Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Frances

Publications and source records attributed to A Frances.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Descriptive and dynamic psychiatry: a perspective on DSM-III.

The APA Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics attempted to make DSM-III a descriptive nosology that is atheoretical in regard to etiology. The authors believe that a sharp polarity between morphological classification and explanatory formulation is artificial and misleading, and they critically review DSM-III from a psychodynamic perspective. They compare and contrast the descriptive orientation in psychiatry with the psychodynamic orientation and conclude that the two approaches overlap, that they are complementary and necessary to each other, and that there is a descriptive data base underlying dynamic psychiatry which may be usefully included in future nomenclatures.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1981

Differential therapeutics: a guide to treatment selection.

Practical and scientific developments have recently focused attention on treatment selection in psychiatry. Based on the research literature, the opinions of leading practitioners, and the authors' clinical experience, tentative guidelines for treatment selection are offered. The indications, patient enabling factors, and relative contraindications that influence the choice of treatment format, orientation, and duration are outlined, as are indications for combining psychotherapy with psychotropic medication and for a prescription of no treatment. Critics of differential therapeutics might argue that the outcome of psychotherapy is influenced primarily by its nonspecific aspects and by patient characteristics, and that it may be premature to form guidelines given the incompleteness of the research. However, as outcome studies are more carefully designed, specific effects of different treatments may well emerge. Furthermore, treatment selection is a practical necessity, and a careful analysis of the available data and opinion helps to inform these choices and to identify areas for continued research.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

The DSM-III personality disorders section: a commentary.

The author reviews the DSM-III section on personality disorders, discusses several of its more controversial diagnoses, and suggests some possible alternatives. He attributes the continued low reliability of personality diagnoses, compared with the other major sections of DSM-III, to two inherent obstacles: the lack of clear boundaries demarcating the personality disorders from normality and from one another, and the confounding influence of state and role factors. Nonetheless, the DSM-III multiaxial system highlights the importance of personality diagnosis and, together with the provision of clearly specified diagnostic criteria, achieves a considerably improved reliability compared with previous nomenclatures.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1980

Selection criteria for outpatient group psychotherapy.

A tentative set of selection criteria for referral to outpatient group psychotherapy is outlined. The criteria do not distinguish between different schools of therapy but are organized around indications for referral to heterogeneous and homogeneous groups. Noting that the most common and difficult differential therapeutic decision is choosing between heterogeneous group treatment an individual therapy, or selecting some combination of both, the authors also discuss factors to be considered in making that determination.

Group Structure↗
PubMed1979

Day hospital versus outpatient treatment: a controlled study.

This study compares day hospitalization with traditional outpatient treatment effecting rehospitalization, symptomatology, mood, community, and vocational adjustment for 30 recently discharged schizophrenic patients. Results indicate day hospital patients were significantly more involved in work and training activities, but had no significant difference in the other areas of measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Focal therapy in the day hospital.

The authors describe their adaptation of focal therapy to the day hospital setting. Its goal is circumscribed characterological change through the interpretive uncovering of only one area of conflict. It has previously been used mainly with patients seen in individual outpatient treatment who are more likely to meet the regorous selection criteria; however, the day hospital's more intense setting permits it to be used with patients who would be disqualified in outpatient treatment. The authors present a case report of a severely disturbed woman who benefited significantly from the treatment technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The day hospital: structures and functions.

This paper discusses the types of function a day hospital may serve and the choice between generalization and specialization in the creation of day-hospital structures. We suggest that a day hospital may serve as (1) an alternative to hospitalization or to shorten hospital stay; (2) as a long-term resocialization experience; and (3) as an intense brief therapy environment. The patient selection, goals, location, and staffing patterns most appropriate to each of these functions are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

The incest taboo and family structure.

The evolutionary advantage of outbreeding has influenced the family structure and the mating, attachment, and dominance behaviors of all animals. Nature has selected for those species that have evolved family structures with detachment and dominance patterns that create a relatively intact incest barrier. Man inherits from his animal forebears the biological imperative of an incest barrier but brings to it his special complexity of psychology and symbolization--incest barrier becomes incest taboo. We present a discussion of human patterns of speparation-individuation and Oedipal conflict and relate this to the detachment and dominance behaviors of animals. This is an interface between psychoanalysis, family theory, and ethology. In addition, we pursue in detail the asymmetrical operation of the incest taboo within the family: that it is stronger for mother-son than for father-daughter than for brother-sister.

Dominance-Subordination↗