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Biomedical subjects

A Frank

Publications and source records attributed to A Frank.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Surface markers and size of lymphocytes in human umbilical cord blood stimulated into deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Epstein-Barr Virus.

We characterized subpopulations of lymphocytes in human umbilical cord blood which are stimulated into deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Epstein-Barr virus. Lymphocytes were examined simultaneously for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by autoradiography and for surface markers by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes or erythrocytes coated with antibody and mouse complement (EAC). The subpopulation which incorporated [3H]thymidine after exposure to virus consisted mainly of cells which formed rosettes with EAC. Lymphocytes were enriched or depleted of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells), null cells, or cells forming rosettes with EAC. The extent of sensitivity of the cells to stimulation by Epstein-Barr virus correlated with the proportion of the population which formed rosettes with EAC. When mononuclear cell populations were depleted of T lymphocytes and then fractionated by size, small lymphocytes showed higher rates of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis after virus exposure and higher transformation frequency than did larger cells or unfractionated cells. Thus, the cells which are stimulated into deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Epstein-Barr virus appear to be the same as cells which are ultimately transformed.

DNA↗
PubMed1979

Predictors of community tenure of discharged state hospital patients.

Community treatment of formerly hospitalized patients is in need of evaluation. The authors evaluated an aftercare program by examining its effect on the amount of time spent in the community by patients discharged from a state mental hospital. They assessed the impact of specific intervention in the areas of housing, employment, finances, psychiatric treatment, medication, and leisure. They conclude that assistance during the transition from the hospital to the community prolonged community tenure, that intervention in the areas of housing, finances, and medication was especially important, and that treatment in the community increased the amount of time spent in the community during the first 6 months after discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[New aspects of long-term asthma therapy].

Asthma is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment, principally on an ambulant basis. A regimen is described involving all the measures which are practicable in ambulant use--elimination of allergens, hyposensitization and multiple drug treatment with corticosteroids, ACTH, beta-adrenergic agents, anticholinergics, theophylline, sodium cromoglicate and the new compound, ketotifen--taking into account both the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease and synergistic effects of the available medicines. The immediate aim is to give the patient sustained freedom from symptoms. Once this has been achieved, multiple drug treatment can gradually give way to a protective/prophylactic regimen. Two-and-a-half years of experience with the oral antianaphylactic histamine-release inhibitor, ketotifen, have convinced us that this new drug is very suitable both as part of a multiple-drug regimen designed to bring the condition under control, and as a prophylactic for subsequent protection against further attacks. An additional advantage of ketotifen is the very low incidence of adverse reactions. Brief reference is also made to the treatment of infections and to the role of psychotherapy, breathing exercises and sport in asthma therapy.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1978

Forelimb reflexes modulated by tonic neck positions in cats.

The modulation of monosynaptic forelimb reflexes by tonic neck positions was investigated in cats with the head fixed. Lateral flexion of the body in a horizontal plane markedly facilitates reflexes of the deep radial nerve (DR) in the ipsilateral forelimb, while the antagonistic ulnar nerve (ULN) reflexes are strongly inhibited. Opposite effects are seen after contralaternal body movement. Dorsiflexion of the body clearly increases DR-reflexes and exerts a reciprocal although more pronounced inhibition on ULN reflexes. Opposite effects appear after ventriflexion. The reflex modulation starts with head-body displacements of approximately 5 degrees and increases with increasing angles. Furthermore reflex modulation does not depend on the intact cerebrum and cerebellum. The comparison of forelimb and hindlimb reflexes shows a decrease of the neck influences along the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Are there social class differences in patients' treatment conceptions?

Traditionally, lower-class individuals who have sought psychiatric help have been hampered in their efforts by classrelated inequities in the delivery of psychiatric services. A common explanation for this phenomenon has been that the treatment conceptions of lower-class individuals are "inappropriate." This report presents theoretical and research evidence challenging this notion. A review of the literature from 1954 through 1974 yielded no good evidence that lower-class patients need, expect, or want treatments incongruent with those of upper-middle-class therapists. An experimental study of the requests for help made by 278 walk-in clinic patients confirmed this observation. Patient requests, as measured by an 84-item, self-rated questionnaire, were largely independent of social class. It was concluded that social class differences in treatment disposition and outcome cannot be attributed to social class differences in patients' treatment conceptions. The possibility that methodological and sociological factors can account for the discrepancies between the findings of this study and past studies is discussed. Strategies for minimizing treatment biases against lower-class patients and for maximizing treatment effectiveness with higher-class patients are also suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Conscious dream synthesis as a method of learning about dreaming: a pedagogic experiment.

Stimulated by Freud's comments on the unique perspectives offered by "building up dreams by synthesis," the authors applied this idea to the St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute's introductory course on the psychology of dreaming. Each student was assigned the task of purposefully and consciously synthesizing a dream, utilizing certain assigned information and meeting the specified criteria. In the use of this device, it was anticipated that the conscious active effort required to duplicate the usually passively experienced processes of dreaming and the unconscious dream work would lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of the dream.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Influence of 8-substitutes on the oxidation of hypoxanthine and 6-thioxopurine by bovine milk xanthine oxidase.

1. The influence of 8-substituents was studied on the rate of oxidation of hypoxanthine and 6-thioxopurine by bovine milk xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2). 2. An 8-methyl group does not alter the rate of oxidation of hypoxanthine materially, but an 8-phenyl substituent reduces it markedly. This is ascribed to inhibition of the tautomerisation process, responsible for substrate activation, prior to oxidation. 3. In contrast, the 8-phenyl group in 3-methyl-8-phenylhypoxanthine enhances the rate, presumably by binding to a hydrophobic site near the enzymaic center. 4. An 8-phenyl group in 6-thioxopurine markedly increases the rate of enzymaic oxidation. Probably the aromatic substituent diverts anion formation to the imidazole ring. In contrast, ionisation of 8-methyl-6-thioxopurine involves the pyrimidine moiety, thus rendering enzymic attack at position 2 more difficult.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Disposition decisions in a walk-in clinic: social and psychiatric variables.

The success of a walk-in clinic in providing care without regard to social and diagnostic factors is measured in a study of 391 patients. Results indicate that acceptance or nonacceptance into the clinic system were unrelated to social class or diagnosis, although these factors did influence referrals to specific clinic resources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

On the induction of the hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase by quinolinic acid.

The induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by quinolinic acid is inhibited completely by cycloheximide and by alpha-amanitin, but only partially during the first 3 hours by 5-azacytidine and 8-azaguanine; longer treatment with 8-azaguanine, however, also prevents the major increase in enzyme activity. The hepatic concentration of cyclic AMP does not change after administration of quinolinic acid. Insulin, like hydrocortisone, acts additively to qlinolinic acid. The isoenzyme pattern of tyrosine aminotransferase is not changed cosniderably during induction of quinolinic acid. Most likely, quinolinic acid acts through its own mechanism of induction.

Amanitins↗