6-GnRH (GnRH-A), on testicular activity was investigated in hypophysectomized, gonadotropin-treated mice. Thirteen days after hypophysectomy the testicular weight had decreased to 20% of that of intact mice. Daily injection of 1 IU of HCG and 0.1 microgram of HMG for 10 days restored the testicular weight to 50% of that of the control animals. Daily sc injections of 1, 0.1 or 0.01 micrograms of GnRH-A (in addition to HCG and HMG) slightly but significantly prevented restoration of testicular weight by exogenous gonadotropins in hypophysectomized mice. A more dramatic effect of GnRH-A was observed in serum testosterone levels. Hypophysectomy resulted in a nearly 96% reduction in serum testosterone level. Treatments with HCG and HMG raised the levels to those found in intact mice. Daily injections of GnRH-A resulted in a marked reduction of testosterone levels at all doses of GnRH-A tested to those corresponding to hypophysectomized, vehicle-treated animals. Daily injection of 1 microgram of GnRH-A also reduced both testicular weight and testosterone levels, but the magnitudes of these reductions were smaller than those observed in hypophysectomized, gonadotropin-treated mice. The results clearly indicated that chronic treatment with GnRH-A reduces testicular function through direct action in mice under the experimental conditions employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical studies of IgA nephropathy during pregnancy].

We have obtained some new findings from the observation and management of 15 pregnancies and deliveries, all complicated with IgA nephropathy, which was diagnosed by open renal biopsy before each pregnancy. The classification of IgA nephropathy was from Grade I to Grade IV according to Nomoto et al. Clinical and pathological changes during each pregnancy were observed in the appearance and degree of edema, proteinuria and hypertension. The criteria were based on the classification of toxemia of pregnancy of the Committee for Toxemia of Pregnancy. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. We referred to laboratory data such as complete blood counts, coagulation tests, blood chemistry tests, urinalysis and renal function tests. We also referred to Amagasaki's criteria which indicate whether the pregnancy and delivery will be normal or not. Three cases with Grade I IgA nephropathy all had normal courses. Nine cases with Grade II satisfied the criteria of Amagasaki for normal delivery, but during the third trimester, proteinuria was recognized in seven cases, edema in one case and hypertension in two cases. Three cases with Grade III were all met the criteria for abnormal pregnancy and delivery. Only one case showed proteinuria from the first trimester, but she had no obstetrical complications or deterioration of renal function during her course. There were 12 vaginal deliveries and three Cesarian sections. All infants were in good condition except for one intrauterine fetal death. In view of the above results, we concluded that patients with Grade II IgA nephropathy could not continue their pregnancies safety. However, some of the patients with Grade III had successful deliveries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of norfloxacin in the treatment of acute epididymitis].

The efficacy and safety of Norfloxacin were studied in the treatment of 20 patients with acute epididymitis. Norfloxacin was orally administered at a dose of 200 mg 3 times a day for 14 days. Clinical efficacy rate on the 7th day was 95% (19/20), excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 10 cases and poor in 1 case, and on the 14th day was 95% (18/19), excellent in 12 cases, moderate in 9 cases and poor in 1 case. On the 14th day, fever, pain and swelling had disappeared in 8 cases (in 2 cases on the 7th day). The efficacy on the 14th day was further investigated compared to that on the 7th day. Before treatment with Norfloxacin, in 13 of the 20 patients, pyuria was observed. Cultivating the bacteria was isolated in 4 of the 13 patients. Norfloxacin remarkably affected the treatment of these patients with pyuria and bacteriuria. In the treatment with Norfloxacin, the count of leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP were obviously improved. Side effects and abnormal clinical laboratory findings were not observed. From these results, Norfloxacin 600 mg/day, t.i.d was considered useful and safe in the treatment of acute epididymitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[A case of leiomyoma of urinary bladder with relapse from the external urethral orifice--clinical analysis of leiomyoma of urinary bladder in Japan].

