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Biomedical subjects

A Elbadawi

Publications and source records attributed to A Elbadawi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of parasympathetic decentralization on the feline urinary bladder.

To examine the pharmacologic nature of parasympathetic decentralization on feline vesical smooth muscle, male cats were subjected to bilateral ventral rhizotomy from levels lumbar 7 to coccygeal 1 and studied at 1 and 3 months. By employing manual bladder decompression twice daily, compensatory bladder hypertrophy was absent or minimal in all specimens. In vitro muscle bath studies of bladder body demonstrated no significant end organ pharmacologic supersensitivity to cholinergic or alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation. Membrane receptor assays displayed a rise in muscarinic cholinergic and beta adrenergic receptors at 1 month which decreased at 3 months. The cholinergic receptor data parallels ultrastructural studies which demonstrate early cholinergic nerve terminal degeneration after motor decentralization followed by subsequent regrowth of cholinergic axons. Alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptor densities remained constant in control, 1 month, and 3 month preparations. This lack of classic end organ denervation supersensitivity in the decentralized urinary bladder suggests that other mechanisms may be responsible for eliciting a positive response with the clinical denervation supersensitivity test.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of vesicourethral innervation. III. Axoaxonal synapses between postganglionic cholinergic axons and probably SIF-cell derived processes in the feline lissosphincter.

Ultrastructurally nonspecialized axoaxonal-type synapses between postganglionic cholinergic axons innervating the lissosphincter and apposed probably SIF-cell derived neuronal processes are described. These processes were considered as the peripheral extraganglionic counterparts of those belonging to type I SIF cell interneurons, described in many mammalian peripheral autonomic ganglia. On this basis, the herein reported cholinergic/probably SIF-cell derived axoaxonal-type synapses are proposed as an auxiliary mechanism of prejunctional catecholaminergic inhibition of the normally excitatory cholinergic (postganglionic parasympathetic) neuroeffector transmission in the feline lissosphincter.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of vesicourethral innervation. II. Postganglionic axoaxonal synapses in intrinsic innervation of the vesicourethral lissosphincter: a new structural and functional concept in micturition.

The interrelationships of postganglionic axons in intrinsic neuroplexuses of the vesicourethral lissosphincter ('internal sphincter') were studied ultrastructurally in the cat and rat of both sexes. Direct axoaxonal contracts between cholinergic and adrenergic axons were common in preterminal axon bundles and at neuroeffector junctions. Similar contacts between 2 cholinergic or 2 adrenergic axons were less frequent. Most contacts were ultrastructurally simple, but some had focal areas of very close axolemmal apposition, and some were focally specialized as bona fide chemical synaptic complexes. The axoaxonal contacts are introduced as a complex interaxonal synaptic system that chemically, and possibly also electrically, modulates neurotransmission in postganglionic axons innervating the lissosphincter, presynaptically (prejunctionally) at the infraganglionic level, especially by reciprocal cholinergic/adrenergic axonal interaction. This synaptic system is introduced as a potential, hitherto unrecognized, site of action of autonomic drugs, and as a key factor in the neural mechanism controlling continent closure of the lissosphincter during bladder filling, its opening to initiate and maintain voiding, and its closure to terminate the micturition cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Granulocytic sarcoma of the hard palate: report of the first case.

A case of granulocytic sarcoma of the hard palate in an elderly woman is presented. The diagnosis was suspected on the basis of histologic findings in routine tissue sections and confirmed by cytochemical and electron microscopic studies. No systemic evidence of myeloid leukemia or of any other myeloproliferative disorder was documented in the patient, who died of an unrelated cause shortly after diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructure of vesicourethral innervation. I. Neuroeffector and cell junctions in the male internal sphincter.

