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Biomedical subjects

A Digranes

Publications and source records attributed to A Digranes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of 4410 clinical isolates to doxycycline.

In an 1100-bed hospital where doxycycline has been widely used, the susceptibility to doxycycline of 4410 clinical isolates was examined. Ninety-one and 80.8 per cent of the Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae strains, respectively, were susceptible to 1 mg doxycycline/l. Seventy-four per cent of the Escherichia coli and 81.7 per cent of the Klebsiella strains were inhibited by 4 mg/l. The Enterobacter and Enterococcus strains were less susceptible. Nearly all Proteus mirabilis isolates were resistant. The results are comparable to those of other studies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

High dose netilmicin therapy of severe or chronic infections.

Sixteen patients with chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections, 14 with septicaemia, 2 with salmonellosis, 2 with pneumonia and 1 with acute mastitis were treated with 200 mg (2.2-3.6 mg/kg) netilmicin intramuscularly every 8 hours for 7-10 days (mean 8.8 days). 28 patients were cured, 5 showed marked improvement and 2 patients with septicaemia and severe underlying diseases failed to respond to treatment. The bacterial isolates were inhibited by 4.0 mg netilmicin/l or less. Antibiotic serum level determinations were performed in 32 patients. Mean serum concentrations of netilmicin 1 and 8 hours after injection were 12.6 and 2.0 mg/l respectively in 27 patients with normal serum creatinine levels. In 5 patients with elevated serum creatinine, mean peak and trough values were 21.5 and 5.8 mg/l, respectively. Mean netilmicin concentrations in serum and skin blister fluid obtained from 4 patients were equal 2-3 hours after injection, indicating appropriate tissue penetration. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 2 patients. Ototoxicity was not demonstrated. Netilmicin appears to be an effective and safe drug in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates. A Norwegian multicentre study.

In a multicentre study the in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates was compared to the antibacterial activity of cephalothin, ampicillin, oxacillin, doxycycline and tobramycin. Cefamandole and tobramycin showed the highest activity against the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, whereas the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were slightly less sensitive to cefamandole than to cephalothin and oxacillin. There was no significant difference between the activity of cephalothin and cefamandole against the isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and enterococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Systemic prophylaxis with metronidazole (Flagyl) in elective surgery of the colon and rectum.

The effect of metronidazole prophylaxis in elective colonic and rectal surgery was studied in a prospective double-blind trial in which metronidazole was compared with a placebo. Fifty-six patients were included in the study, and the patients were randomly allocated to the two groups. Twenty-five patients received 2 gm of metronidazole the day before operation and 1.2 gm as a single daily dose for 5 days after operation. Twenty-one patients were given placebos in the same dosage. Before operation all patients were prepared with mechanical evacuation of the bowel. A significantly lower frequency of wound spesis, intraabdominal complications, and septicemia was found in the metronidazole group as compared to the placebo group. The incidence was 4.0% and 36%, respectively. Following protectomy, infection in the perineal area occurred in 33% and 43% of the respective groups. In the metronidazole-treated patients, however, this was the only complication, whereas 50% of the patients in the placebo group developed intraabdominal complications as well. After operation anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 8% of the patients who received prophylactic metronidazole. In the control group 67% of the patients had a positive postoperative anaerobic culture. Bacteroides fragilis was isolated from 13 of 14 patients with postoperative infection in the placebo group. B. fragilis was not isolated from any of the metronidazole-treated patients. The study indicates that anaerobic bacteria are the major contributors to would infection following colonic and rectal surgery and that metronidazole prophylaxis greatly reduces the frequency of postoperative infection.

Bacteroides Infections↗
PubMed1980

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in gas-producing infections.

Thirty patients with gas-producing infections were treated with surgery, antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen during 1964-1977. Fourteen patients were infected with C. perfringens or C. septicum, 8 patients with B. fragilis or B. melaninogenicus, in 7 patients only aerobic bacteria were found, and in one patient no bacteria could be demonstrated. Thirteen patients had infections due to wounds, lacerations and/or compound fractures. Nine patients had gas-producing infection after surgery. Eight patients had abscesses and gas-producing infection. Of the 14 patients with clostridial infections, 2 patients died, and 6 underwent amputation. Four of the 8 patients with Bacteroides infection died, no amputation having been performed. Of the 7 patients in whom only aerobic bacteria were demonstrated, 3 patients died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pivmecillinam treatment of chronic urinary tract infection.

