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Biomedical subjects

A Foerster

Publications and source records attributed to A Foerster.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Colorectal adenomas and food. A prospective study of change in volume and total mass of adenomas in man.

In an endoscopic population screening study for detection of colorectal polyps the diet was registered before ascertaining whether polyps were present. Polyps less than 5 mm in diameter were followed up for 2 years before removal and histologic diagnosis. The relative risk of an increase both in the volume of registered adenomas (excluding new adenomas) and in the total mass of adenomas (including new adenomas) showed a trend towards an inverse relationship with intake of dietary fiber, non-fiber carbohydrate, and cruciferous vegetables, reaching the significance level only for intake of dietary fiber for increase of adenoma volume in men. A trend towards a positive relationship between growth and total fat intake was more inconsistent, although the significance level was reached for the relative risk of increase in adenoma mass for men. These prospective observations with regard to polyp-bearing individuals agree with previous incidence and prevalence data that have indicated a relationship between dietary habits and colorectal carcinogenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Human heart transplantation. Rejection risk factors.

The present analysis of risk factors in human cardiac transplantation is based on a review of 682 endomyocardial biopsies from 52 grafts in 51 recipients. Acute rejection was diagnosed in 149 biopsies (21.8%). The cumulative 1-year graft survival was 91.5 4%. Four out of seven patients died of irreversible rejection. An univariate analysis using the linearized rate of total rejection showed significantly higher frequency of acute rejection when donor and recipient differed for two HLA-DR antigens compared to zero or one HLA antigen disparity (p less than 0.01), as well as in patients treated with low dose steroids, Cyclosporine (CyA) and Azathioprine (p less than 0.01), compared to treatment with CyA high dose steroids. Other risk factors were graft ischemia extending 60 minutes (p less than 0.05) and patient age exceeding 40 years (p less than 0.05). A multivariate analysis using the competing risk hazard model for irreversible (= lethal) rejection was performed. The presence of two HLA-DR mismatches between donor and recipient was found to be an independent risk factor (relative risk = 8.9), and immunosuppression with CyA and high dose steroids without Azathioprine another (relative risk = 15.3). Potential risk factors such as donor and recipient sex, donor age, prior surgery and time on extracorporeal circulation were not of significant prognostic value neither in regard to rejection nor irreversible rejection.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1988

Heart transplantation in Norway. Morphological monitoring of cardiac allograft rejection. A 3-year follow-up.

A brief description is given of the most important morphological changes in endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from cyclosporin A (CyA)-treated cardiac allograft recipients. The National Hospital of Norway was, in 1983, the first Scandinavian hospital to perform a heart transplantation, an event facilitated by the new immunosuppressive drug CyA. Up to now (February 1987), 38 allogeneic orthotopic transplants have been carried out on a total of 37 patients, of whom 32 are alive and clinically well. There was no operative mortality, but 5 patients died of other causes: Two early rejections, one arrhythmia due to moderate rejection, one Toxoplasma myocarditis and one early graft failure due to donor heart coronary artery disease. The observation time ranges from six weeks to 39 months. The first 9 patients received CyA and prednisolone; all subsequent recipients were treated with Azathioprine additionally. Thirty six grafts were controlled by 557 sequential biopsy procedures which yielded 2783 endomyocardial specimens for histopathological examination. A histological diagnosis of rejection was made 99 times in 32 grafts (mean 2,6). Twenty four biopsies were obtained on clinical indication in 15 patients, and rejection was diagnosed in 11 biopsies. Evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies is important in monitoring cardiac recipients and provides a morphological index of acute rejection. Serial biopsies with adequate endomyocardial sampling from different areas of the right ventricle make it possible to diagnose acute cellular rejection at an early stage and are essential to control immunosuppressive treatment. Endomyocardial biopsy is a safe and reliable procedure and plays an important role in the management of cardiac allograft rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Autopsy findings in three family members with a presumably acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of unknown etiology.

This paper presents clinical, immunological and post-mortem findings in three family members (husband, wife and daughter) who all died in 1976 after having had chronic and recurrent opportunistic infections for many years. In all of them a progressive, presumably acquired T-lymphocyte defect associated with B-lymphocyte dysfunction had been diagnosed several years before death. The clinical and immunological findings are compatible with those seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by HTLV-III/LAV infection, but examinations of stored blood samples from the three patients were negative with regard to the presence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies. This immunodeficiency may therefore have been caused by an infectious agent of unknown nature. The most remarkable finding on post-mortem examination was the presence of a granulomatous encephalomyelitis with multinucleated giant cells in the husband and his wife. In addition, the wife's CNS revealed scattered microglial nodules. No infectious agents could be demonstrated, and the etiology of this peculiar CNS affection therefore remains obscure.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and colon. Recovery and evaluation of unresected polyps 2 years after detection.

In an endoscopic population screening study for colorectal polyps among 200 men and 200 women, 50-59 years of age, 215 polyps less than 5 mm in diameter were left in situ for the present 2-year follow-up examination. The attendance rate was 102 of 106 (96%) for polyp patients and 77 of 90 (86%) in the control group. Of 194 polyps, 143 (74%) in the 102 polyp-bearing individuals were recovered for histological evaluation and 57 polyps were registered as new. Ninety-nine (50%) of the polyps were hyperplastic, 45 (23%) were adenomas, and 45 (23%) were mucosal tags. Both growth and regression of polyps were registered. Regression was commoner in the distal part of the rectum than in the proximal part or distal sigmoid colon. Growth was similar for recovered adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, whereas mucosal tags more often showed diminution in size. No polyp had reached a size of more than 5 mm in 2 years, and no case of severe dysplasia or carcinoma was registered. The estimated total polyp mass more than doubled both for adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. It is concluded that the time interval between initial examination with removal of polyps 5 mm or larger in diameter and the first follow-up examination may safely be set at 2 years.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed1985

Collagenous colitis.

