Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Fabiyi

Publications and source records attributed to A Fabiyi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Dengue virus infections in Nigeria: a survey for antibodies in monkeys and humans.

A retrospective serological survey for dengue immunity was conducted in Nigeria to determine the prevalence of infection in man and non-human primates. Preliminary haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests revealed that 63% of persons tested had HI antibodies against one or more of the following flaviviruses: dengue type 1, yellow fever, West Nile and Wesselsbron. Parallel HI and neutralization (N) tests on 179 human sera showed that six of 20 sera (30%) negative for flavivirus HI antibody contained dengue N antibody. This finding emphasized the advantage of the N test over HI in screening for dengue virus immunity. Neutralization tests performed on 1,816 human sera from different geographical locations in Nigeria showed that 45% of Nigerians were immune to dengue type 2 virus. The percentage of immunity in adults aged 20 years and older (51%) was significantly higher than in children (37%) (P less than 0-01). In all four ecological zones sampled, the highest percentage of dengue N antibody was observed in the derived Savannah zone (63%) followed by the rain forest zone (42%). The Southern Guinea savannah and plateau zones had lower percentages of dengue-immune persons. There was a higher prevalence of antibodies in urban (48%) than in rural communities (37%). Tests on dengue-immune sera showed that 35% of such sera contained N antibodies to dengue only or to dengue and one other virus. Therefore, dengue immunity cannot be explained by heterologous cross reactions within the flavivirus group. In addition, evidence of dengue infection was found in monkeys and galagos. 48% of monkeys and 25% of galagos contained dengue N antibody. The presence of specific dengue N antibodies in a few sera suggests that the occurrence of a forest cycle of dengue is possible in Nigeria.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Susceptibility of laboratory and domestic animals to experimental infection with Orungo virus.

Laboratory and domestic animals: mice, hamsters, rabbits, sparrows, chickens and lambs were inoculated with Orungo virus to determine their susceptibility as evidenced by clinical response, viraemia and antibody development. Mice and hamsters circulated the virus and developed neutralising antibodies; clinical signs of disease included ruffled hair coat, hypersensitivity to sudden noise and hindleg paralysis. There was an age-related susceptibility to infection in these two animals. Rabbits and lambs developed neutralising antibody but not viraemia, nor did they show signs of illness. Sparrows and chickens neither circulated the virus, nor developed neutralising antibodies to Orungo virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Biological characteristic of Nigerian strains of West Nile virus in mice and cell cultures.

The biological characteristic in mice and cell cultures of 7 strains of West Nile (WN) virus isolated in Nigeria were studied. The pattern of virus development in most organs of mice infected with two of the seven strains tested was identical, while it varied with the remaining five strains. All 7 strains of WN virus multiplied with a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the four cell cultures examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Orungo virus, an orbivirus from Africa: effects of physical and chemical agents.

Orungo virus is relatively sensitive to lipid solvents and sodium deoxycholate. It is readily inactivated at 37 degrees C and above, by u.v. irradiation, BP and formalin. Orungo virus is ph 3.0 labile, but stable at ph range of 5.0-7.0. Multiplication of Orungo virus in BHK-21 cell cultures is not affected in the presence of 5-iododeoxyuridine.

Half-Life↗
PubMed1977

Sero-epidemiology of herpes type-2 virus and carcinoma of the cervix in Ibadan.

Various sero-epidemiologic studies, including the preliminary report from Ibadan, have established that most women with premalignant and malignant carcinoma of the cervix have serologic evidence of infection of herpes type-2 virus. Using immunofluorescence method, the earlier report in Ibadan was confirmed, whereby the prevalence of HT-2 virus antibodies was shown to be significantly associated with carcinoma of the cervix, especially the squamous cell type. However, there was no such association with the grade and stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Herpes type-2 viruses and gynaecological malignancies.

Numerous sero-epidemiologic studies have noted an association between Herpes Type 2 (HT-2) virus and carcinoma of the cervix. In a study to evaluate the role of this virus, if any, on the etiology of extra cervical pelvic malignancies in Ibadan, the prevalence of HT-2 virus antibodies was found not to be significantly different in patients with extra cervical pelvic malignancies (carcinoma of the vulva and malignant trophoblastic disease) and cases of chronic cervicitis when compared with healthy controls. It was therefore concluded that no association could be found between HT-2 virus and extra cervical pelvic malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of Orungo virus, an orbivirus from Uganda and Nigeria.

Orungo virus was studied in cell culture and mice by light and electron microscopy. The virus developed in the cytoplasm of infected cells in mouse brain and cell culture in association with a specific viral granular matrix and accompanying filaments. Virus particle size was 63 nm with a core diameter of 34 nm. Most particles were released from infected cells by lysis, but some budded through membranes and assumed a "pseudoenvelope". In its morphology and mode of morphogenesis, Orungo virus was indistinguishable from other described orbiviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antigenic relationships among Nigerian strains of West Nile virus by complement fixation and agar gel precipitation techniques.

