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Biomedical subjects

A Donath

Publications and source records attributed to A Donath.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Tumor localization of radio-labeled antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with carcinoma: a critical evaluation.

Purified, [131I]-labeled goat antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen, which have been shown to localize in human carcinoma in nude mice, were injected into 27 patients with carcinoma. Patients were scanned with a scintillation camera at various intervals. In 11 patients, radioactivity was detectable in the tumor 48 hours after injection. Computerized subtraction of blood-pool radioactivity provided clearer pictures in positive cases, but in 16 patients the scans remained doubtful or negative. To study the specificity of [131I]-antibody localization, we gave some patients simultaneous injections of [125I]-labeled normal IgG. Both isotopes were measured by means of scintillation counting in tumors and normal tissues recovered after surgery. The results demonstrated that only the anti-CEA antibodies localized in tumors. However, the total antibody-derived radioactivity in the tumor was only about 0.001 of the injected dose. We conclude that, despite the present demonstration of specificity, this method of tumor detection is not yet clinically useful.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Kidney and bladder pulsating activities during radioisotope renogram by computer data analysis.

This is a report of a new method in which the mathematical study of radioactivity changes in the bladder and kidney shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities. This study was done during radioisotope renogram with 99mTc DTPA. Spectral analysis of the recorded activities, taken 50 frames/sec and 1 frame every 10 sec by a scintillation camera connected to a computer, shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities of the kidney and the bladder. Slow pulsations with a period from 1/2 to 2 1/2 min were identified. Infrasonoric vibrations, from 2 to 25 Hz were found in the kidney, in a full bladder and during micturition.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Use of limitations of radiolabeled anti-CEA antibodies and their fragments for photoscanning detection of human colorectal carcinomas.

Fifty-three patients with histologically proven carcinoma were injected with highly purified [131I]-labeled goat antibodies or fragments of antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Each patient was tested by external photoscanning 4, 24, 36 and 48 h after injection. In 22 patients (16 of 38 injected with intact antibodies, 5 of 13 with F(ab')2 fragments and 1 of 2 with Fab' fragments), an increased concentration of 131I radioactivity corresponding to the previously known tumor location was detected by photoscanning 36-48 h after injection. Blood pool and secreted radioactivity was determined in all patients by injecting 15 min before scanning, [99mTc]-labeled normal serum albumin and free 99mTc04-. The computerized subtraction of 99mTc from 131I radioactivity enhanced the definition of tumor localization in the 22 positive patients. However, in spite of the computerized subtraction, interpretation of the scans remained doubtful for 12 patients and was entirely negative for 19 additional patients. In order to provide a more objective evaluation for the specificity of the tumor localization of antibodies, 14 patients scheduled for tumor resection were injected simultaneously with [131I]-labeled antibodies or fragments and with [125I]-labeled normal goat IgG or fragments. After surgery, the radioactivity of the two isotopes present either in tumor or adjacent normal tissues was measured in a dual channel scintillation counter. The results showed that the antibodies or their fragments were 2-4 times more concentrated in the tumor than in the normal tissues. In addition, it was shown that the injected antibodies formed immune complexes with circulating CEA and that the amount of immune complexes detectable in serum was roughly proportional to the level of circulating CEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Prevention of deep venous thrombosis (TVP) and pulmonary embolism. Comparison of heparin (3 x 5000 IU/day), heparin (2 x 5000 IU/day) + 0.5 mg dihydroergot, and physiotherapy (intermittent compression stockings + physical exercise). Value of Doppler diagnosis in systematic detection of TVP compared with phlebography and scanning of the legs using labelled fibrinogen].

We compared the protective value of the above treatments in 227 randomised patients. Investigations in each patient included pulmonary scanning before and after operation, repeated postoperative Doppler and radioactive limb scanning completed by phlebography to confirm positive results. The heparin DHE group and the "physiotherapic" group each totalized 76 patients and the heparin group 75. These comparable groups show that HDHE and heparin prophylaxis are identical; but physiotherapy is perhaps better. Compared with phlebography leg scanning sensitivity is 95%, whilst it's specificity is 99%. Doppler sensitivity is only of 21%, whilst it's specificity is 95%. In conclusion, "physiotherapic" prophylaxis, including Flowtron, is as effective as heparin alone. Doses of heparin may be reduced, without loss of effect, if supplemented by a veinoconstrictive agent as DHE. The low Doppler sensitivity contraindicates its use in asymptomatic DVT detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of cardiac surgery on renal function in children.