The ultrastructure of neuroeffector and cell junctions in smooth muscle of the internal sphincter was studied in the male cat and rat. Muscle cells of the sphincter have the same features of smooth muscle elsewhere, with frequent adherens-type junctions. Neuroeffector junctions are established with sphincter muscle cells by cholinergic and/or adrenergic axons, which probably are not distributed on a 1:1 nerve:muscle basis. The neuroeffector junctions are classified according to their cleft width, their overall morphology, the functional class of their axonal component, and the number of axonal and muscle cell elements involved. These observations unequivocally confirm the principle of dual cholinergic-adrenergic control of the male internal sphincter, and indicate that its mechanism of neuromuscular transmission is both direct via neuroeffector and indirect via muscle cell junctions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ten-minute silver stain for Pneumocystis carinii and fungi in tissue sections.

A ten-minute methenamine silver staining procedure for the rapid demonstration of Pneumocystis carinii and fungi in tissue sections has been developed. The procedure is optimal for both urgent and routine histologic diagnosis of diffuse, progressive, and life-threatening pulmonary infiltrates, especially in the compromised host, and of fungal lesions in general. Moreover, it is simple and brief, is applicable to both paraffined and frozen sections, and can easily be used by the pathology resident or pathologist if the need arises. It consistently yields results that are far superior to those obtained by Grocott's original methenamine silver method, and as good as or superior to those of modified silver methods and such nonsilver procedures as Giemsa's, Gram-Weigert, and toluidine blue stains.

Fungi↗
PubMed1982

Paradoxical resistance to adrenolytic agents of field-stimulated bladder base of rabbit.

Isolated circulatory or longitudinally oriented strips from anterior or posterior rabbit bladder base were tested for responsiveness to agonists and sensitivity of field stimulation-induced responses to antagonists. Results were compared to the regional distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves determined histochemically. Greater norepinephrine-induced responses in posterior than in anterior strips reflect denser noradrenergic innervation in posterior base. Longitudinal strips responded better to carbachol than circular strips, but no orientation-related differences in cholinergic nerve density or muscle mass were noted. Field stimulation-induced contractions were largely resistant to phenoxybenzamine (0.03 microM) and guanethidine (100 microM) and slightly reduced by phentolamine (2.6 microM). Atropine (0.4 microM) reduced maximum responses by 25 to 75%. The resistance to guanethidine suggests that the ineffectiveness of phenoxybenzamine is not due solely to atypical post synaptic receptors. Inaccessibility of the synaptic cleft to guanethidine is unlikely because the vas deferens, which possesses close contacts, was sensitive to guanethidine. Neurotransmission in bladder base may be partially noradrenergic, noncholinergic in nature. A question arises concerning the functional significance of the noradrenergic nerves in bladder base.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Combined alizarin red-reticulum stain for tissue localization of calcium deposits.

A method combining alizarin red and a modified silver stain for reticulum fibers in tissue sections is described. The method allows precise localization of calcium deposits and crystals in relation to epithelial and interstitial connective tissue elements. The deposits and their spatial relationships are clearly discernible by light microscopy, especially with polarization. The method is particularly useful for investigating calculogenesis and may prove to be of value in the study of the mechanism and evolution of pathologic calcification in various organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The microgenesis of some renal calculi.

We studied calcium oxalate stone formation in rats in which calculogenesis was induced by a diet deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6). We studied the sequence of stone formation using both a gross specimen transillumination technique, which is described, and histologic methods. A characteristic regional distribution of calculi is described and illustrated. Histologic studies reveal the interstitial site of calcium oxalate microlith formation. The progressive movement of these crystals through the tubular wall into the tubular lumen is described and illustrated. The formation of Randall's plaques is described and illustrated, as is a characteristic "geode" formation in the calyceal fornix. The significance of these findings is discussed and a new concept of stone formation proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Primary localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder.

Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder is rare. Two new cases are presented, and 44 cases from the literature are reviewed. The disease tends to occur in a younger age group in men than in women. It presents most frequently with gross painless hematuria, and usually appears at cystoscopy as a tumefied, yellowish, and occasionally ulcerated lesion. The amyloid deposits usually involve suburothelial connective tissue, suburothelial vessels, and less markedly the vesical muscularis. The treatment varies from transurethral resection to total cystectomy with urinary diversion. Transurethral resection appears to be the treatment of choice, if feasible. Close follow-up of the patient is necessary because of the frequency of multiple recurrences, which may require an ablative procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Steroids and immunosuppression. Effect on anastomotic intimal hyperplasia in femoral arterial dacron bypass grafts.

