Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Eichmann.
Following liquid silicone injections of the face, a 48-year-old patient developed a more and more serious painful swelling during a period of 3 years. The diagnosis of a local long-term complication after silicone injection could be established. There were no signs of a systemic complication.
A case of a 28-year-old African HIV-1 positive patient is presented. After an abscess following an intragluteal injection in Africa the patient developed an enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes. Mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from the enlarged lymph nodes.
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Two types of irritant contact dermatitis are described: the acute and the cumulative toxic contact dermatitis. The acute contact dermatitis causes many different lesions on the skin. The most frequent irritants are acids and alkaline solutions. Chemical burns by hydrofluoric acid are the most dangerous of all injuries caused by acids and need special treatment. Cumulative toxic dermatitis is often observed on the back of the hands and forearms after exposure of several weeks or months. Repeated skin contact by harmless products can also cause cumulative toxic dermatitis. Xerodermatitis is the most frequent type of cumulative toxic dermatitis. Phototoxic reactions of the skin are not caused by immunologic factors, and they are only observed at sun-exposed areas. Drugs can cause frequently phototoxic reactions. The lesions on the UV-A-exposed skin are mainly erythema and blisters.
A case of postoperative hyperemia of the glans penis following revascularization surgery for erectile impotence is described. This new surgical concept (Hauri) combines arterial revascularization with an arteriovenous shunt. The so-called 'postoperative hyperemia of the glans penis' is observed in 10-20% of the cases after arterialization of the dorsal penile vein, i.e. a pure arteriovenous shunt, and in 2-3% of the cases in arterioarterial anastomoses. The ulcers of the glans penis, which occurred 1 year after the operation, healed under careful local anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy.
In 2 children (brother and sister) focal epithelial hyperplasia could be diagnosed by means of histology, human papillomavirus typing and Southern blot. In the 14-year-old girl the history could be followed over many years. The high familial incidence and the special geographic distribution of focal epithelial hyperplasia are pointed out.
We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to clone kinase-related sequences from avian blastula, neural crest and neural tube mRNA. Twenty-three distinct protein kinase (PK) sequences were amplified, of which eight are identical to previously described PK genes. The cloned molecules fall into three classes: growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), cytosolic tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases. Among the cloned RTKs were the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, the CEK1 fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor as well as the avian homolog of a recently cloned PCR fragment related to the eph/elk/eck family, tyro-5. Furthermore, we cloned a novel FGF receptor-like molecule as well as two novel putative RTKs related to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. The pattern of expression of the PCR clones was examined by Northern blot analysis of adult tissues: each molecule recognized one or more transcripts of various sizes, suggesting that PK genes may play regulatory roles both in early development and in adult regulation of tissue function. Together with recent studies, this survey confirms the hypothesis that PKs may play important roles in early vertebrate development.
The case of a 22-year-old Philippine woman with a nonhereditary, classical syndrome of steatocystoma multiplex with histological and ultrastructural findings is reported. The good results of CO2 laser therapy are shown and the literature is reviewed.
During the period 1981 to 1988 2688 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from patients with gonorrhea were investigated at the Department of Dermatology. Zürich University Hospital. The frequency of gonorrhea decreased by 86% (from 566 in 1981 to 76 in 1988). The proportion of PPNG strains varied between 3.5% and 6.5% until 1986 and increased to 20% in 1988. If chromosomal penicillin resistant strains are included, in 1988 25% of all isolated N. gonorrhoeae strains were resistant to penicillin. Until 1984 West African and South East Asian countries were almost exclusively the source of the PPNG strains. In 1988 our PPNG strains were acquired in all five continents. Since 1985 roughly 20% of the PPNG infections have been acquired in Zurich. 95 out of 125 PPNG strains between 1981 and 1988 were examined for plasmids. 85 out of 95 PPNG strains contained the 4.4-MD plasmid ("Asia plasmid") and 8 out of 95 the 3.2-MD plasmid ("Africa plasmid"), while 63 out of 95 PPNG strains additionally contained the 24,6-MD transfer plasmid. Antibiotic resistance was as follows: all PPNG strains were resistant to penicillin (MIC greater than 1 microgram/ml). 80% to 100% were resistant to tetracycline (MIC greater than 1 microgram/ml), and 100% were sensitive to spectinomycin (MIC less than 30 micrograms/ml) and to thiamphenicol (MIC less than 2 micrograms/ml) respectively.
Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with HIV infection and mainly due to the immunodeficiency. In the initial stage of HIV infection, we frequently observe a rash of macular lesions. During the asymptomatic phase, the patients may typically show the following skin diseases: seborrhoic dermatitis, acneiform folliculitis, persistent herpes simplex, and infections with the human papilloma virus. In ARC and AIDS patients, 3 groups of skin disorders are found: cutaneous infections, skin tumors, and other mixed skin diseases. Herpes simplex and herpes zoster may develop into ulcerating and necrotising forms especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. The most frequent skin tumors in AIDS patients are the disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. More than 50% of the AIDS patients treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole developed a severe drug eruption. African and Caribbean patients with AIDS frequently suffer from pruritic skin lesions, the pathogenesis of which is not known. Aside from these cutaneous manifestations, a variety of other skin disorders have been reported in patients with HIV infection, ARC, or AIDS; future research will furnish definite proof whether they are correlated with HIV infection.
Argon laser, dye-, carbon dioxide- and Neodymium YAG laser are the most widely used in dermatological practice. The primary usage for argon- and dye lasers are vascular lesions. 60 to 70% of adult patients with port-wine nevus are successfully treated. Vascular lesions give the better results, when treated by a dye laser. Adverse side effects are minimal. After argon laser treatment adverse side effects like hyper- and hypopigmentation (-17%), atrophy and scars (4 to 5%) are observed. Carbon dioxide laser can be used to treat benign and malignant tumors of the skin. Tattoos can be removed by argon laser. Carbon dioxide- or neodymium YAG laser. The cosmetic result is not optimal for all the three laser systems. Neodymium YAG lasers can be used for the treatment of benign and malignant skin tumors in difficult areas and older patients. But the results are not better than with other procedures. Controversial results have been published concerning a phenomenon known as "biostimulation" caused by helium-neon laser. Rational indication for this laser treatment cannot be recommended in the moment.
The precancerous skin lesions are defined clinically. Sooner or later they show the tendency to develop into an actual cancer. The most common epithelial precancerous lesion is the actinic keratosis. Sun-exposure for many years and poor pigmentation of the skin predispose for developing actinic keratosis. For the efficient treatment of epithelial precancerous lesions primarily a clear diagnosis is needed. If the diagnosis is not clear a biopsy or excision followed by histological examination is necessary. The treatment modalities for office procedures are: excisional surgery, curettage, electrocoagulation, dermabrasion and cryosurgery. Ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays may be useful for treatment of elder patients with multiple actinic keratosis and large lentigo maligna. Topical chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil, trichloroacetic-acid) requires good compliance and frequent follow-up. The follow-up of patients with precancerous skin lesions is mainly on the clinical level. These patients should use sun-protective agents.
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In addition to the habitual skin manifestations, the following forms of organic involvement were found (with decreasing frequency) in 33 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis treated from 1972-1986 at the Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zürich: blood vessels 29, lungs 18, digestive system 11, joints 11, bones 8, lacrimal and salivary glands 7, musculature 3, heart 3, kidneys 2, cranial nerves 1 and peripheral neuropathy 1.-A 65-year-old patient with classic progressive systemic sclerosis and visceral involvement of the esophagus and the lungs showed, as a principal sign, unilateral neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve involving all three branches as well as absent corneal reflex. Electromyographic examination afforded evidence of a sensory neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve. Chemical laboratory tests revealed a typical high titre of antinuclear antibodies. In addition to autoimmunological causes, proliferation of fibrous structures of the perineurium and vascular lesions are discussed in connection with these complications.-The subsequent history of 37 patients with localized scleroderma and 4 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis, treated at the Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich from 1980-1985 provided no evidence of a cranial nerve involvement. The fact that during the period 1975 to 1985 only one patient treated at the Clinic of Neurology of Zürich University Hospital showed signs of disturbances of pupil motility confirms the very rare involvement of the nervous system in progressive systemic sclerosis.
From 1981-1985 2232 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated and examined in the VD laboratory of the Department for Dermatology of the University Hospital of Zurich. 86 isolates were penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains (PPNG). The MIC ranges for penicillin of the non-PPNG strains was 0.0035 to 16 mg/l, for tetracycline 0.03 to 8 mg/l, for spectinomycin 3.5 to 120 mg/l and for thiamphenicol 0.125 to 8 mg/l. 42 out of 86 PPNG strains (48.8%) had been imported from South-East Asia. Six patients (6.9%) with PPNG strains had been infected in Zurich. Plasmid patterns of all PPNG strains were determined. The 4.4 MD-plasmid ("Asian" type plasmid) was found in 68 of 86 strains. The 3.2 MD-plasmid ("African" type plasmid) in 8 of 86 and the 24.6 MD-plasmid (transfer plasmid) in 56 PPNG strains respectively. The range of the MIC for penicillin of the PPNG strains was 1-16 mg/l, for tetracycline 0.25-8 mg/l, for spectinomycin 7-30 mg/l and for thiamphenicol 0.125-2 mg/l. The frequency of PPNG strains increased from 1.7% in 1981 to 6.7% in 1985.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.