A 22-year-old female visited our hospital with complaints of pollakisuria and dysuria on July 3, 1987. Cystoscopy revealed a tumorous lesion in the urinary bladder. On July 8, 1987, she had urinary retention because of relapse of the tumor from the external urethral orifice. Under the diagnosis of urinary bladder tumor, tumorectomy was performed. The resected tumor had a steel, smooth surface, was elastic soft, red-purple and 7 g in weight. Pathological examination demonstrated the tumor to be composed of spindle-like cells, which showed no mitotic figures. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as leiomyoma of urinary bladder. In the literature, 67 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder have been reported so far in Japan. The patients ages ranged from the 2nd to 8th decade, the peak age being the 4th decade. The sex ratio was 5 to 2, females being predominant. Chief complaints were hematuria, pollakisuria and dysuria, but prolapse of the tumor from the external urethral orifice was rare, only 3 cases including our case being reported thus far. Tumorectomy (34 cases, 27%) or partial cystectomy (16 cases, 27%) was performed in many cases, because it was benign. The prognosis was good, and there have been no reports stating that it become malignant.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of aminoglycosides on renal dysfunction--pharmacokinetics of arbekacin and its elimination effects by hemodialysis and adsorption with charcoal].

In vitro studies of elimination of arbekacin (HBK), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, from blood by means of hemodialysis or adsorption with charcoal, and pharmacokinetic studies in patients with renal dysfunction were examined. HBK was well eliminated by hollow fiber type artificial kidney (HFAK) with a half-life of 0.13 hr. HBK was also well eliminated by an adsorption tube containing charcoal with even shorter half-life of 0.03 hr. As to pharmacokinetics of HBK in patients with renal dysfunction, blood levels became higher with a greater reduction in 24 hr endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr). A decreasing tendency was also seen in urinary recovery rate. These results indicated that hemodialysis and adsorption with charcoal are useful for elimination of HBK from blood. It is recommendable in patients with renal dysfunction to take some measures such as prolongation of administration interval of HBK according to the extent of decrease in Ccr.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane following a single oral administration of talampicillin.

1. Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane after a single oral administration of talampicillin (500 mg) were assayed by the agar diffusion (paper disc) method. 2. The peak times of serum and periodontal membrane were identical, being 150 min after administration. 3. The peak concentrations of serum and periodontal membrane were 7.81 micrograms/ml and 4.11 micrograms/g, respectively. 4. The mean ratio of periodontal membrane to serum concentration at the peak time was 0.53.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Ampicillin concentrations in human dental granuloma after a single oral administration of talampicillin.

Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and dental granulomas of 31 patients were determined after a single oral dose of talampicillin (equivalent to 500 mg of ampicillin) was administered to each. The specimens were taken at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 h after the administration of talampicillin. The mean peak ampicillin concentrations in serum and dental granulomas occurred at identical times, 2.5 h, and were 8.29 micrograms/ml (range, 1.81 to 13.20 micrograms/ml) and 2.94 micrograms/g (range, 1.14 to 7.16 micrograms/g), respectively. The mean dental granuloma/serum ampicillin concentration ratio at the peak time (2.5 h) was 0.42 (range, 0.29 to 0.56). Ampicillin concentrations in dental granulomas exceeded most of the MICs for the bacteria commonly isolated from odontogenic infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

In vitro activities of T-3262, NY-198, fleroxacin (AM-833; RO 23-6240), and other new quinolone agents against clinically isolated Chlamydia trachomatis strains.

The in vitro activities of three newly developed quinolone drugs (T-3262, NY-198, and fleroxacin [AM-833; RO 23-6240]) against 10 strains of clinically isolated Chlamydia trachomatis were assessed and compared with those of other quinolones and minocycline. T-3262 (MIC for 90% of isolates tested, 0.1 microgram/ml) was the most active of the quinolones. The NY-198 and fleroxacin MICs for 90% of isolates were 3.13 and 62.5 micrograms/ml, respectively.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1988

Time-course study of gastric damages in rats by anti-inflammatory drugs using a gastroscope and its quantification.

Time-course studies on gastric damages in rats caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were performed using a gastroscope, and the readings were quantified to obtain the Congestion-Hemorrhage Index (CHI) for evaluating the potencies of the damaging properties of NSAID. The correlation between CHI and Ulcer Index (UI), the quantified value obtained by the conventional methods, was highly significant at 6 and 24 hr after forced oral administration of NSAID. The peak CHIs of aspirin (300 mg/kg), indomethacin (60 mg/kg), mefenamic acid (300 mg/kg) and fenoprofen calcium (300 mg/kg) appeared approximately 24 hr after a single forced oral administration of drugs. Thus, it was suggested that an observation at 24 hr in addition to one at 6 to 7 hr might be necessary for the examination of damaged gastric mucosa. Under the present experimental conditions, fenoprofen calcium caused the greatest damages on gastric mucosa among the four NSAIDs. Mefenamic acid showed the least damaging potency on gastric mucosa, having a smaller CHI than that of aspirin. Indomethacin possessed a stronger damaging property than aspirin.

Animals↗