The effects of steroids and immunosuppression on 6-cm long bilateral femoral arterial Dacron bypass grafts were studied in 30 adult mongrel dogs. The dogs were serially placed into one of the following three groups: control, steroid, and immunosuppression. The control and steroid groups each had a 70% graft patency rate, whereas the immunosuppression group had a 100% eight-week graft patency rate. The results in the steroid group were not statistically different from the control group, whereas the results in the immunosuppression group were statistically different from the control. The decrease in internal diameter was secondary to a localized accumulation of tissue at the anastomotic site, which histologically appeared to be a hyperplastic intima morphologically different in each group. There is a substantial decrease in intimal hyperplasia at anastomotic sites and a higher graft patency rate in dogs treated with low-dose azathioprine as compared with control of steroid-treated animals. The mechanism seems to be a slower and more orderly intimalization rather than suppression of any specific intimal cellular elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prostatic mucinous carcinoma.

Four criteria are proposed for establishing the pathologic diagnosis of prostatic mucinous carcinoma. Twenty-one reported cases of this rare tumor are reviewed, and a new case is presented. The clinical and pathologic features of 16 authentic features of 16 authentic cases are analyzed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1979

Polypoid granulomatous and sclerosing endophlebitis of spermatic cord: new pathologic type of schistosomal funiculitis.

A case of polypoid granulomatous and sclerosing endophlebitis of the spermatic cord due to Schistosoma hematobium is described. The lesion was not due to deposition of ova and is believed to have resulted from death of an incarcerated worm mass upstream. As such, the case represents a hitherto unknown form of schistosomal funiculitis. Vascular changes in schistosomiasis are reviewed and a clinicopathologic classification of schistosomal funiculitis is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intratesticular papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

The first case of intratesticular papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is described. The tumor was histopathologically different from other types of papillary carcinoma related to the testicle and is believed to have originated from an intratesticular müllerian duct remnant.

Cystadenoma↗
PubMed1979

Plasma levels of oestrone and oestradiol-17beta in postmenopausal women.

The plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels of 34 postmenopausal women were studied and related to various of their other characteristics. The plasma oestrone and oestradiol-17beta levels (Mean +/- SE) were, respectively, 32.09 +/- 4.6 pg/ml and 13.9 +/- 3.1 pg/ml. There was a highly significant negative linear association between the years elapsed since the menopause and oestrone levels (P less than 0.001) and oestradiol levels (P less than 0.02). Both plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels were directly related to weight, but the relation was only significant for oestradiol. A significant positive correlation was found between vaginal bleeding and excess weight. The degree of oestrogenicity of the vaginal smear was directly related to the levels of oestrone (P less than 0.08) and oestradiol (P less than 0.005) and to the degree of endometrial hyperplasia (P less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Schistosomiasis presenting with testicular enlargement in elderly male.

An eighty-eight-year-old Puerto Rican presented with painless enlargment of one testicle which proved histologically to be due to Schistosoma mansoni. Intratesticular ovum deposits were not associated with inflammation, granulomas, or infarction, but marked sclerosing periorchitis was present. The case illustrates a very rare form of presentation of schistosomiasis which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral testicular enlargement in patients from an endemic area, despite the fact that orchiectomy will usually be necessary to establish a definitive histopathologic diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Mucinous urethral caruncle.

A case of urethral caruncle, composed exclusively of mucin-secreting colonic-type glands and believed to be the first on record, is described. The lesion presented clinically as an ordinary caruncle and was treated by local excision. The histogenesis of the lesion is discussed, and its probable origin from an intraurethral cloacogenic colonic gland rest is proposed.

Adult↗