In order to determine whether cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) affects renal function in children, glomerular filtration rate (GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) were determined preoperatively and on the second postoperative day by a single-injection, urineless technique in a randomly selected group of 10 children. The GFR was 126.7 +/- 6.8 ml. per minute per 1.73 sq. M. (mean +/- S.E.M.) before the operation and 127.4 +/- 16.2 on the second postoperative day (p = 0.95). The RPF was 541.7 +/- 80.6 ml. per minute per 1.73 sq. M. preoperatively and 536.0 +/- 82.1 on the second postoperative day (p = 0.8 to 0.9). The results in this group of 10 children indicate that renal function is not markedly altered 2 days after cardiac surgery with CPB and deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest. The study also revealed a falsely decreased creatinine clearance. This was due to an increase in postoperative plasma creatinine values, probably related to an increase in plasma noncreatinine chromogens.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

[Hepatobiliary scintigraphy: a functional test].

99mTc-diethyl-HIDA selective captation by hepatocytes and rapid excretion into bile provides a scintigraphic imaging of liver, biliary system and gall bladder. Substance blood clearance and liver half-life measurements add quantitative information on liver function. Normal, cirrhotic and jaundiced patients with extrahepatic obstruction were studied and each group showed significant characteristics. Through non-invasive biliary system visualization and liver function evaluation, hepatobiliary scintigraphy has its place as a complementary investigation in hepatology.

Biliary Tract↗
PubMed1978

[Measurement of human body fat by means of gravimetry. Application of Archimedes' principle].

The weighing of the human body under water is an application of Archimedes' law. Fat being lighter than water or than the structures of lean body mass, body fat can be measured by determining the specific gravity of the human body; that is, by underwater weighing. Body fat has been determined in an "ideal" sample of 14 men and 23 women, all aged 20 years. Testing against a reference measure of body fat makes it possible to test the validity of some anthropometric measurements and of some indices of obesity. These indices offer no advantages over anthropometric measurements.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of chronic alcohol administration and of folic acid deficiency on iron absorption].

The influence of chronic alcohol ingestion and artificially induced folic acid deficiency on iron absorption has been measured in rabbits by whole body counter. Results show that chronic alcohol ingestion does not modify iron absorption. Folic acid deficiency increases iron absorption by two probable mechanisms: first by increased plasma iron turnover (PIT), which parallels ineffective erythropoiesis, and second by a probable direct effect on the intestinal mucous membranes. This second mechanism appears to be independent of PIT: concomitant deficiency of folic acid and alcohol ingestion produces an increase in iron absorption without modification of PIT. Experience with drugs inhibiting protein synthesis suggests that this increase may be mediated by decreased protein synthesis.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnosis of pericardial effusion by echocardiography and radionuclide angiography (author's transl)].

Echocardiography and radionuclide angiography are presently the two first choices non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these methods, a prospective study of 43 consecutive patients was undertaken. Confirmation by tap or autopsy was obtained in 10 cases; for the remainers, strict clinical signs were requested. The results of both methods were classified in a quantitative manner. Our data confirms the greater sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography compared with radionuclide angiocardiography, when small amounts of effusion are present. However, the correlation between the two methods is satisfactory when a greater amount of fluid is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of a single ingestion of alcohol on iron absorption.

The effect of alcohol on inorganic and organic iron absorption was studied in 70 subjects, using a whole-body counter technique. The mean iron absorption of a test dose was 24.44%, while in the presence of whisky, absorption fell to 9.73% (P less than 0.0001). Absorption of a test dose in the presence of whisky without alcohol was 10.14% (P less than 0.0001). The alcohol in whisky, therefore, was not responsible for the diminished iron absorption (P greater than 0.20). The absorption of the iron contained in wine with alcohol was 73.31 microgram and wine without alcohol was 67.50 microgram. The difference was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.20). The absorption of inorganic iron contained in a test meal was 165.55 microgram and was not changed in the presence of ethanol (151.35 microgram) (P greater than 0.10). However, the presence of ethanol affected the absorption of heme iron: 538.68 microgram compared with 442.41 microgram with ethanol (P less than 0.0001). These studies show that the acute ingestion of ethanol does not influence the absorption of inorganic iron, while it does diminish the absorption of the organic form.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Inorganic iron absorption in subjects with iron deficiency anemia, achylia gastrica and alcoholic cirhosis using a whole-body counter.

A precise although technically complicated method is described for the estimation of iron absorption. A steel chamber is used to measure the total radioactivity of the patients. A dose of 59Fe is administered orally and the retention of radioactivity is measured on the 14th day, this amount being equivalent to the amount absorbed. In our male group, the mean absorption of inorganic iron was 22.5 +/- 8%, and in females it was 43.3 +/- 11%. In 10 patients with iron deficiency anemia, the mean was 92.2 +/- 6% , in 10 with gastric achylia it was 4.6 +/- 4%, and in 12 chronic alcoholics a value of 13.9 +/- 7% was found.

Absorption↗