Twenty-eight patients with chronic urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg pivmecillinam orally three times daily for 10 to 15 days. The diagnosis was confirmed by a history of cystitis or cystopyelitis four to six times annually, microscopy of urine sediment, and growth of pathogens in urine specimens obtained by suprapubic bladder puncture. Three days, three and six weeks after completion of therapy the success rates were 24/28, 20/28 and 19/28 respectively. Pivmecillinam was well tolerated. Two patients developed nausea and vomiting. Other side-effects were not observed. Pivmecillinam is a useful drug in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological findings in the transtracheal aspirate from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Transtracheal aspirates from 87 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis who had received no recent antibiotic treatment were examined. A single bacterial species was found in 83% of positive cultures. Predominant pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae which occurred jointly or separately in 50% of positive cultures. Bacteria traditionally considered as non-pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract also appeared to play an aetiological role. Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes were infrequent. No bacterial growth was found in 11 cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Absorption, distribution and elimination of cefazolin in patients with normal renal function.

Cefazolin was given intramuscularly in a dosage of 1.0 g to 13 bed-ridden patients during treatment for various infections, and the pharmacokinetics evaluated in each subject. In 9 patients the mean serum half-life was 2.7 h, whereas in 4 patients--all over 60 years of age--it was significantly above this value. Impaired renal fuction could not explain the prolonged excretion time in the last group.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Susceptibility of 327 clinical isolates to netilmicin.

Netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, was tested against 327 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-negative enteric bacilli. Seventy-two per cent of the isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 0.5 microgram netilmicin per ml, and 93% of the isolates were susceptible to 4 microgram per ml or less. The MICs of netilmicin and gentamicin for 24 Providencia and 38 Pseudomonas isolates were compared. The activity of netilmicin closely paralleled that of gentamicin, 46% of the Providencia isolates and 32% of the Pseudomonas isolates not being inhibited by 4 microgram per ml of either drug.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1978

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy treated with clotrimazole.

An open trial of local clotrimazole therapy in 56 pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by mycotic culture. The patients were given one vaginal tablet daily and cream was applied to the vulva 2 or 3 times daily. Their male partners were treated with cream only. The duration of therapy was 6 days. Fifty of the patients (89.3%) were clinically cured after 6 days of therapy. Six patients (10.7%) had slight complaints and 10 (17.9%) without symptoms or signs of infection harboured Candida albicans or other yeast species in the genital tract. Six of the patients were given a second treatment with clotrimazole and their remaining symptoms subsided. Candidiasis recurred later in pregnancy in 4 of the 56 patients studied. The implications of the presence of Candida in the genital tract are discussed. It is concluded that clotrimazole is an effective antimycotic agent which can be used for vulvovaginal candidasis during pregnancy without causing side effects. Two of the patients had trichomoniasis concurrently. One of these was cured with clotrimazole.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Bladder irrigation in patients with indwelling catheters.

The effect of intermittent bladder irrigation on the bacterial counts in urine samples was studied in patients with indwelling catheter and pre-existing urinary tract infection. Four different irrigating solutions were used. Irrigation with saline or 0.25% acetic acid had no effect on the urinary bacterial count. The bacterial counts were effectively reduced during intermittent irrigation both with 0.02% chlorhexidine and with 0.25% silver nitrate. Silver nitrate gave the greatest reduction of bacterial counts but chlorhexidine is preferable due to fewer side effects and greater convenience.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Transfer of penicillin G and ampicillin into human skin blisters induced by suction.

The antibiotic concentrations in untreated and endotoxin-treated suction blisters was studied in 15 healthy adults. In a pilot study, 2 mega units of penicillin G were given as an intravenous bolus injection to two subjects. For further studies, a single dose of 800 mg bacampicillin was given orally to 13 individuals. The penicillin G concentrations in the blister fluid were highest approximately 15 minutes after the dose, and exceeded that of serum after 1.5 hours. With ampicillin the blister fluid concentration reached maximum levels after approximately 2 hours, were equal to serum levels after 3 hours, and were later persistently in excess of serum levels. The ampicillin half-life was 136 and 100 minutes in the two types of blister fluid, as compared to 65 minutes for serum. A marked differences between the antibiotic concentrations in inflammatory and non-inflammatory blisters was seen in the pilot study with penicillin G. However, in the experiments with bacampicillin, no significant difference was demonstrated. This suction blister technique appears to be a useful method for studies on extravascular antimicrobial activity in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Classification of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the diagnostic laboratory.

One hundred and ninety-eight coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from urines, blood cultures, and pus samples were classified by means of two identification schemes, and their wall teichoic acids were determined serologically. S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. cohnii were identified reliably by the use of five criteria: acid aerobically from sucrose, trehalose, and mannitol, phosphatase production, and sensitivity to novobiocin. Further species, notably S. haemolyticus and S. hominis, could be identified when haemolysis on blood agar plates was included in the criteria group. The investigation shows, that a considerable number of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human specimens belong to species other than S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. These staphylococci can cause human infections and should be identified in the diagnostic laboratory. S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus were found to contain the teichoic acids previously identified in these species. S. cohnii contained the same teichoic acids as S. saprophyticus. No characteristic teichoic acid was demonstrated in the other species, but several strains contained poly C (beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycerol teichoic acid).

Bacteriological Techniques↗