Using two serological techniques, eight Nigerian West Nile virus isolates were investigated to determine antigenic relationships among them, and to find out if these virus isolates were related to West Nile virus strains from the different zoogeographic areas of the world. One virus differed significantly from the seven other strains and was later found to be a strain of Usutu virus. The remaining strains were differentiated into two serological intratypic groups depending on their cross reactions with two strains which served as prototypes for each group. Five virus isolates which constitute one of the antigenic groups were found to be related to the Egypt 101 strain of West Nile virus originating from general Palearctic zone (European and Middle East). The other two virus isolates did not show any relationship to the strains from any of the different zoogeographic zones.

Agar↗
PubMed1976

Differentiation of Bwamba and Pongola viruses by agar-gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic techniques.

The agar-gel diffusion (AGD) and the immunoelectrophoretic (IEP) techniques were employed in the differentiation of virus strains of the Bwamba-Pongola group. These techniques were found to be more specific than either the complement fixation (CF) or the neutralization (N) test in the differentiation of Bwamba and Pongola viurses. Of 22 virus strains isolated in Nigeria and previously typed as strains of Bwamba virus by CF and N tests, 12 strains of mosquito origin were definitely classified as Pongola viruses and 10 of human origin as Bwamba viruses by the AGD and IEP techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antibodies against arboviruses in Sierra Leone.

Sera from 180 blood donors in Sierra Leone were examined by combined hemagglutination - inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests for antibodies against 10 arbovirus. The donors were 20 to 40 years old and resident at Panguma, Tongo, Serabu and Segbwema. Thirty sera (16.6%) had antibodies to group B viruses, the majority of which were to yellow fever virus as confirmed by N tests. Nineteen sera had antibodies to Arumowot virus and 4 to Sindbis virus. N antibodies against UgMP 359, a non-group B virus, were demonstrated in 12 of the sera. No antibodies were found against Bwamba and Ilesha viruses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Lassa fever (arenaviruses) as a public health problem.

Two "new" virus infections, Marburg and Lassa fever, now constitute diseases of public health importance in several countries of Africa, especially West Africa. Lassa fever has an insidious onset, is initially difficult to diagnose, has "nonspecific" clinical symptoms which have been confused with yellow fever and typhoid, shows evidence of persistent infection, is tremendously contagious, has a high mortality rate, and in particular exhibits unusual nosocomial propensity. It has also been shown to be the cause of premature births and spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. The virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and by direct contact with contaminated materials. Persistent complement-fixing antibodies have been demonstrated in patients recovered from the disease. The causative agent, a member of the arenavirus group, is known to be enzootic in rodents, especially Mastomys natalensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Yellow fever outbreak in South Eastern State of Nigeria--virological and serological studies.

An outbreak of Yellow Fever in South Eastern State involving Uyo, Itu and Abak divisions is presented. The occurrence of few jaundiced cases with fever in places 29-35 km outside Uyo indicated that the epidemic was more widely spread than it was thought. The rural communities appeared to be more severely affected where a considerably large number of unrecorded deaths were reported. Mortality rate was about 56% among hospitalised patients. The diagnosis of Yellow Fever was confirmed by virus isolation and serology This was the first recorded outbreak in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Antigenic analysis of Nigerian strains of West Nile virus by neutralization test.

Employing neutralization tests, eight Nigerian strains of West Nile virus were investigated to determine antigenic relationships among them. One virus strain differed so significantly from the others and was later found to be a strain of Usutu virus. The other seven strains were differentiated into two serological intratypic groups dependent on their cross reactions with two strains which served as prototypes for each group. It was found that for epidemiological studies, screening of sera and sero-diagnosis, strain 7019 which had a broad spectrum of reactivity with other strains was a most suitable strain for detecting and evaluating antibodies to West Nile virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Virological and serological studies of a suspected yellow fever virus outbreak in Mabudi area of Benue Plateau State of Nigeria.

Human sera collected during a suspected yellow fever outbreak in Mabudi, Benue-Plateau State of Nigeria were examined for virus content by mouse inoculation, and presence of antibody by complement fixation (CF) and neutralization (N) tests in baby mice. No virus was isolated from 116 sera examined. 40 and 41 of the 358 sera tested were positive for yellow fever and UgMP 359 CF antibodies respectively, with 12 possession CF antibodies to both viruses. In neutralization tests, 91 and 99 of the 243 sera tested were positive for yellow fever and UgMP 359 N antibodies respectively with 37 positive for both viruses. Tissues from one hundred and twelve animals; 77 rodents and 45 birds were also tested for virus content and found negative. None of the 9 rodent and 3 bird sera was positive for N antibody to either virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Herpes type-2 virus antibody status in groups of patients with neoplasm in Ibadan.

Various studies have associated Herpes Type-2 (HT-2) virus with carcinoma of the cervix, especially the squamous cell type. In the present study, prevalence of HT-2 virus antibodies was found to be significantly higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix than in cases with squamous cell carcinoma of sites other than the cervix, and other pelvic and extrapelvic malignancies (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that no association could be found between Herpes Type-2 virus and malignancies of sites other than the cervix.

Antibodies, Viral↗