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Biomedical subjects

A Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to A Fournier.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Inhibition of calcium absorption and conditions of its prolongation in the presence of carbohydrate].

Experiments were performed on adult rats. In situ ligatured ileal loops were injected with a solution 10 mM CaCl2 containing 45Ca either with or without L-xylose in concentrations of 25, 50 or 100 mM L-xylose. The rats were sacrified at either 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 hours after injection; the entire loop including the wall and content was removed. After ashing, the radioactivity of the loop was measured and the absorption coefficient of 45Ca was calculated. After half an hour, the absorption coefficient of the four solutions had about the same value. At this time, the 45Ca absorption was completed with the solution containing only calcium. With the solution containing pentose, the 45Ca absorption continued for a longer period of time. The maximal values of absorption coefficient were obtained after one hour with 25 and 50 mM L-xylose and after one and a half hour with 100 mM L-xylose; similarly, the maximal values increased in proportion to the concentration of pentose in the solution. The contents of the loops were fractionated successively by centrifugation, ultracentrifugation and two membrane ultrafiltration. No differences were observed between the repartition of 40Ca or 45Ca, either with or without 50 mM L-xylose. The stop or the lengthening of the absorption could be attributed to a possible influence of carbohydrate upon the mechanism of calcium transfer. This question is discussed from the point of relationship between the carbohydrate and the intestinal alkaline phosphatase.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

[The sympathetic nervous system inhibition in the antihypertensive effect of beta-blockers (author's transl)].

The decrease of sympathetic activity by the beta-blocking drug, as demonstrated by the decreased electric activity of the splanchnic nerve and by the decreased urinary catecholamine reponse to tilt as well as by the decreased levels of plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase exists not only in hypertension with elevated PRA but also in hypertension with normal or low PRA. In these latter cases the antihypertensive effect is better explained by the decrease in the sympathetic nervous system activity than by the decrease of PRA. This effect seems to be indirect and probably, as suggested by Lewis, as a result of damping sensory input to the central nervous system from the heart, whose capacity to respond to exercice and stress is blunted by beta-adreno-receptor blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

[Systemic arterial hypertension: pathogentic role of the sympathetic nervous system].

Role of the clinical and experimental data suggesting the role of the sympathetic nervous system in some essential hypertension are reviewed: increase in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure during orthostatism, increase in cardiac output resulting from increase in cardiopulmonary blood volume and/or in myocardial contractility, increase in peripheral resistances, elevated plasma catecholamines and dopamine-bêta-hydroxylase, disturbances in arterial baroreceptor sensitivity and in vascular response to adrenergic stimuli, elevated plasma renin activity. It appears that the role of a sympathetic overactivity is mainly important in labile hypertension with hyperkinetic syndrome and elevated plasma renin activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Semiology of benign diseases of the breast in mammography (author's transl)].

Mammography is a basic examination which must never be dissociated from the clinical background. A statistical blind study of 330 cases shows that only well definite syndroms are reliable. The presence of absence of a single sign has no value. Difficulties arise in the diagnosis of suspect nodule in a dense dystrophic breast. Hydratation of the connecting tissue is a fundamental concept for analysis of mammographic pictures. The densities change according to hormonal influence, growth of dystrophy and specific signs of fibrillary or hyalin fibrosis. A histological study of serial cuts of the breast shows that the must reliable signs are found in the center of the nodule ande immediately around it. As in the histological study, serial cuts are indispensable in X-ray examination. Tomography improves the examination of dystrophies.

Breast↗
PubMed1977

[New correlation between absorption of calcium and activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatases].

From an homogeneous breeding one can occasionnally select a rat (rat +) showing an exceptionally high calcium absorption. For such a rat, high calcium absorption is accompained by a similar high alkaline phosphatase activity in the ileum. This fact was shown in six different assays. For rat +, this enzymatic excitation seems specific for intestinal phosphatase. Other characteristic enzymes of brush border such as maltase, invertase and leucylaminopeptidase do not vary much. Only slight modifications of phosphatase activity were observed in other organs or tissues: plasma, kidney, bone. The variations for liver are more important but unsignificant. The high calcium absorption is related to alkaline phosphatase. It is observed atdifferent steps of the preperation and can be increased by sorbitol, this last property being characteristic of the enzyme. The aptitude of a rat + for high calcium absorption is only momentany. When it goes back to usual calcium utilization, intestinal mucosa shows a normal phosphatasic activity.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Mammotomography, a new technic of breast examination].

The authors present the first results of a new technique of breast examination: tomo-mammography. This new method allows a complete study of the whole gland without any compression and any modification of histological and anatomical structures, and an analysis of the center of breast lesions in which are rassembled the most reliable radiological signs. These first results enable to hope a large increase of possibilities of diagnosis of breast lesions in the most difficult anatomical and clinical cases.

Breast↗