A clinical and morphological description of "collagenous colitis" with reference to own cases is given. The disease presents with watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain in middle aged subjects, mostly women. Clinical and laboratory findings are normal. In colo-rectal biopsies there is a severe thickening of the so called "collagen table" in the superficial inter-cryptal lamina propria. Ultrastructural examination shows bandlike subepithelial collagenous fibrils of types I and III. The etiology of this lesion in the large bowel is hitherto unknown. The clinical course seems to be rather benign, requiring only symptomatic treatment.

Colitis↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Size, enzyme levels, DNA distributions, and nuclear diameter in polyps of the large intestine.

Enzyme activity and cell cycle variables were measured in 38 adenomas and 9 hyperplastic large-intestinal polyps equal to or larger than 5 mm in diameter. The polyps were resected endoscopically from patients 50-59 years old. A significantly higher activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was found in polyps from women than in those from men. A higher LD and activity was also observed in adenomas with moderate to severe dysplasia than in those with mild dysplasia. A significantly higher activity was found for LD and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in adenomas greater than or equal to 10 mm than in adenomas less than 10 mm in diameter. DNA flow cytometry showed that all hyperplastic polyps were diploid and that two of the adenomas had an aneuploid DNA stemline in addition to the diploid one. The S-phase fraction varied from 3.5% to 26.5% and the G2 fraction from 0.4% to 6.7%. Two overlapping populations were found, based on nuclear size measurements. Hyperplastic polyps had almost only small nuclei, whereas adenomas had both small and large nuclei in various ratios. No statistical correlations were found between the S-phase or G2-phase fractions and polyp size or the presence of dysplasia. The number of adenomas with aneuploidy was too small to disclose a relationship to polyp size or enzyme activity. The increased enzyme activity in larger polyps and in polyps from women may point to certain risk factors in these special groups. The results indicate a further need for studies of combination of markers for prognostic evaluation of large-intestinal adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Histological examination of resected polyps.

In an endoscopic screening study of rectosigmoidal polyps in a defined normal population aged 50-59 years, polyps 5 mm or larger in diameter were removed by diathermic snare resection for histological examination. Histological examination was possible in 50 of 55 polyps removed during colonoscopy from 27 men and 17 women. Of these polyps 41 (82%) were adenomas--12 with moderate dysplasia, 1 with severe dysplasia, and 2 with intramucosal carcinoma. In addition, a small ulcerating carcinoma, Dukes stage A, was found. A greater extent of dysplasia was found in rectosigmoidal adenomas in women, whereas more polyps were found in both distal and proximal parts of the colon among men. The size of adenomas and degree of dysplasia were unrelated to color of the lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Collagenous colitis. A clinical, histological, and ultrastructural study.

Eleven patients with so-called collagenous colitis are described and the literature reviewed. The disease presents with persisting watery diarrhoea in middle-aged subjects, predominantly women. The fairly uniform clinical features of abdominal discomfort are suggestive of the irritable bowel syndrome. The morphological changes in colorectal biopsy specimens are diagnostic, showing an excessive intercryptal subepithelial collagen deposition throughout the large bowel. Associated hyperplasia, degeneration, and desquamation are seen in the intercryptal epithelial cells and a mild inflammatory response in the lamina propria. A comparable collagenization has not been demonstrated in other disorders, but otherwise the changes demonstrated histologically and ultrastructurally are of a quantitative nature. Collagenous colitis is unrelated to other diseases and the cause unknown. It has either a benign, continuous course or exacerbations and remissions. Loperamide relieved diarrhoea in five of six patients. The collagen deposition seems to be slowly progressive, but clinical and histopathological resolution may occasionally be seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A complete pyelo-uretero-vesical duplication.

A complete pyelo-ureteral duplication with a palpable pelvic mass giving urinary infection and a slight urinary incontinence is reported. An intravenous pyelography demonstrated that the renal calyces on the left side were reduced in number compared to those present on the right side. Renal resection and a pyelo-ureteral resection was performed. A brief survey of the embryological basis for this anomaly is presented.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Heart transplantation in Norway. One-year experience.

Eight patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation in Norway during 1984, with retransplantation in one case. The age range of the 5 men and 3 women was 19-53 years. The preoperative diagnosis was cardiomyopathy in 6 patients, ischaemic heart disease in one, and a combination of the two disorders in one patient. The immunosuppressive regimen, with cyclosporin A and low-dose prednisolone, and the treatment of graft rejection, followed the Stanford University protocol. There was no operative mortality. Three patients died shortly after the transplantation, 2 of them after about a week from acute rejection; in one of these 2 cases a second transplant was made, but was followed by pulmonary and renal complications. The third death occurred about 10 weeks postoperatively, from donor heart failure due to Toxoplasma myocarditis. The 5 survivors are clinically in good condition.

Adult↗