We examined whether the susceptibility of fetuses to a teratogen differs between fetuses from delayed mating and those from normal mating. Mitomycin-C (MMC; 2.5 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg) was administered to pregnant mice intraperitoneally on day 10 of gestation after either normal or delayed mating (6 h). The incidence of MMC-induced malformations in fetuses from delayed mating was significantly lower than in those from the normal mating group when the treatment time was adjusted to be at the same critical period according to the "catch-up" phenomenon of developmental progression in the delayed mating group.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Carpal and tarsal bone anomalies in mice induced by maternal treatment of Ara-C.

Pregnant mice of the Jcl:ICR strain were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 5 mg/kg of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on dg 10.5. Skeletal changes of the forepaw and hindpaw were evaluated in the offspring on the 15th or 24th postnatal day. Various anomalies of carpal and tarsal bones such as fusion, absence, and deformation occurred at high incidence at a dose that produced digital anomalies. Almost all newborns with Ara-C-induced digital anomalies (oligodactyly or polydactyly) had anomalies of carpal or tarsal bones in the particular paw, while anomalies of carpal or tarsal bones could occur in the presence or absence of digital anomalies. Carpal and tarsal bone anomalies may become a sensitive and novel parameter of limb development in the postnatal teratogen testing system.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stage specificity of Ara-C induced carpal and tarsal bone anomalies in mice.

Pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 5 mg/kg of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on different gestational days (dg 9-12). On the 15th postnatal day, skeletal anomalies of the paws were examined, and associations between carpal and tarsal bone anomalies and digit anomalies were assessed. The types of carpal and tarsal bone anomalies differed according to the time of exposure to Ara-C during pregnancy. It was also found that the "critical period" for the carpal and tarsal bones is wider than that of the digits. The occurrence of anomalies of phalangeal and metacarpal/metatarsal bones was always associated with carpal or tarsal bone anomalies, although some carpal and tarsal bone anomalies occurred alone. It may be that the Ara-C threshold is considerably lower in the carpal and tarsal bones than in the digits.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal mouse hip joint and hindlimb anomalies induced by prenatal exposure to Ara-C.

To induce hip joint anomalies and assess their relationship with hindlimb anomalies, pregnant mice (Jcl;ICR) were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on dg 8, 9.5, or 11. On the 24th postnatal day, surviving offspring were stained by alizarin red S and anomalies were observed. Hip joint anomalies were observed only in one group exposed to 7.5 mg/kg on dg 9.5; the incidence of the hip joint anomalies in this group was about 30%. The types of hip anomalies observed were femoral shaft dysplasia, pseudoarthrosis of the femur, femoral head dysplasia, acetabular dysplasia, fusion between the femoral head and acetabulum, and pseudoarthrosis of the coxal bone. All of these anomalies were associated with preaxial hyperplasia of the hind paws and lower leg anomalies. Strangely, while newborns with no hip joint anomalies had a fairly high rate of oligodactyly, no newborn with hip joint anomalies had oligodactyly.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual orientation of male mouse offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol.

Pregnant mice were intubated with either low (2 g/kg) or high (4 g/kg) dose of ethanol twice daily throughout the last third of the gestational period (from dg14 to dg18: gestational day; plug positive = dg 0). Ninety days after birth, the sexual orientation test was conducted on male offspring. This test was designed to observe a two-choice preference for either male or female partners in a setting in which the test animal could move freely between the two incentive compartments within which a stud male and an estrous female had been placed. We found that young adult males that had been exposed to ethanol prenatally have a decreased preference for the opposite sex and an increased preference for the same sex as a partner, although their physical development was apparently unaffected.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Avoidance of postreperfusional endotoxemia and hepatic energy depression by intraoperative lipid infusion in porcine liver transplantation.

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Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of in-phase and out-of-phase ovulation induction on early mouse embryos.

The effects of ovulation induction on pre-implantation embryos (day 4 of gestation) were studied in mature cycling mice (the Jcl:ICR strain) using relatively small doses of pregnant mare's serum (PMS)/human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (2.5 or 5 IU each) given at two different stages (in-phase or out-of-phase to the estrous cycle). The proportion of degenerated embryos was increased and the development of the embryos was retarded in the treated groups, especially in the out-of-phase subgroups. Therefore, we propose that the use of PMS/HCG for ovulation induction should be more restricted in mouse reproductive experiments when mature females are used, and that, even when ovulation induction is used, a treatment synchronized to the spontaneous estrous cycle should be elected.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Carpal and tarsal bone development is highly sensitive to three antiproliferative teratogens in mice.

When pregnant mice were given small doses of teratogens (cytosine arabinoside, mitomycin C, or busulfan) that did not induce anomalies of any other organs, a high incidence of carpal and tarsal bone anomalies still occurred. The carpal and tarsal bones may be used as a sensitive target for teratogenicity testing.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of colchicine-induced chromosomal aberrations in embryos obtained from XO mice.

A high incidence of chromosomal anomalies has been observed in the offspring of our XO mouse colony. However, the reason(s) are unknown. We hypothesized that XO dams might be more susceptible to certain chromosomal mutagens. Therefore, we assessed whether the oocytes of XO mice are more susceptible to colchicine. Pregnant XO and XX mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with colchicine, 0.2 mg/kg, 6 h after mating (between resumption of meiosis II and extrusion of the second polar body). Contrary to our expectation, the incidence of chromosomal anomalies induced by colchicine exposure did not differ between XX and XO dams. These findings suggest that the chromosomal stability of the oocytes from XO mice may not be affected by colchicine exposure at the stage of extrusion of the second polar body. The effects of chromosomal imbalance inherent in XO mice on chemical susceptibilities should be further investigated.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Remarkable antiagglomeration effect of a yeast biosurfactant, diacylmannosylerythritol, on ice-water slurry for cold thermal storage.

Antiagglomeration effects of different surfactants on ice slurry formation were examined to improve the efficiency of an ice-water slurry system to be used for cold thermal storage. Among the chemical surfactants tested, a nonionic surfactant, poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan dioleate, was found to show a greater antiagglomeration effect on the slurry than anionic, cationic, or amphoteric surfactants. More interestingly, diacylmannosylerythritol, a glycolipid biosurfactant produced by a yeast strain of Candida antarctica, exhibited a remarkable effect on the slurry, attaining a high ice packing factor (35%) for 8 h at a biosurfactant concentration of 10 mg/L. These nonionic glycolipid surfactants are likely to effectively adsorb on the ice surface in a highly regulated manner to suppress the agglomeration or growth of the ice particles. This is the first report on the utilization of biosurfactant for thermal energy storage, which may significantly expand the commercial applications of the highly environmentally friendly slurry system.

Candida↗