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Biomedical subjects

A Dodin

Publications and source records attributed to A Dodin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area.

During the 1984 cholera epidemic in Mali, 1793 cases and 406 deaths were reported, a death-to-case ratio of 23%. In four affected villages, the mean clinical attack rate was 1.5 and 29% of affected persons died. In 66% of cases the illness began more than 48 h after the village outbreak began, when supplies from outside the village were potentially available. Deaths occurred because patients failed to seek care or received only limited rehydration therapy when they did. Case-control studies identified two routes of transmission: drinking water from one well in a village outside the drought area, and eating left-over millet gruel in a drought-affected village. Drought-related scarcity of curdled milk may permit millet gruel to be a vehicle for cholera. Cholera mortality in the Sahel could be greatly reduced by rapid intervention in affected villages, wide distribution of effective rehydration materials, and educating the population to seek treatment quickly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[2 hemocultures positive for Vibrio cholerae].

The authors report two cases of Vibrio cholerae isolation in hemocultures even though the copro-cultures where negative. In both cases, post-operated patients are concerned. The first one had supported a renal transplantation and was under immuno-depressor. The second one, after an aorto-aneurysm surgical treatment suffered from a mesenteric infarct. During the disease the vibrio was found in the hemoculture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

[A new sensitivity test for substances used as antiseptics or disinfectants. I. Biological studies].

In this first article, the authors present a fast method of determining the bactericide and bacteriostatic power of the germs, based on the disparition of the succino-dehydrogenase activity of a bacterium, objectified by a neotetrazolium chloride reaction. This reaction allows a colorimetric qualitative and quantitative determination of the activity of a preparation and the duration of its contact with the bacteria. This method allows a study in electronic microscopy which will be published in a second article.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1988

[Non-O1 Vibrio in acute diarrhea of the infant].

The choleriform diarrhoea may be caused by Vibrio cholerae, but also by other Vibrionaceae exhibiting the cholera-toxin antigenic determinants. The authors report three instances of gastroenteritis in infants, caused by 3 strains of non-O1 Vibrio and they carry out bacteriological study on these strains and their pathogenicity-strength factors.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of thermostable yellow fever vaccine from the Pasteur Institute on international travellers].

The authors studied the tolerance and efficacy of the new stabilized 17D yellow fever vaccine produced by Pasteur Vaccins, on 50 international travellers at the University Hospital of Grenoble (France), comparing it with the standard 17D yellow fever vaccine. The short-term and long-term tolerance in all the travellers was excellent. The serological efficacy was estimated by seroneutralization assay with the vaccine virus Rockefeller 17D, which is the most sensitive and the most specific method. The seroconversion rate was 93.8%, the same as the rate obtained with the standard yellow fever vaccine in 50 other travellers. The authors studied also the serological response to the standard yellow fever vaccine associated with other vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, oral or injectable poliomyelitis, and oral cholera): the seroconversion rates were similar to those obtained with the yellow fever vaccine alone, thus demonstrating that these associated vaccines do not interfere with immunization against yellow fever.

Drug Tolerance↗
PubMed1986

[Transmission of Vibrio cholerae. Possible role of the camel].

Choleraic vibrio uses the moving means that man discovers to his own use. Camels (passive and active vehicles of large quantity of crude water) were experimentally infected with a Vibrio (tox. +) and an Aeromonas (tox. +). Suckling young camels eliminate them for 6 days and grown-up camels for 25 days. This experience, associated with the discovery of Vibrio non 01 and Shigella in the caravan camel dungs, lead them to become a potential vector of spreading from one oasis to another.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1986

[Antibiotic resistance of strains of Vibrio cholerae eltor isolated in Douala (Cameroon)].

Endemic cholera has been prevalent in Douala since 1972, with sudden epidemic outbreaks occurring every two years during the dry season. The massive and systematic use of chemoprophylaxis since April, 1983 has led to the selection of strains of Vibrio cholerae eltor that are resistant to sulphamide and tetracycline. During the 1984-1985 epidemic, 89.3% of the isolated strains were resistant to sulphamides, 87.5% to a sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination and to the 0/129 disk, 55.3% to tetracycline, 91.1% to chloramphenicol, 73.2% to streptomycin and 94.6% to ampicillin. The epidemic aspect of this multiple resistance to antibiotics raises the issue of the role of a group C incompatibility resistance plasmid. As regards prophylaxis, until hygiene conditions can be improved, which is the only way cholera can be eradicated from our region, vaccination with oral vaccines such as that of the Institut Pasteur seems to be the best way of preventing further epidemics.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1985

Survey of neuraminidase production by Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Clostridium difficile strains from clinical and nonclinical sources.

Neuraminidase production was investigated in 57 Clostridium butyricum strains, 16 Clostridium beijerinckii strains, and 25 Clostridium difficile strains. Neuraminidase activity was found only in C. butyricum strains originating from one human newborn with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, two newborns with hemorrhagic colitis, one infected placenta, and one adult with peritonitis, It was concluded that neuraminidase was not a major virulence factor in C. butyricum strains.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1984

[Controlled results of the oral anticholera vaccine from the Institut Pasteur during the Shaba-Zaire epidemic in 1983].

Pasteur Institute oral cholera vaccine has been evaluated in the district of Malemba NKulu (Zaire). A cholera epidemic began 7 months after the vaccination. 216 cholera cases occurred among 18,377 control non-vaccinated subjects and 57 cases occurred among 6,249 subjects vaccinated by the conventional parenterally administered vaccine. In contrast, only 6 cholera cases occurred among 12,014 subjects vaccinated by the oral cholera vaccine.

Administration, Oral↗